Have you ever needed to conduct psycho therapy on someone but you didn’t know how? Fear no more, because I am about to tell you about the 4 main methods of therapy, which will let you help your friends and relatives in ways that you never thought possible before. The four types of therapy I will be talking about today are psychoanalytical, humanistic, cognitive, and behavioral. You may want to determine what method best suits you, or what method will best suit the situation you or your friend is faced with. The psychoanalytical method involves just that, analyzing the psyche. When using this method, your goal would be to replace a person’s self detrimental behavior with positive behavior that will help them reach their personal goals of normality. You may also wish to reduce their inappropriate feelings of anxiety and guilt, leading them to more feelings of happiness and joy. There are 3 techniques used in this method of therapy, and they are free association, dream analysis, and transference. Free association involves letting the patient relax and say whatever comes to mind, revealing what they are really thinking in their subconscious. Dream analysis involves analyzing the contents of dreams, which can also be broken down into the manifest content and the latent content. Manifest content is the apparent images and scenes that the patient remembers and is describing from the dream, while latent content is the actual meanings behind the manifest content. Transference is the concept that because the analyst listens to the patient so much and relates to them, they become a sort of parent figure to the patient, and the analyst can use this to their benefit by asking questions only a parent could ask. This has been the psych... ... middle of paper ... ...tized to it. Aversive conditioning involves replacing an old, positive response to a stimulus with a new, negative one. An example of this is instead of feeling relaxed after smoking a cigarette, a therapist might make a patient feel another negative emotion like embarrassment or fear. The last method of behavioral therapy is operand conditioning, which has been used for years and is simply rewarding someone for good behavior and withdrawing the reward for bad. In conclusion, after reading this essay you should be better able to help your friends and loved ones with the problems they may face through the use of psycho therapy. You should be able to pick one or more of the four types of therapy and choose one that is right for you and your personality, combined with the situation you are faced with. Who knows, you might even become famous for your talents someday.
In this chapter, Anderson, Lunnen, and Ogles (2010) discuss the interrelationship between theories of psychotherapy and the techniques used by those theories. They argue that the techniques used by therapists and the common change factors of all models of psychotherapy cannot be separated from the therapist’s underlying theory of psychotherapy. They unite these aspects into a contextual model. Anderson et al.’s contextual model and discussion of placebos will be evaluated and then applied to the author’s future therapeutic practice. Unfortunately, due to the pervasive influence of postmodern philosophy throughout the chapter, there is little that should be applied to one’s practice of psychotherapy.
“Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior” (Cherry). Positive reinforcement which is praising a person for doing something good verses negative reinforcement which is an unpleasant remark a punishment. B.F. Skinner did an experiment on a rat, the rat was taught to push two buttons, one to receive food and the other was a light electric shock. The rat tried both buttons and realized which button was good and which one was bad. This experiment goes to show that upon the rewards and punishment system one can learn their rights from their wrongs through a series of lessons. Kincaid and Hemingway both use operant conditioning to show human behavior under stimulus control.
The psychoanalytic therapy was developed by Sigmund Freud. It is considered the foundation or modern day psychiatry, psychology, and counseling and is the gage by which all therapies have been measured. Psychoanalytic therapy consists largely of using methods to bring out unconscious thought that can be worked through. It focuses on childhood experiences that are analyzed though discussions that are reconstructed, and interpreted.
