Differences in Introversion and Extraversion Chanel Sharp McMurry University “We desperately need both introverts and extroverts within our organizations. It’s a matter of survival, not just success. Mankind would be extinct without such diverse personalities,” (Whitford, 2010). The world simply would not function completely full of extroverts: loud people who enjoy parties, the company of other people, have a need for excitement and usually have optimistic and impulsive personalities. The world would not be enough for seven billion extroverts. However, on the other hand, a world filled with quiet, shy, introspective people would not function either. As Dr. Little said, our diverse personalities are what keeps mankind going. The old adage that opposites attract seems to be true when you look at the world as a whole. The loud man searches for a quiet woman, the shy man looks for a confident woman, etc., etc. Everyone in the world is looking for the differences in others that complete themselves, and those differences are what makes the world work, what makes the world unique. Some of those basic differences will be discussed in the rest of this paper. The idea of introversion and extraversion goes back to the mid 1900s with H.J. Eysenck. Eysenck classified introverts as people with higher levels of arousal in the ascending reticular activating system, which is a part of the brain stem that acts somewhat like a gate. The less open the gate is, the more introverted the person would be. His thought was that because of the high arousal in the brain, introverts keep more to themselves in quiet, stimulating settings in order to even things out. On the other hand, extraverts choose high functioning, populated areas in life as ... ... middle of paper ... ...personalities? Landscape Management. 68-69. Shapiro, K. J., & Alexander, I. E. (1968). Extraversion-Introversion, affiliation, and anxiety. 387-406. Lakshimi, N. V. (2008). Personality profiling of introverts and extroverts. Journal of Soft Skill. 60-67 Koepfer, C., (2012). The Need for Different Strokes. Production Machining. Justice, B., & Justice, R. (2008). Introverts vs Extroverts. Health Leader Online Magazine. 1-3. Kador, J. (2013). Shyness has nothing to DO with it. Business Source Complete. 37 (7), 1-6. Deckersback, T. (2006). Regional cerebral brain metabolism correlates of neuroticism and extraversion. Depression & Anxiety. 23. 133-138. Kahnweiler, J., (2011). How to manage an extrovert when you’re an introvert. Business Week. Gocka, E. F., & Holloway, H. A composite MMPI introversion-extraversion scale. Journal of clinical psychology. 474-477.
Further, based on 14 year old, eight grade Jane Smith’s scenario, the reliability, validity and cultural considerations of the tool will be evaluated. In its 478 items, the MMPI-A covers the 10 original scales of MPPI, six validity scales, PSY-5 scales, and 15 content component scales. There are also three social introversion sub-scales, the 31 Harris Lingoes sub-scales and six supplementary scales. More importantly, studies of the MMPI-A have shown high test and retest consistency through which reliability and validity can be guaranteed (Gass & Odland, 2012).
Have you ever wondered why you react to situations in the manner to you do? Whether you are calm and collect, or rigid and boisterous, the way you react to life is linked to your personality. Many different models exist to determine your personality type using answers from a series of questions or selecting between two opposing options. The most popularly used assessment is the Myers-Briggs Indicator Type test, which is based off the foundation of C. G. Jung’s work on personality types. The typology in the Myers-Briggs Indicator Type test yields results that determine if the person is introverted (I) or extraverted (E), sensing (S) or intuitive (N), thinking (T) or feeling (F), and judging (J) or perceiving (P). Each of these types corresponds
The main difference between introverts and extroverts is where they draw their energy from. Extroverts are generally considered as an expressive individual who seem to be energized by outgoing and social activities whereas introverts prefer the solitary pursuits -often embroiled in their own imagination- and may sometimes find the company of others draining. Introvert tend to recharge by reflection over ideas or by enjoying the solitude; they lose energy when they are near the crowd or large group of people.
Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2008). Personality: Theory and research (10th Ed.). New York: Wiley.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Journal of personality and social psychology and. Retrieved from http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~broberts/Hazan & Shaver, 1987.pdf
Rammsayer, T. H. (1998). Extraversion and Dopamine: Individual Differences in Response to Changes in Dopaminergic Activity as a Possible Biological Basis of Extraversion. European Psychologist, 3(1), 37-50. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.3.1.37
He says, “"extroversion," in contrast to more introverted people.” Extroversion describes people that are outgoing and love meeting and befriending people. Brian tells the audience in his TED talk that there are the three natures of people and extroverts help us understand them, “ First, our biogenic nature -- our neurophysiology. Second, our sociogenic or second nature, which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives. And third, what makes you individually you -- idiosyncratic -- what I call your "idiogenic" nature.” Brian describes how he finds it intriguing how extroverts need stimulation all the time. Brian had mentioned introverts who are people who prefer their own company and are very shy. He explains which category he fits into, “I am an introvert, but I have a core project, which is to profess. I am a professor. And I adore my students, and I adore my field. And I cannot wait to tell them about what 's new, what 's exciting, what I cannot wait to tell them about. And so I act in an extroverted way, because at eight in the morning, the students need a little bit of humor, a little bit of engagement to keep them going in arduous days of study.” Brian brings about the idea that people can switch their personalities temporarily because of certain
There has yet to be any determining evidence defines the characteristics of extraversion. The experimenters in this particular experiment have hypothesized that the facets of extraversion are somehow linked by reward sensitivity. This hypothesis was also tested against a model in which they are linked by sociability. There has been much work on this topic in the past, beginning with the works of Jung and James in the early 20th century—to the work of Watson and Clark in 1997. And even after a century of study, they are still unable to truly define the characteristics of the extraversion dimension of personality. In the many attempts to define extraversion, Watson and Clark have defined six basic facets of the personality trait. These are: venturesome, affiliation, positive affectivity, energy, ascendance, and ambition. Researchers Depue and Collins, in 1999, also offered a more succinct depiction of the characteristics of extraversion, this only having three basic parts. The first being affiliation, the enjoyment and value of close interpersonal bonds, also being warm and affectionate. The second, agency, being socially dominant, enjoying leadership roles, being assertive and exhibitionistic, and having a sense of potency in accomplishing goals. The final facet being impuslivity, but this one has been argued upon whether it should be included at all in the characteristics of extraversion at all.
It is believed that personality was broken into two different yet basic dimensions; extraversion-introversion and neuroticism (Cale, 2006, p. 251). A third dimension came into play later in Eysenck’s research; this would come to be called psychoticism (Cale, 2006, p. 252). Though the other dimensions are important to personality this paper will focus on the biological factors of only extraversion-introversion.
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2009). Personality traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Introverts tend to be more quiet and reserved and prefer interaction only with close friends. On the
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2012). Personality: Classic theories and modern research (5th ed). Boston , MA, USA: Pearson
The introvert-extrovert dimension explains how introverts seek calm environments with tasks requiring concentration while extroverts seek unexpected change and excitement are generally not good at tasks requiring concentration.
On the other hand, introverts are people who are concerned with and interested in their own mental life and often perceived as more reserved and less outspoken in groups. Unlike extroverts who are feeling energized when they are around a large group of people, introverts have energy drained from them through human interaction. Hence, it is essential for them to spend some alone time to “recharge”. Al...
Our personalities are what distinguish us from each other beyond our appearance; without them, we would all behave and react in the same way. Personality is the reason we are outgoing or introverted, persistent or blaze, and anxious or calm. We each have different levels of these competing characteristics that make us unique. But why are personalities so varied? Personality is determined by an array of factors from genetic and biological to the personal experiences and decisions we have faced from the day we are born. The complexity of our personalities cannot be simply explained, and for this reason there exists many different theories of how it’s developed and personality is still deeply under study. I went into this subject with an open-mind