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Roles of first language acquisition in second language acquisition
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It is necessary to recognize the fundamental difference between Foreign Language Acquisition(FLA) and Second Language Acquisition (SLA) processes to investigate and provide a framework for Korean English learners as well as Korean teachers. Recognizing these differences allows us to approach Second Language Learners (SLLs) in a very specific and focused way. Briefly, with FLA implicit learning takes place, which happens unconsciously and relatively effortlessly. On the other hand, SLA involves explicit learning and substantial effort on behalf of the average learner. It, therefore, is implicitly different from the native-speaking context. Because of this fundamental difference between the two, it is necessary to examine each scenario carefully in order to establish the exact factors affecting each. There are huge differences between Korean and English because of that factor Korean student often struggle with acquiring English as a second language. The recognition of this is obviously important to teachers and language learners especially for Korean learners. Then, what kinds of teaching methods are effective for Korean learners? I …show more content…
According to Howatt and Widdowson (2004), there are strong version and weak version of CLT. The strong version put more stress on actual use of the language by means of communication, therefore less stress put on linguistic features, whereas weak version integrates grammar and vocabulary along with communicative tasks. It is widely accepted the effective integration of CLT in classrooms. SLLs need to practice the language in a genuine, real-life situation with the use of authentic materials through interactive tasks with communicative skills which will enable them to engage in real conversation beyond their confined classroom
Serra, C. (2007). Assessing CLIL at Primary School: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 10(5), 582-602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/beb461.0
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) has caused a shift on what will be focused on in the classroom. These shifts not only affect the mainstream classroom, but the ESL (English as a Second Language) classroom as well. The major change for the ESL classroom and for English Language Learners (ELLs) is a new focus on grade appropriate content area knowledge, instead of just English language proficiency. According to Coleman and Goldenberg (2012), there is little acknowledgement of support for English Language Learners in the CCSS. ESL teachers may or may not feel prepared to teach according to the CCSS. They may also have issues in understanding what the Common Core means for them. One main issue is that the CCSS will dramatically change how ELL and LEP (Limited English Proficiency) populations are taught. It is not the first, and will not be the last attempts to standardize education in the United States.
Johnson and Newport used 46 native Chinese or Korean second language learners of English who were students and faculty members at an American university. The subjects were presented together because of their native languages dissimilarity to English and lack of difference in the results of two groups. The subjects' ages differentiate between 3 and 39, when they first arrived in the US and they had lived in the target language culture for between the age of 3 and 26. According to their age of arrival in the US, t...
English Language Learners range from Newcomers learning survival English and developing foundational literacy skills to Long-Term English Learners who have had 6 years or more of their education in English yet continue have significant language gaps. These students may speak English with little or no accent and still lack the vocabulary, grammar and grade level literacy to be successful in school. English language learners may remain silent in the classroom as they adjust to a new school, environment, and culture unless he is a native language comrade to interact with. The English language learners are concerned about decoding verbal and non- verbal communication as well as understanding the social culture framework of the school. Most of the time English language learners are observing during instruction, trying to repeat words used by others, memorizing simple phrases and sentences, tired by midday or be frustrated attending long lectures unaccompanied by visual and gestures, relying on first language translation used peer translation or bilingual dictionary, as the students begin to learner they become more involved in the classroom, they can respond non-verbally to commands, statements, and questions in simple form. As their oral comprehension increases, they begin to use simple word and phrases and may use English spontaneously. They can understand short conversation on a simple topic when reading students can understand a narrative text and authentic materials, although they will be below
“The explanation for this interest in CL is verysimple: Investigations have almost invariably indicatedthat CL is a highly effective classroom intervention,superior to most tradi...
In the ELL classroom, several effective methods will promote and foster English acquisition, include modeling, rate of speech and wait time, use of nonlinguistic cues, giving instructions, and encouraging development of L1. Modeling promotes learning and motivation by developing self-confidence. It helps them “believe that they too, will be successful if they follow the same behavioral sequence.” (CITE p. 10- 29). Modeling is one way for teachers to provide students with comprehensible input in order to help students process content more “deeply and comprehensively” (CITE p. 10- 30). Teachers should model...
