Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Social influences on behaviour
Conflict between free will and determinism
Conflict between free will and determinism
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Social influences on behaviour
t is intriguing that when a person is presented with the ideas of free will or determinism, they usually jump rather quickly to the conclusion of free will. Most people appreciate the genuine freedom that accompanies choice, but do we really possess it? Complete free will would mean that our decisions would be unrelated to other factors such as the environment or genetics. In reality, our free decisions are based on factors that are beyond our own control. When exercising certain choices, we conclude that we have acted freely and distinguish our actions from situations in which we believe were not in our control. The events that are not in our control are pre-determined for us, which lead us on a path to a determined life. Even though we may be making our own unique decisions, they all connect to form a single planned outcome.
Free will is commonly believed to be an issue of common sense. For example, someone may argue that they chose what they are wearing today and therefore posses free will. It does not occur to them that some other factor could have influenced them to think in that manner, essentially meaning that their decision was pre-determined. Free will may give you a choice, but you would have never had that option if not for a determined factor from the surrounding society or environment. What people fail to realize is that determinism does not strictly mean that there exists a rule book of every event that has taken place or will take place in the future. Determinism also does not mean that the future is in the hands of a “creator” who is simply following a “plan”. Instead, determinism can be viewed as something that happens subconsciously, or even at an anatomic level.
When situations do not go as plann...
... middle of paper ...
...they would be a victim to the strange and irrational behavior brought on by their illness throughout their entire life. Any effort to change their behavioral patters would be useless because you cannot alter a predetermined way of life.
The belief that our realities are a result of various determined factors, such as the environment around us, is especially rational. Even though determinism exists, it does not rule out responsibility and freedom. The view that people choose to act independently out of free will only goes so far. Often, violence or other external factors are the root of various human behavior. When this happens, the event is not caused by something in the person, but rather a predetermined factor. Ultimately, individuals do have a choice, but the behavior they exhibit is always subject to some type of environmental or biological determinism.
The argument of free will and determinism is a very complex argument. Some might say we have free will because we are in control; we have the ability to make our own choices. Others might say it’s in our biological nature to do the things we do; it’s beyond our control. Basically our life experiences and choices are already pre determined and there’s nothing we can do to change it. Many philosophers have made very strong arguments that support both sides.
People have free will and are responsible for their actions. More specifically I believe in compatablism, which states that determinism and freedom are compatible. I believe that in the end we all have a specific place we finish, but it is through our actions and choices that lead us there. Take the example of a highway. People choose which lane they want to be in for the time they are traveling, but in the end they are going to end up at the same exit. As long as one is doing what they want to do, one is acting freely. This is harmonious with the underlying laws of being deterministic. Actions are determined by our thoughts, desires, and beliefs. Because they are determined by things such as these, they are appropriately our own actions.
The problem of free will and determinism is a mystery about what human beings are able to do. The best way to describe it is to think of the alternatives taken into consideration when someone is deciding what to do, as being parts of various “alternative features” (Van-Inwagen). Robert Kane argues for a new version of libertarianism with an indeterminist element. He believes that deeper freedom is not an illusion. Derk Pereboom takes an agnostic approach about causal determinism and sees himself as a hard incompatibilist. I will argue against Kane and for Pereboom, because I believe that Kane struggles to present an argument that is compatible with the latest scientific views of the world.
As some believe that we humans have free will, they believe that we have the freedom of choice and the freedom of action. But, if all of our actions have a reason behind them, or if there is a causal explanation behind each of our choices, it is difficult to say that we actually have the freedom of will. For this reason, determinism challenges free will, as the determinist believes that all of our decisions are governed by some form of natural law, and that all of our behaviors are explainable by this law.
Believing in determinism is not something that means a complete loss of free will yet it is difficult to see whether we have free will if everything that will be for us is already planned and waiting to come out. Looking at the surface of determinism one may believe that strict determinism if believed and followed may lend itself to chaos in society. Free will is a matter of choice although the principle of sufficient reason charges that the choice is something where they could not have done otherwise dependent on prior events depending on prior events to infinity.
I will then go on to discuss free will, the different forms of free will, and why people do things out of free will. The definition of determinism “The world is governed by (or is under the sway of) determinism if and only if, given a specified way things are at a time, the way things go thereafter is fixed as a matter of natural law.” The root of the philosophical idea is that everything can be explained or that everything has a reason for being and being as it is and nothing else. There are also different types of determinism that people believe in. Soft, hard, and casual determinism are the three different types of determinism.
