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Diabetes mellitus world health organization
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic health issue faced by 347 million people around the world as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2013). It is predicted by the year 2030 over 366 million people will be diagnosed with diabetes (Stein, Eible, Sbruzzi, Lago, & Plentz, 2013). According to Stein et al (2013), 50% of DM cases will experience some type of neuropathy in their lifetime. "Chronic hyperglycemia is a major factor that induces nerve fiber injury" (Bulut, Ozcan, Cakan, Bektas, & Culha, 2010, p. 914). The pain caused by the damage is described as "burning, tingling, lancinating, formicating, aching, or tearing" (Wunderlich, Peters, Bosma, & Armstrong, 1998, p. 895).
In diabetes, pain that is located in the upper and lower extremities is referred to as Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN) (Stein et al., 2013). Other names, such as Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (PDPN) and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) are also used to describe this symptom (Zelman, Brandenburg, & Gore, 2006). For continuity of this paper, the term PDN will be used. PDN is considered a chronic pain, and a common complaint is increased peripheral pain at night that disrupts sleep (Zelman et al., 2006). This exacerbated nighttime pain and disruption in sleep can affect the overall health and quality of life for the diabetic person (Zelman et al., 2006).
The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of continued nighttime use of a TENS device as a supplement to pharmaceutical therapies to improve sleep quality in patients who experience sleep disruption due to nocturnal PDN. This study would provide an extension to current research in the use of a TENS device to manage diabetic neuropathic pain, with the focus on impro...
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...ic field use in patients with diabetic neuropathy: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 2, 93-104. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552012005000083
Touma, C., & Pannain, S. (2011). Does lack of sleep cause diabetes? Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 78(8), 549-558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.78a.10165
World Health Organization: Diabetes. (2013). http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/
Wunderlich, R. P., Peters, E. J., Bosma, J., & Armstrong, D. G. (1998). Pathophysiology and treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy of the lower extremity. Southern Medical Journal, 91, 894-898.
Zelman, D. C., Brandenburg, N. A., & Gore, M. (2006). Sleep impairment in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Clinical Journal of Pain, 22, 681-685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ajp.0000210910.49923.09
Your breath can have a sweet smell caused by the high levels of ketones in the body. Being a diabetic you are also prone to losing sensation in the lower extremities causing it to be difficult to notice any pain or injury in your feet. It can also cause your skin to dry and crack on your feet. It is extremely important to keep an eye on your feet to make sure no damage is done.
In the United States 54 million people have a disability and only 15 percent were born with a disability (Jaeger & Bowman, 2005). If a person lives long enough, it is statistically likely that they will develop some kind of disability in their advancing years (Jaeger & Bowman, 2005). At some point in your life you could have experience a fractured bone, a minor cut, or had some type of surgery. Imagine after some minor injury that you may not even remember and then experiencing a constant pain so agonizing that no amount of pain medication can make you comfortable (Lang & Moskovitz, 2003). Some additional symptoms that you may also experience are severe burning pain, changes in bone and skin, excessive sweating, tissue swelling and extreme sensitivity to touch (Juris, 2005). These symptoms are associated with a disease that is called Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) but more recently termed as complex regional pain syndrome, type 1 (CRPS 1) (Juris, 2005). For simplification purposes this disease will be referred to as RSD throughout this paper.
Mr A is a 56 year old male who is currently suffering from deep vein thrombosis and type 2 diabetes. A case study describing Mr. A identifies that his current lifestyle is not conducive to being active, healthy or successfully managing his diagnosed diseases. This essay discusses Mr A’s diabetes, deep vein thrombosis and current lifestyle behaviours. It will be argued in this essay that health education campaigns inform Mr A about the conditions he suffers from, creates awareness of the risks associated with his current lifestyle and encourages Mr. A change his behaviour. Firstly, this essay includes a summary of deep Vein thrombosis and diabetes. Secondly, the transtherotecial model of will be discussed. Thirdly, health education
This article has shown me that new strategies are needed to reduce sleep disturbances, improve sleep quality, and support the need for supplemental daytime sleep in hospitalized individuals. These strategies include monitoring patients’ sleep and assess quality of sleep and duration, resolving the problems of sleep disturbance, recognizing that nighttime noise, light, and other factors potentially interfere with patient sleep, minimize lighting in shared patient rooms and turn off lights earlier at night, frequently assess for pain and administer prescribed pain medications to minimize sleep disruption. This article taught me more about sleep cycles and disturbances in hospitalized patients. As a future nurse, I have to accurately assess the patients’ personal characteristics and health education needs, and share this knowledge with my classmates.
