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Situational, transactional, and transformational leadership theories
Discuss how trait approach to leadership is prominent
Transformational leadership theory and practice
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Comparison the trait of behavior leadership with contingency, transformational, and transactional leadership models. Leadership is an art to influence subordinates in such a way that they voluntarily and willingly do the pre-specified amount of work in terms of specific objectives. Leadership includes effect and change and it is the art of managing people with others (Afjeh, 2006). There are four kinds of leadership that behavioral, contingency, transformational, and transactional leadership. This essay will introduce the trait of behavioral leadership by comparing and contrasting with the trait of contingency, transformational, and transactional.
The topic of this essay is about the trait of behavioral, leadership, comparing with contingency,
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Ohio State University and the University of Michigan found two primary behaviours named by consideration and initiating structure. The main idea about consideration, that extend to which the leader establishes mutual trust and respect the followers. The central idea about initiating structure, that extends to which the leader is production oriented and upon the requirements. A contingency theory is an organizational theory that claims that there is no better way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. A contingent leader effectively applies their own style of leadership to the right situation (Wikipedia, 2009). Transformational leadership is a type of leadership where the leader works with employees to identify the required transform, generated a sight to direct the change through stimulation, and implementing the change in tandem with stable fellows of the community (Wikipedia, 2005). Transactional leadership, also known as managerial leadership, emphases on the role of governance, organisation, and team capability; Transactional leadership is a typeof …show more content…
The researchers to assess the capability of teams of 11 years old boys under various kinds of job climate. In each, the leader had effect concerning the kinds of team making policy, worship and feedback, and the management of the team work according to three styles: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire (Lewin et al, 1939). There are two important styles of behavioral leaders that task oriented leaders and people oriented leaders. Task oriented and people oriented are shown at some reasonable level, not just concern for people or concern for the task. Task oriented leaders are set against people oriented leaders. People can measure concern for persons and concern for the task to categorise the leader in one of five different leadership styles by using the Leadership Grid, that a two dimensional leadership theory to measure the leader’s concern for task and concern for people. Situational and contingency theory adopts that diverse cases call for various features; according to this mass theories, no single first-rank psychographic profile of a leader exists. According to the theory, what an individual actually does when acting as a leader is in greatly part dependent upon characteristics of the situation in which he functions (Hemphill, 1949). Effective leadership is dependent upon the internal and external elements is the
Borkowski (2015) distinguished between transactional leadership and transformational leadership by explaining that: transactional leadership is directed toward task accomplishment and the maintenance of good relations between the leader and subordinates throw consideration of performance and reward. And, Transformational leadership, contrasting transactional leadership, is directed toward the influence and management of institutional change and innovation through revitalization and
Contingency leadership theories attempt to define leadership style, the situation, and answer the if-then contingencies. Situational leadership theory is a contingency theory that focuses on followers’ readiness: the extent to which people have the ability and willingness to accomplish a specific task. Path-goal theory states that it is the leader’s job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide direction or support needed to ensure that their goals are compatible with the organization or group goals. Each theory was developed as a separate model for leaders to determine which leadership style to use in different contexts or situations. However, both models can be related to each other and may be even more effective when used together. Effective leaders will recognize that they must adjust their styles and behaviors according to their followers and the environment. By accurately assessing their team’s stage while minimizing redundancies in the environmental structure leaders can improve their team’s performance and satisfaction.
Leadership is a quality which cannot be acquired by any person from the other but it can be acquired by self-determination of a person. Leadership can best be called the personality of the very highest ability-whether in ruling, thinking, imagining, innovation, warring, or religious influencing. Leadership is practiced not so much in words a it is in attitude and in actions. Their actions leave a long lasting memory in the line of history and lead up to may events that occur today. To be a leader one will need many qualities. Leaders have a purpose and strategies to accomplish that purpose. They are driven and motivated. In the end they should be able to attain good results. These innate talents help to make up a leader that will succeed and be efficient in carrying out tasks. But, the purpose of this paper is determine what truly makes a leader successful. A successful leader should be considered more on their impact rather than their accomplishments of their organizations alone for they are not sufficient in determining the key to their success .
According to our text book there are two main classifications of leadership approaches, transformational leadership and transactional leadership (Yoder-Wise, 2011). Transformational leadership is centered on motivation and building relationships with staff through a shared vision and mission (Frandsen, 2013). Transactional leadership approach involves one superior with minimum or no input from the employees (Yoder-Wise, 2011).
In the contingency theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a function of various contingencies in the form of subordinates, task, and group variables. Fred Fielder advanced the first theory using the contingency theory of effectiveness. The main idea of the theory is that leadership effectiveness in terms of group performance depends on the proper match between the leader’s style effectiveness and the degree to which the situation gives the leader control. Fiedler created the least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire to identify the style by measuring whether a person is task or relationship oriented. Where an individual with a favorable description, would have a high LPC score, suggesting a r...