Habituation is an example of conditioning. Most behavioral modification relies on conditioning of one form or another, whether by pairing a desired result with a reward, or by discouraging an unwanted behavior by removing a reward (typically attention of one form or another). Reinforcement of conditioning is accomplished through consistent reaction to behavior either rewarding or discouraging behaviors that are desirable or undesirable. Desensitization takes this technique to its extreme by flooding the animal with the stimulus in increasing stages until it stops
Operant conditioning is a kind of conditioning, which examines how often a behavior will or occur depending on the effects of the behavior (King, 2016, pg. ). The words positive and negative are used to apply more significance to the words reinforcement or punishment. Positive is adding to the stimulus, while negative is removing from the stimulus (King, 2016). For instance, with positive reinforcement, there is the addition of a factor to increase the number of times that the behavior occurs (King, 2016). An example of positive reinforcement is when a child is given an allowance for completing their household chores. The positive reinforcement is the allowance which helps to increase the behavior of doing chores at home. In contrast with negative
Client support emerges from one-month sessions in which the arrangements made throughout the course of the short-term IPT thus reinforced. The primary goal is to avoid the stress of expanded social interplay from preempting to the new experience of depression and auxiliary the present client capacity partly at the level when he or she was in regular sessions has ended. As well as actually addresses problems of grief and difficulties that a person may experience in his or her relationships with family (Wedding & Corsini). IPT also adequately addresses issues of pain and complications that a patient may suffer in his or her relationships with progeny and friends. The weakness of IPT has not conclusively proven to treat psychotic disorders. Another drawback of this form of interpersonal psychotherapy is that it is dependent on a client completing the 12-16 week course of treatment. If a person drops out of therapy before completing the recommended number of homework assignments, as well as treatment sessions, it is unlikely that he or she will take full advantage and find lasting relief from depressive
The first stage in the psychodynamic therapy process is, The initial stage. In this stage the therapist should learn about the problems that patient is facing, their defense mechanisms, make sure they both have an understanding of what the main goals are, and then determine which is the best approach and treatment for the patient
Shelder (2010) describes seven distinguished features of Psychodynamic approach compared to other available therapy forms in his review: focus of effect in relation to client’s express of emotions; understanding resistance in terms of avoidance of important topics and/ or distracting behaviors in therapy sessions; exploring client’s patterns in terms of behaviors, reasoning, emotions, experiences, and connections to others; bringing in the client’s past; examining relational factors and dealings; highlighting the importance of therapy, and bringing in dreams, wishes, or fantasies for exploration.
Aversion therapy is a treatment method in which a person is conditioned to dislike a certain stimulus due to repeated pairing with an unpleasant stimulus (Good Therapy, 2017). Alex undergoes this form of therapy when he is strapped into a chair with his eyes being held open against his will. He is exposed to films demonstrating scenes of sexual assault, violence, and coercion by particular leaders. Alex does not have the option to leave the chair or blink as one of the experimenters continuously puts eye drops in his eyes. Prior to the films, Alex is injected with a medication that causes a response of nausea and sickness.
Psychoanalytical therapy is a very popular approach for some therapist; similar to many other approaches this therapy relies on the therapeutic alliance that is formed between the therapist and the client. Freud felt that every communication between patient and therapist be seen as a manifestation of transference and countertransference (Catty, 2004). Transference is a major contributor in this approach, as this is when the client’s unconscious shifts from the past to the present and the client react to their feelings and fantasies. Catty (2004) argued that transference reactions are unrealistic and inappropriate, but genuinely, truly felt by the client. However, transference and countertransference are always present and may not be brought about by this modality.
Humanistic Therapy first originated from Carl Rogers in the 1950s. This type of therapy is most associated with client-centered therapy, meaning the client controls the majority of the therapy. Carl Rogers (1965), believes transparency is crucial in the relationship between the client and therapist (Rogers, 1965). He wants the client to be able to read the therapist and see through them to know the therapist is real and wants to help (Rogers, 1965). According to McLeod (2008), the core conditions for humanistic therapy include; congruence between the therapist and client, the client receiving unconditional positive regard from the therapist, and the therapist being empathetic to the client (McLeod, 2008, p. 3). It is important that the client feels as though they aren’t being judged by the therapist, but also according to Chu (1998) “safety is created as the therapist demonstrates patience, caring, and the willingness to engage interpersonally (Venart & Webber, 2012 p. 2) . If empathy and unconditional positive regard are not used in therapy, the client will not be able to trust the therapist, therefore not sharing how they feel, ultimately not getting any help.
Aversion Therapy “Aversion therapy uses the behavioral approach principles that new behavior can be learnt in order to overcome addictions, obsessions or, violent behavior (Behavioral Psychology 2015).” In simple terms, the basis of Aversion Therapy is to be able to get rid of a habit or behavior that one wishes to no longer have. This is done by learning how to associate pain, discomfort, or suffering with said behavior or habit one would like to get rid of. Some very common examples of habits that one would seek to get rid of are smoking, violence, alcoholism, gambling, overeating, pornography, and many other undesirable habits one might have. Behavioral Psychology 2015
Therapy is defined as a method, whatever the manner, that seeks to help an individual work through a situation, or overcome some tribulation. As there are numerous approaches to therapy, and reaching the individual, there must also be numerous different types of therapy, each with their own uses. These therapies include the well know psychotherapy, biomedical therapy, as well as the lesser know humanistic therapy. Psychotherapy is based off of the research done by Sigmund Freud, who championed the importance of personality and behavior in the overall mental health of the individual. This type of therapy works by, "spending time with a trained therapist to help diagnose and treat mental and emotional problems" (Therapy, n.d, para. 1).
Najavits, L., &Strupp, H. (1994). Differences in the Effectiveness of Psychodynamic Therapists: A process-outcome study. Psychotherapy, 31, 114-123.