• Total risk consists of Systematic and Unsystematic risk, whereby Systematic risk is defined as the variation in returns on securities as a result of macroeconomic elements in a business like political, economics, or social factors. Such fluctuations are related to changes in return of the entire market. Whereas, Unsystematic risk is the risk that arises due to the variation in returns of a company’s security resulting from microeconomic elements, i.e. factors existing in the organisation.
• The key differences between the two are: -
Basis for Comparison Systematic Risk Unsystematic Risk
Meaning Refers to risk associated with market segment as a whole Refers to risk associated with a particular industry, company or security
Nature Uncontrollable Controllable
Factors
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A single investment is affected by both Systematic and Unsystematic risk but if an investor holds a well-diversified portfolio then only Systematic risk would be relevant. If a single investment becomes part of a well-diversified portfolio the Unsystematic risk can be significantly ignored.
• Because of their close relationship, it is difficult to distinguish the effects of Systematic and Total risk. The inclusion of Unsystematic risk appears to give little explanation to the risk-return relationship. Many investors view Unsystematic risk as irrelevant within the greater context of an investment strategy. The relevancy here is equated with persistent impact of risk, in spite of the best possible risk-minimizing strategies.
• Of course Unsystematic risks are relevant on its own as they can harm many individual securities, firms or markets. Nevertheless, if one accepts the purpose and validity of portfolio diversification which is designed to remove Unsystematic risks, then it is unavoidable or Systematic risks that bear a real
By focusing on only one risk, for example peer risk, it leaves the company up for even more risk in its assets and pension obligations. Figure 1 illustrates that these risks do indeed rely on one another. When investors try to only minimize one of the risks (small circles) stockholders leave themselves open / exposed to the other two scopes of risk: Beta and Matching (ALM).
Financial risk is the risk a corporation faces due to its exposure to market factors such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodities and stock prices. Financial risks for the most part, can be hedged due to the existence of large, efficient markets through which these risks can be transferred. This is unlike operating risk, which is associated with more manufacturing and marketing activities. Operating risk cannot be hedged because these risks are not traded.
Obviously, financial establishments can endure breathtaking misfortunes notwithstanding when their risk management is top notch. They are, all things considered, in the matter of going out on a limb. At the point when risk management fails, be that as it may, it is in one of the many fundamental ways, almost every one of them exemplified in the present emergency. In some cases, the issue lies with the information or measures that risk directors depend on. At times it identifies with how they recognize and impart the risks an organization is presented to. Financial risk management is difficult to get right in the best of times.
Market Risk is also known as Systematic Risk due to its broad impact on investments. The level of Market Risk depends on the probability that the entire market will decline and drag down the values of all companies. With Market Risk, investors stand to lose value irrespective of the companies, business sectors, or investment vehicles they are invested in. It can be difficult for investors to protect themselves against market risk, since investment strategies, like diversification, is mostly ineffective (Investopedia,
In your response, build upon extant portfolio theory and make sure to talk about different types of risks that investors might face and how they go about managing such risks. This means you need to consider topics such as efficient frontier and optimal portfolios; as well their relevance to investment theory. Furthermore, given the nature of the assignment, avoid bringing the brokerage industry into your discussion. In other words, assume you can invest directly in the stock market and do not need any financial intermediaries like brokerage houses.
According to Investopedia (Asset Allocation Definition, 2013), asset allocation is an investment strategy that aims to balance risk and reward by distributing a portfolio’s assets according to an individual’s goals, risk tolerance and investment horizon. There are three main asset classes: equities, fixed-income, cash and cash equivalents; but they all have different levels of risk and return. A prudent investor should be careful in allocating each asset class to his portfolio. Proper asset allocation is a highly debatable subject and is not designed equally for everybody, but is rather based on the desires and needs of the individual investor. This paper discusses the importance of asset allocation, the differences and the proper diversification within the portfolio.
