Introduction and background.
The development of youth is a very big challenge in South Africa as a lot of youth are unemployed due to a number of factors. A lot of these youth that are affected come from rural areas. Development is progress in one’s life depending on the quality of life, economic status and many other factors. South Africa’s National Youth Commission Act, 1996, defines youth as those from the ages of 14 to 35 years. A rural area is a geographical area that is located outside towns and cities which mostly have low population density and small settlement.
Only a small percentage of youth in rural areas become successful individuals in life. This is caused by a number of factors like lack of opportunities, less successful people
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A lot of youth who have special talents fail to get platforms where they can develop them and also make a living from them. Institutions and companies that help with youth development are less interested in youth that reside in rural areas. some institutions that reach out to these youth in rural areas tend to take advantage of them and rob them of their deserved rewards which in return discourage other youth to accept the few opportunities they are presented with.
People who are not successful and those who are less successful are a norm in rural areas. The youth grow up surrounded by people who have big dreams that they never got the chance to accomplish and have adopted the belief that dreaming and having goals is not for people in rural areas. They try to instil their beliefs in the youth from a young age and most of them believe this beliefs because they are few successful people to look up to and regard as role models and
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Most of the households depend on children social grant which is not even enough to support the child alone. Although the youth might want to be successful in life, some end up involved in criminal activities for survival. Only a few manage to leave the life of crime behind and become someone better and successful who can provide for the family using legal means. Poverty destroys a lot of families, dreams and lives of youth.
The standard of education in rural areas is very low than the standard of education in any other part of South Africa. There have been cases in the past few years in rural areas of Limpopo where people who were supposed to deliver books in schools threw them away. Schools had to wait for months before they could get their learning materials and students were losing a lot of time to cover the whole syllabus. Since not all parents can afford to buy any study material for their kids, a lot of students were disadvantaged this
Although poverty has minimized, it is still significant poverty which is characterized by a numerous amount of things. There are two types of poverty case and insular. “Case poverty is the farm family with the junk-filled yard and the dirty children playing in the bare dirt” (Galbraith 236)Case poverty is not irretraceable and usually caused if someone in the household experiences “ mental deficiency, bad health, inability to adapt to the discipline of industrial life, uncontrollable procreation, alcohol, some educational handicap unrelated to community shortcomings” (Galbraith 236).Case poverty is often blamed on the people for their shortcomings but on some levels can be to pinpoint one person's shortcomings that caused this poverty. Most modern poverty is insular and is caused by things people in this community cannot control. “The most important characteristic of insular poverty is forces, common to all members of the community, that restrain or prevent participation in economic life and increase rates of return.
The studies conducted in the article took into consideration two different socioeconomic statuses, which included social and economic aspects. A low socioeconomic status takes measures such as percentages of poor, percentages of people with the help of public aid, unemployment rate, and ethnicity composition; whereas a high socioeconomic status takes measures in percentage of college educated residents, income, and percentage of professionals in the neighborhood (Leventhal & Brooks-Dunn, 28). A family’s characteristics also play a role in a child’s and youth’s development. For example, the parents’ level of education or their race/ethnicity are factors that will affect the development of children.
Poverty has many influences on children under the age of 16. The research fined out that in recent year, an increasing number of children become poor, live under the poverty condition- childhood poverty lasted 10 years or more. So, what does the poverty exactly mean to children? According to Brook-Gunn and Duncan, The kids who live in the poverty condition have the low quality of schools; more likely to have domestic violence and become homeless; less access to friends, services, etc. (Brooks-Gunn et all, 1997) That points out the disadvantage and how the family income influence youngsters overall childhood, since under the poverty condition, they children do not have enough money to support for their necessary needs, they will more likely to have low self-confidence and hard to blend in with their peers. Poverty has impact on children’s achievement in several different ways. Payne (2003) maintained that the poverty could affect children achievement though emotional, mental, financial, and role models (Payne, 2003). Thus, the children from low-income family are more likely to have self-destructive behavior, lack of control emotional response and lack of necessary intellectual, that is really important for the students under the age of 16. Nevertheless, the children who suffer from poverty are usually have low birth weight and low cognitive ability
The authors describe the differences between relative and absolute poverty and how poverty correlates with education. When thinking of education and poverty, educators need to consider that not all students will have access to the technology that you would like them to. While this is true, poverty can be more than economical. It also includes, poor nutrition and health, poor home conditions, unstable home life, and prejudices. A lack of education can lead to this poverty, and a student’s parents’ views on education can affect how their child values theirs. Poverty can also lead gifted students to not reach their full potential, for impoverished students do not always have the same opportunities as their peers. Less poverty, often times,
Schmitt-Wilson, Sarah (2013). Social Class and Expectations of Rural Adolescents: The Role of Parental Expectations, Career Development Quarterly. Volume 61, pages 226-239.
