System architecture and design of the system of an SoC is the most important parts to be considered when developing system-on-chip applications.
High density system integration, …….
Embedded computers typically have tight constraints on both functionality and implementation. In particular, they must guarantee real time operation reactive to external events, conform to size and weight limits, budget power and cooling consumption, satisfy safety and reliability requirements, and meet tight cost targets
A. Typical Architecture of SoC
Architecture of a system (SoC) is one of the key aspect that determine s its performance, functionality and the success of the system itself. Factor that most affects the SoC architecture is its target domain, which determines what components are going to be integrated into the chip and those who should be placed outside the chip. The system architecture denotes the system-level building blocks, such as processors and memories, and the interconnection between them. A generic architecture of an SoC, shown in figure 2, consist of several components such as :
• CPU Cores, Microprocessor
CPU Cores on SoC platform acting as the key element of the system. CPU Cores is basically used as central processing unit of SoC. It’s possible (and actually become a trend in modern SoC architectures and design) to have more than 1 CPU Cores inside one single chip. This systems is called multiprocessor system on chip (MPSoC)—include more than one processor core.
• Memory blocks
SOC applications usually have varying memory requirements. Memory structure can be residing entirely inside the chip in one case, and for another case the memory system might support an elaborate operating system requiring a large off-chip m...
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... SoC, such as processors, memories, accelerators, and peripherals. This architectural model is often referred as parallel architecture model.
2) Heterogeneous Architectural
This architecture is composed of processing element with different types, such as one or several general purpose processor, DSP, Video Processing, peripherals. Heterogeneous architecture is used for applications with complex block diagrams and using multiple algorithms.
The heterogeneous approach offers the best performance with efficient power consumption, while homogeneous architecture offers higher degree of flexibility and scalable, but with less power efficient. Due to their good performance, efficient power consumption heterogeneous approaches are mostly used for portable systems applications, while homogeneous approaches are commonly used for video games consoles, wireless base stations.
On average, the processor spends 56%, 73%, 83% and 71% of the run time in P1-C1-P3-C1 states for SYSmark 3D Modeling, E-Learning, Office Productivity and Video Creation and on an average, it spends 73%, 81%, 90% and 84% of run time in P1-P3 states respectively. As we discussed in the earlier section that the process technology T1 that exhibits lower Pleak at lower VDD and Fmax ranges will lead lower total power consumption in exchange for higher Pleak at Fmax > FmaxTDP that can rarely happen for processors running multiple applications
Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are programmable logic devices that can be configured by the end-user to implement virtually any digital circuit. This is made possible because of the programmable nature of their logic and routing resources. In this paper we intend to discuss about the architecture of the FPGA which has helped in achieving this programmability. The programmable logic and routing interconnect of FPGAs makes them flexible and general purpose but at the same time it makes them larger, slower and more Power consuming than standard cell ASICs. Hence power consumption, its causes and few techniques to minimize the power consumptions are also discussed.
The motherboard is the most important part of your computer. It is also one of the most compared, critiqued, and reviewed pieces of hardware. Often, on the internet, you'll find reviews and debates over which board is best or which chipset is best. The chipset controls the system and its capabilities. It is the hub of all data transfer. It is a series of chips on the motherboard, easily identified as the largest chips on the board with the exception of the CPU. Chip s...
Microprocessors and Angelic Self-possession: The microprocessors of today's computers are integrated circuits which contain the CPU on a single chip. The latest developments, with variable clock speeds now often exceeding 200 MHz, include Intell's Pentium chip, the IBM/Apple/Motorola PowerPC chip, as well as chips from Cyrix and AMD. The CPU chip is the heart of the computer; only memory and input-output devices have to be added. A small fan might be added on top of the fastest chips to cool them down, but in the chip itself there are no moving parts, no complex gaps between the movement being imparted and that which imparts the movement.
Operating system design goals and requirements are divided into two groups. What are these two groups?
Within the analysis phase a set of goals are needed within the domain. From this there are three perspectives which are taken; the object model the Ronald LeRoi Burback (1998) states “dynamic model, and a functional model. The object model represents the artifacts of the system. The dynamic model represents the interaction between these artifacts represented as events, states, and transitions. The functional model represents the methods of the system from the perspective of data flow.” After the analysis phase the system design phase takes place. Here the system is sub-categorized and appointed tasks and persistent data storage is established, also within this phase the architecture is formed. Lastly the object design phase starts and is where the implementation plan is established and algorithms and object classes are also
The number of Electrical and electronic devices running on electricity are increasing at a rapid rate. At the same time the amount of electricity utilized by these devices is also increasing at high rate due to increased complexity in applications which are to be executed, thus overall electric utilization is increasing. Further wastage and over utilization became a concern making power efficiency of a device even more essential. Thus amount of power needed to run an application or execute a command becomes one of the main constraint of the device's efficiency. This is the area which is to be focused because of growing operational costs on servers. In this report we will discuss in brief about various techniques used for power management and our topic of interest along with their merits and demerits. We recommend some of the solutions for existing problems.
Von Neumann architecture, or the Von Neumann model, stems from a 1945 computer architecture description by the physicist, mathematician, and polymath John von Neumann and others. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter , external mass storage, subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a memory to store both data and commands, also an input and output mechanisms. The meaning of the term has grown to mean a stored-program computer in which a command fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is commonly referred to as the Von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of a system.
The Devicenet system is considered a devicebus system, whose attributes are fast, byte-level correspondence that incorporate analogical supplies correspondence and high indicative power by the system gadgets (as indicated on figure 1.1).
A processor is the chip inside a computer which carries out of the functions of the computer at various speeds. There are many processors on the market today. The two most well known companies that make processors are Intel and AMD. Intel produces the Pentium chip, with the most recent version of the Pentium chip being the Pentium 3. Intel also produces the Celeron processor (Intel processors). AMD produces the Athlon processor and the Duron processor (AMD presents).
CPU Stands for "Central Processing Unit." The CPU is the primary component of a computer that processes instructions. It runs the operating system and applications, constantly receiving input from the user or active software
Computers are one of the most popular kinds of electronic devices in the world today. Whether kid or adult, male or female, everyone wants to learn how to operate the computer. People use computers for different purposes such as typing papers, creating websites, making presentations, browsing on the internet, playing games, etc. In fact, many people are still confused about choosing what kind of computer they want to buy. In the world today, there are two types of computers: notebook/laptop and desktop. They both are actually very different in several ways. In this paper, I will compare the size, connectivity, power, and price of notebook and desktop computers. I can make these comparisons because I have both a notebook and a desktop computer in my apartment.
It’s prime role is to process data with speed once it has received instruction. A microprocessor is generally advertised by the speed of the microprocessor in gigahertz. Some of the most popular chips are known as the Pentium or Intel-Core. When purchasing a computer, the microprocessor is one of the main essentials to review before selecting your computer. The faster the microprocessor, the faster your data will process, when navigating through the software.
There are many different ways to define an architecture as they can take many forms, including logical views, scenarios (or sequence diagrams), physical views and deployment views. Each view provides a specific type of information within the diagram and is directed to a certain audience, including Web architects, data architects, application architects and end users.
The input and output sections allow the computer to receive and send data, respectively. Different hardware architectures are required because of the specialized needs of systems and users. One user may need a system to display graphics extremely fast, while another system may have to be optimized for searching a database or conserving battery power in a laptop computer. In addition to the hardware design, the architects must consider what software programs will operate the system.