No firm can be a success without some form of risk management. Risk are the uncertainty in investments requiring an assessment. Risk assessment is a structured and systematic procedure, which is dependent upon the correct identification of hazards and an appropriate assessment of risks arising from them, with a view to making inter-risk comparisons for purposes of their control and avoidance (Nikolić and Ružić-Dimitrijevi, 2009). ERM is a practice that firms implement to manage risks and provide opportunities. ERM is a framework of identifying, evaluating, responding, and monitoring risks that hinder a firm’s objectives. The following paper is a comparison and evaluation to recommended practices for risk manage using article “Risk Leverage
Contrariwise, portfolios with domestic and international equities provides considerable reduction of systematic risk, as assets from different economies present low correlation (Kristof, 2013; Redhead, 2008). Nonetheless, with growing globalisation, economies are increasingly becoming more interconnected, resulting in higher correlations/interactions among different financial markets. Therefore, the solution might be the partly domestic investment combined with assets from both emerging and developed economies (Armstrong,
The company recognizes that it is subject to both market and industry risks. We believe our risks are as follows, and we are addressing each as indicated.
As has been discussed before, risk identification plays an important part in the risk such as unique, subjective, complex and uncertainly. There are no two identical leaves in the world; similar, there are no two exactly the same risk either. Hence the best risk manger could not identify risk completely. Besides, risk identification assessment is done by risk analysts. As the different level of risk management knowledge, practical experience and other aspects between individuals, the result of risk identification may be difference. Furthermore, the process of identifying risk is still risky. Once risks have been identified, corporations have to take actions on limiting risky actions to reduce the frequency and severity of risky. They have to think about any lost profit from limiting distribution of risky action. So reducing risk identification risk is one of assessments in the risk
There are various different financial products that one may choose to invest. Each financial product has its special features. Some of the investments have low risks and thus the return is also low. Others have high risks but offer you high potential returns. Returns are the gains or losses from security in a particular period and are usually quoted as a percentage (Carpenter, 2009). The kind of returns investors expect from capital markets are influenced by some factors like risk. The risk is the chance that an actual investment return will be different from expected (Bouleau, 2011). Risk can also be defined as the possibility of losing some or even more of an original investment.
For example, investing in materials and tangible goods is riskier than any other business (Elkington & Hartigan, 2008). Products like vehicles and electronics need a significantly higher amount of capital to start a business and at the same time, they are many risks that surround them. These risks include losing, breakages, fire, and others. If the stock gets burnt or disappear, the investor will be in for a big loss. On the other hand, if the business prevails, the investor will make some good profit from his/her investment (Elkington & Hartigan, 2008).
Operational risks are risks that may occur in the day to day activities, which may involve the process, systems, or people. Strategic risks are those risks involved with strategy. Positioning ones’ company with the right alliances and competing with fare prices will help affect future operational decisions. Compliance risks involve the many legislations and regulations a company must follow. The results could lead to high penalties and a company’s reputation could take a hit. Lastly, financial risks are always being monitored because oil, fuel, and currency rates are constantly fluctuating. By monitoring the fluctuating rates determines fare cost and balancing of the budget. “Like in any other industry, the risk exposure quantifies the amount of loss that might occur from any particular activity” (Genovese,
Systematic risk refers to the risk that faces all the firms operating in a particular industry. Systematic risk is not diversifiable as it comprises of risks that are unavoidable by all the companies in the sector. For instance,these hazards can include such as power shortages, inflation or change in government regulations in a country will definitely affect a company. It is therefore clear that there is no firm in the industry, which can prevent the systematic risks from occurring, neither can the company diversify from the risks (Marshall, 2015).Systematic risk is sometimes referred to as volatility and is measured using the risk factor, known as the Beta. Potential investors can use the weighted beta factor for the businesses operating within a particular sector, to determine whether an investment in a specific industry, is worthwhile (Marshall, 2015).
Using the Modern Portfolio Theory, overtime risk assets will provide a higher expected rate of return, as compensation to the investors for accepting a high risk. The high risk will eventually lower collecting asset classes to the portfolio, thus reducing the volatile risk, and increasing the expected rates of return. Furthermore the purpose of this theory is to develop the most optimal investments portfolio which would yield the highest rate of return while ascertaining the risk for the individual or corporate investor.