These kids live in poor societies. Those who succeed out of such an environment will have applied the self-determination theory to changes in their current lifestyle (Martin & Paul Hill, 2011). The self-determination theory applies to these children in families with inadequate living standards. Several factors such as the society, acquired behavior, motivation and external influence usually affect the willingness of transforming concerned individuals. The theory addresses the efforts of each person in trying to change the current situation and living conditions (Deci& Ryan, 2008,
In developing coun-tries, poverty is associated with inadequate shelter, unsafe water and inadequate nutrition, leading to in-creased rates of infectious diseases, including malaria and diarrheal illnesses. The Children 's Defense Fund found that most students who start school later than their peers can never close the readiness gap and have other consequences including low achievement test scores, grade retention, special education placement, truancy, drop out, and unhealthy or delinquent behaviors (Children 's Defense Fund, 2015). This creates a huge gap which divides the youth according to their social classes, a problem which contin-ues into adulthood. Person engaged in misconduct who were above the legal/customary age of culpability but still not considered responsible as adults could be dealt with by authorities of the state (Hartjen, 2008). It then continues to affect the future generations as once poverty strikes a youth further affects his/her future family and the trend continues.
Most rural poor never have the options that we in Western countries take for granted. These people almost never have a choice to go to college or become a doctor, factory worker, or secretary. They must live off the land that surrounds them and make use of whatever resources they can find. Their poverty costs the entire world through the loss of the tropical rainforests and wildlife. Without providing for these people rainforests cannot be saved.
When analyzing children growing up in poverty a lot of factors come into play such as their physical, psychological and emotional development. To grow up in poverty can have long term effect on a child. What should be emphasized in analyzing the effects of poverty on children is how it has caused many children around the world to suffer from physical disorders, malnutrition, and even diminishes their capacities to function in society. Poverty has played a major role in the functioning of families and the level of social and emotional competency that children are able to reach. Children in poverty stricken families are exposed to greater and emotional risks and stress level factors.
The pressures of industrialization led many underage children to work in the industries including the garment industry where they faced poor treatment in the working environment. Children were subjected to low wages than the adults thus allowing many employers to seek the services of the underage. The services of ...
...ing and Youth Labour Markets: A Cross-National Analysis IN: Blanchflower, D. and Freeman, R.Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
As I started out researching for the paper, I realized that most importantly, data would need to be collected comparing the educational opportunities and achievement of the rural youth and those of urban youth. For instance, high school grades and SAT scores could be compared, as well as college applications and attendance. Beyond this, the actual school systems of rural and urban areas would be compared - the differences in funding, ideology, resources, etc., would grant insight into the students’ experiences and goals there.
Located on the south-west coast of Africa surrounded by water and one of the oldest deserts in the world, lies a place most people do not recognize by name. its a place that is full of vibrent people with extreme pride in there culture and ways of life.
Fortunately, there are a vast majority of "youth friendly industries". This implies that, when certain companies are labelled a "youth friendly industry" not only do they employ trained adults but also the inexperienced youth of society. To further develop skills and decline the rate of early school leavers, the government has intervened to counteract this situation in a few ways. Three of the most popular programs are;
Youth unemployment is a global problem facing both developed and developing economies. The United Nations define youth unemployment as individuals between the age of 15 and 24 years not employed and actively seeking employment. Statistics only consider youths who have attained the required age of employment who are willing and able to work but without jobs. Unemployment rates raise concerns in all economies. However, the rate and trends vary from one country to another irrespective of the country’s development status. For instance, in Cuba, Sierra Leone and Germany, youth unemployment rates were below 10% as per the year (Petersen & Mortimer, 2011). Sierra Leone is a developing country while Germany is a developed country yet their youth unemployment rates are comparable. On the other hand, youth unemployment rates in South Africa, Armenia and Spain were above 50% as per the year 2010 (Petersen & Mortimer, 2011). In most countries, youth unemployment rate is more than double as compared to an unemployment rate in people above the age of 24 years. Canada is not an exemption as the youth unemployment rate is raising major concerns. In the recent years, issues of youth unemployment have dominated political debates and social forums. More and more youths are leaving institutions of higher learning to end up being jobless. A considerable proportion of the youths are doing jobs that are below their level of educations. Organizations are raising standards in jobs where jobs previously performed by high school leavers are being given to diploma and degree holders. Since 1966, general unemployment rate has averaged at 7.75%. As per April this year, the unemployment rate among the youths was 14.5%, w...