Long, M. (1996). The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition. In W.Ritchie and T.Bhatia (eds.) Handbook of Second Language Acquisition (San Diego, CA: Academic Press), 413-68.
Teaching students a language that is foreign can really be challenging for students as well as for the teachers. The dynamic rule for implementing instructing in a diverse class to English-learners is to use resourceful life skills such as diligence, hard work and patience. There are also methods that are involved in teaching English as a second language that can be creative for the teacher, yet beneficial to the student. First building a strong foundation that is essential to English learners will promote the language acquisition process. To do this teacher’s should always start with preparation. Advance preparation is essential in order to provide necessary adaptations in content area instruction and to make content information accessible for second language lear...
According to one article, over the past two decades, countries in the world have become more and more interdependent, and new technologies have erased many existing borders. As boundaries between countries are dissolved, foreign language instruction has become more necessary than ever for linking with the rest of the world and for producing an enlightened citizenship able to function in today’s ever-shrinking world. (Morris, http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/759) For the people who are learning any other languages, before start to study, it is obviously important that knowing differences between two languages, their own language and others. The purpose of this article is to explore differences between Korean and English. And then, it will be
On the other hand, teachers prefer using L1 for a more effective approach to teaching grammar and checking students’ understanding. Macaro (1997) commented that teachers often lack enthusiasm in using the target language for grammar explanation. Many students have difficulty in learning grammar, especially for those whose L1 system is entirely different from the TL. L1 can be more efficient, particularly when a teacher wants to discuss the learning contract with students, or tries to explore the needs of his/her students, especially those in the lower level (Harmer, 2007). Evidence provided by Harmer (2007) also indicates that the classroom environment can be enhanced through the use of L1 to establish a positive social relationship with students, which ultimately leads to a more effective teaching process.
Thus, the book answers numerous practical questions that teachers have often struggled with; for example, how to increase the chances of academic success for language learners, how to use technology to teach language effectively, or how to teach language and content material concurrently. From the preface, the author makes it very clear that the book is designed to support language teachers in their journey as new teachers and throughout their teaching careers. In total, the book contains eleven chapters, which have been divided into four parts. The first part, "What Do Language Teachers Think About?" includes topics of foreign/ second language acquisition theories and language teaching methodologies. This part introduces the background knowledge readers will need in their journey as language teachers. The second part, "How Do You Teach a Language?" introduces approaches to teaching and learning that improve students’ writing, listening, speaking and reading abilities. Each chapter in this part includes suggestions for how students can be motivated and describes teaching and testing approaches to assess students ' language skills and academic literacy. The third part, "How Do I Know What to Teach?" is instrumental in helping teachers adopt teaching practices to particular teaching settings. The fourth part, "Where Do I Go from Here?" helps teachers gain a clearer perspective of what language teaching is all about; this section also considers teacher 's self-assessment and personal
Long, M, H. & Doughty, C, J. ( Eds.).(2009). The Handbook of Language Teaching. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
...006). Current issues in the teaching of grammar: An SLA perspective. TESOL Quarterly, 40(1), 83-107.
Linguistics and Computer Science are the main components of CL. According to Bolshakov & Gelbukh (2004) CL can be defined as a synonym of NLP. CL aims to construct computer programs which are able to process (recognize and synthesize) texts and speech of natural languages. This process enables scientists to create several applications related to this field such as Machine Translation, Spell and Grammar Checkers, Information Retrieval, Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis, Topical Summarization, Extraction of factual data from texts, Natural language interface.
Question 5: Briefly define Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)? CLT is an approach to the teaching of foreign or second languages . It emphasizes that language should be used for expressing meaning (function) in real life situations. Its primary goal is that language learners should be engaged in communication that allows them to develop their communicative competence.