In this theory leadership style changes as needed to ensure that the goal is achieved (Huber, 2014). Each situation may need to be addressed differently, which requires flexibility by all involved, especially leadership. Managers need to evaluate every individual to understand what they are capable of and how they fit the needs of the institution and or situation (Nash, 2015). As a nurse I think this is a very important trait for a leader to have because of how quickly things change and how we must work within our environment. For example, in healthcare we sometimes have to allow others to take control of a situation on to ensure the best possible outcome for each patient. In addition, the manager needs to ensure that each person works within the scope of their practice, functions at the highest level allowed and completes their tasks. To be a successful leader in healthcare and achieve desired outcomes requires a high level of flexibility by leadership. I would also say that the contingency theory would also fit into my leadership style. The basis premise of this theory is that each situation is different and leadership needs to take that into account when managing a situation (Huber, 2014). At times a leader needs to look at the bigger picture and incorporate that in their decision making process. When looking at a specific situation taking input from all parties involved can lead to a more effective solution. We can learn a lot form those around us and need to take that in account to be an effective
The idea of what’s morally right and wrong changes within each culture whether an organizational culture or between individuals. However, the best leaders are the ones who do what’s right and best for the organization. During this research paper I will attempt to define the term leadership style and its concept. Moreover, I will attempt to describe three leadership styles, the development and the process one would follow to modify their leadership style. When pertaining to myself, I never saw myself as a leader but I will attempt to describe my leadership style and the advantages and disadvantage I would have in a business environment.
Lord, R. (2000). Leadership. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology, vol. 4. (pp. 499-505). Doi:10.1037/10519-216
The Trait Theory points out that there is a certain type of person making a good leader, with the decisive factor being: having or not having distinctive qualities of being a leader. Despite that, being an effective leader can still be a challenge. External and internal influences impact the effectiveness of the program and must be considered in order to succeed. Which leads us to the Behavioural Theory, thinking of what a good leader actually does. Kurt Lewin developed three leadership types, such as the autocratic leader who is a maker, someone who makes decisions without consultation with others.
Based on Burns (1978) there are two types of basic leadership styles, transformational and transactional. Transactional leaders are in contact with an individual for an exchange that will occur between them while transformational leaders motivate and connect with their followers
Contingency Theory “Contingency theory is a class of behavioral theory claiming that there is no best way to organize a corporation, lead a company, or make decisions” (Pfeffer, 1997). There is no simple or one right way to run things. In the 1950’s and 1960’s, two men named Henri Fayrol and Frederick Taylor continued the study of contingency theory. Research in the 1970’s dealt with the organizational structures and leadership styles for different situations (Thompson, 2005).
In conclusion, transactional and transformational leadership can be merged or used individually depending on various circumstances. However, they are partially correlated. In order to make the best use and get the desirable results out of these principles, leaders should attain a deep understanding of each theory as they are dissimilar in conducting. Moreover, an appropriate balance should be considered if leaders aim to integrate them together. In my point of view, either stand alone or combination usage would benefit to any organizations if the application of leaders was taken in proper situations.
This method implies that leaders and follower have combine motives that can be beneficial to both parties. When theses task are assigned, there is a designed reward or punishment for the followers. This method of leadership can also be associated with managing in a sense. Transactional leadership in a sense is like management in that it does not look to inspire or promote change, it is in fact more about ensuring a particular process, and procedure meets the desired results.
In the contingency leadership theories both the task and the follower’s characteristics are used to determine which behavior is better suited for effective leadership. Within the contingency approach are several factors to consider: the quality of relationships, tasks and activities to be performed, perceptions of the leader based on history, the motivation of both the leader and the follower, and personal characteristics influencing the situation (Leadership Theories and Studies, 2009). The first contingency leadership theories studies were conducted by Fred Fiedler, a leadership researcher and the earliest pioneer in the field of contingency leadership, who focused on how situational variables interact with leader personality and behavior (Contingency Approach to Management, 2009); from these studies he developed the contingency leadership model. The contingency leadership model is used to determine whether a person’s leadership style is task– or relationship-oriented, and if the situation (leader-member relationships, task structure and position power) matches the leader’s style to maximize performance (Lussier & Achua, 2010). Fielder discovered that leadership effectiveness was dependent on the factors of the leader–follower relationship, task structure, and leader position.
Because of this fact most organizations and entrepreneurs are paying close attention the the leaders they put in place to lead their company and its people into victory, which is the ultimate goal of their organizations. It is a well known fact that leadership is an important factor in an organization’s success, but the type of leadership style and as well as the leader 's personality is what really determines that level of success. In my research I have concluded that the most important leadership styles are transformational and transactional leadership. Transformational leadership has the potential to resurrect, transform and keep companies evolving with time. Transactional leadership although can have some negative effects on some, but if used properly, can promote compliance almost a stagnant team through both rewards and punishments. When companies are pursuing leaders, they not only look at their candidates experiences knowledge of a particular sector of that business, but they pay close attention to the personalities of these individual. They do so because they know that one’s leadership style and abilities is heavily affected by the candidates own personality and views. As a result of this thinking, it has lead all authors involved in both research paper and article “Relationship Between Leaders Personality Types and Source of Power and leadership Styles Among Managers” and “