Imagine starting your day and not having a clue of what to do, but you begin to list the different options and routes you can take to eventually get from point A to point B. In choosing from that list, there coins the term “free will”. Free will is our ability to make decisions not caused by external factors or any other impediments that can stop us to do so. Being part of the human species, we would like to believe that we have “freedom from causation” because it is part of our human nature to believe that we are independent entities and our thoughts are produced from inside of us, on our own. At the other end of the spectrum, there is determinism. Determinism explains that all of our actions are already determined by certain external causes
Determinism is easiest under stood through analogy. Think of the universe as a bunch of billiard balls in a three dimensional pool table called space. If one were to know all the forces acting on these balls at any time it would be possible to extrapolate all future or past positions. This creates determinism and determinism destroys free will. The best example of this phenomenon in society would be the partisan political system and foreign policy. Sociologists and the public in general, see themselves and each other as one of these pool balls being kicked around. In this environment neither self-worth nor confidence is cultivated. These traits are vital in a society that increasingly asks its population to work unsupervised and off of the job site.
We as humans have the choice to decide whether we believe we are free or that everything in life is caused due to past events. This debate is brought up when you look at both Determinism and Libertarianism. Both theories draw their own perspective from people. What you chose to believe is entirely what you feel to be true, but you can’t hold both views. You either have to side with a libertarianism or hard determinism standpoint.
Freedom, or the concept of free will seems to be an elusive theory, yet many of us believe in it implicitly. On the opposite end of the spectrum of philosophical theories regarding freedom is determinism, which poses a direct threat to human free will. If outside forces of which I have no control over influence everything I do throughout my life, I cannot say I am a free agent and the author of my own actions. Since I have neither the power to change the laws of nature, nor to change the past, I am unable to attribute freedom of choice to myself. However, understanding the meaning of free will is necessary in order to decide whether or not it exists (Orloff, 2002).
All humans have some concept of free will (the capability to make rational and free choices) and we exercise our free will regularly. As humans we can choose go to a movie, perform a criminal act, say a prayer ,leap off of a bridge ,or paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.We are in control of many of our choices, and thus our destiny - that we are free to think and decide. According to the twentieth century English philosopher Martin Hollis, “free will—the ability to make decisions about how to act— is what distinguishes people from non-human animals and machines”, (Ellsworth, p.25).We contrast this flexible, conscious control that we enjoy with the involuntary action of, say, our heartbeat or digestion, and with the instinctual imperative of a bird's nest-building or a dog's conditioned response (Timpe, Kevin). Our decisions are far more independent of nature and nurture than any animal's; we are aware of our ability to think and of the consequences of our choices.
The power of a rational human being is the ability to make choices. These choices and your ability to choose, is the existence of your free will. Though this free will exists and you are able to make your own decisions, the future remains inevitable. The past is constantly being created, as the cycle of time continues. With this given past, there will only be one actual inevitable future. This notion is what philosophers call a deterministic world. How can free will be compatible with this world, is the question. I am arguing that a deterministic world can contain individuals that have the ability to make choices among a variety of options, while the actual choices made is already determined.
This is opposite of what determinism claim. Determinism, as it is taught in ITT-Tech textbooks, claims that moral judgements are pre-determined, and there exist no other course of action. For example, those who believe in determinism would argue that I did not decide to write this paper of my own free will, but that it was predermined that I would write it, and therefore, I wrote this paper. However, I believe this to be just another groundless argument that deflects individual responsibility onto something or someone else. If a person's actions or moral judgements are predetermined, then it presuposes that a person does not have the free will to do something else. If this were true, then we can not justifiably hold someone accountable for their actions, thus, it requires us to abandon the notion of individual responsibility, accountability, and achomplishments (perhaps in our country we already
Similarly, liberty is in contrast with the concept of determinism, or the idea that human beings have absolutely no free will and cannot be held morally responsible for their actions. Determinism is a doctrine that all events are determined by an external cause, including that of human actions. With this concept, it is believed that no one had free will or liberty, and as such no one can infringe on the rights of others, as they do not
Do we truly have free will? It is the ability to make a decision without hindrance. Human nature, neuroscience, and everyday life are contributing factors to free will.