Chronic sleep loss is becoming more common in modern culture and less restricted to sleep-deprived diseases such as insomnia. Suggested to be the result of a number car, industrial, medical, and other occupational accidents, sleep deprivation is beginning to be recognized as a public concern. As a result, the Centers for Disease Control
A feasibility study.” The purpose of this small controlled study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture at decreasing neuropathic pain and improving health-related quality of life. The author 's hypothesis was that acupuncture would significantly reduce pain in these types of patients. This study involved only twelve participants from a podiatry clinic dedicated to teaching students. All participants had to be over 18 years old, diagnosed with diabetes and have a history of diabetes-related neuropathic pain for at least 3 months. Participants in this study completed assessment surveys before and after they were given acupuncture. Acupuncture was given five times during a four-week period. The surveys assessed the participants’ belief in the effectiveness of acupuncture, their quality of life, and current pain level. This study concluded that acupuncture did help reduce neuropathic pain in all the participants but it was not statistically significant. The self-reported belief in acupuncture survey showed a statistical difference in belief of the effects of acupuncture before and after a course of the intervention. This might be because most of the participants in this study reported The quality of life survey assessed six domains and all showed improvement. Although the
Wilson, J.F. (2005). Is sleep the new vital sign? Annals of Internal Medicine, 142 (10), 877-880.
Diabetic Neuropathy is a group of neurological disorders caused by nerve damage resulting from the effects of type one and type two diabetes. There are several types of neurological diseases, each affecting the individual differently. Each disorder presents with its own symptoms, prognosis, and risks. It is important for the diabetic patient to receive adequate education from their physician on the basic signs and symptoms of neuropathy. Early identification and frequent check-ups can greatly impact the effects of neuropathy.
2. Artex Medical, Inc. America’s Choice for Diabetic Needs Published by the National Diabetes Education Program in 2013 Read on 03/24/2014 (pamphlet)
My paper is based on an article from the text’s web site (chapter 9) entitled “Lack of sleep ages body’s systems.” The basic claim of the article is that sleep deprivation has various harmful effects on the body. The reported effects include decreased ability to metabolize glucose (similar to what occurs in diabetes) and increased levels of cortisol (a stress hormone involved in memory and regulation of blood sugar levels). The article also briefly alludes (in the quote at the bottom of page 1) to unspecified changes in brain and immune functioning with sleep deprivation.
"Symptoms - The American Diabetes Association." American Diabetes Association, 2014. Web. 3 Mar 2014. .
Sleep is important and necessary for quality mental and physical health as well as quality of life and safety (NHLBI, 2012). People with sleep deficiency are at an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents, are prone to reduced work productivity, and have decreased levels of concentration (Hedges, 2012). Continued sleep deficiency can raise one’s risk for chronic health problems (NHLBI, 2012). Therefore, a consistent sleep pattern is necessary to achieve and maintain quality of life. The nurse can assist the patient suffering from sleeping difficulty in achieving a
... blood sugar levels plays a vital role in preventing the diseases and maintaining excellent physical wellness. As stated, scheduling and attending annual physical exams, avoiding tobacco products, adequate sleep, and a regular exercise routine will drastically reduce the risk of these diseases as well. It's important to recognize that sleep is an absolutely crucial component of optimal health and disease prevention. There is a vast difference in the potential for preventing morbidity and mortality from CVD, diabetes, and cancer through healthy living than with unhealthy living.
Wells, M., & Vaughn, B. V. (2012). Poor Sleep Challenging the Health of a Nation. Neurodiagnostic Journal,52(3), 233-249.