1. Discuss possible causes of dehydration in infants.
In some cases, children can have sores in their mouth that make it painful for children to eat and drink, which can cause dehydration or make dehydration worse. Infants are not able to tell other if they are thirsty so it is important to make sure that we provide them with enough fluids to drink. If an infant has a fever, is vomiting or has diarrhea they are at an increased risk for dehydration. They are losing more fluids than what they are able to take in. If the infant is having excessive urination they are losing more fluids than they are taking in so we need to make sure to keep the infant hydrated.
Some symptoms of infant dehydration are few wet diapers produced than normal, dark
…show more content…
Adults and children Determined by needs of the patients; generally 0.5–1 units/kg/day total. 50–70% may be given as insulin aspart, and the remainder as intermediate- or long-acting insulin. May also be given via subcutaneous infusion pump; initial programming based on total daily dose of insulin given in previous regimen with 50% of total daily dose given as premeal boluses and 50% of total daily dose given as basal infusion; dose can then be adjusted based on response. - Half life is approximately 60-90 minutes
- Onset is within 15 minutes, peak 1-2 hours and duration is 3-4 hours.
- The nurse needs to assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia
- Need to monitor her labs
- This is has a fast onset so she needs to eat soon after given. 1. Hypoglycemia
2. Bruising
3. Pruritis
4. Swelling
5. Allergic reaction
Erythromycin eye ointment
Anti infectives
Macrolides
Suppresses protein synthesis at the level of the 50S bacterial ribosome
Bacteriostatic action against susceptible bacteria Topical: (Adults and Children >12 yr): 2% ointment, gel, solution, or pledgets twice daily. - Half life 1.4-2 hours
- PO, onset- 1 hour, peak- 1-4 hours, duration 6-12 hours.
- Assess for infection
- Monitor vital signs
- Monitor her lab values 1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Phlebitis at the IV site
4. Diarrhea
5. Cramping
Glucagon IM
Hormones
Pancreatics
Stimulates hepatic production of glucose from glycogen stores
It has long been established that both short and long-term exercise increase metabolic rate and heat production. This naturally predisposes participants to dehydration. Typical symptoms of dehydration include elevated temperature, fluid and electrolyte imbalance due to sweating, and loss of critical nutrients, such as glycogen (depleted via metabolic pathways). Many individuals participating in moderate to rigorous training schedules may engage in daily exercise, if not multiple exercise routines in one day (3,4,5,6). It then follows that the goal for these individuals should be avoidance of dehydration and maximization of rehydration through maintenance of electrolyte balance, replenishment of muscle glycogen, and plasma osmolality. Thus, examination of a fluid’s efficacy in these three areas is crucial. Through extensive research, it is evident that Gatorade will rehydrate faster and more effectively than water.
It can slow brain development when the kids drink the water, and it can also cause skin lesions, hair loss, hypertension, vision loss, and
Common treatment for Type I is insulin dosing. The goal of this treatment therapy is to maintain near-normal blood glucose values. Insulin is usually given two or more times a day by injection or is delivered via insulin pump** as needed. . (Wong, Hockenberry, Wilson, 2015) Child receives Novolog** via her insulin pump as
The care plan is composed of the right food, exercise and medication (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). The person needs to know what type of foods affects their blood sugar levels and most of the time the patient is sent to a nutritionist to follow a diabetic diet. The patient needs to keep track of a food log to discuss later with the doctor or nurse on the next appointment (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). An exercise regimen also helps to keep the sugar levels balanced. It is important to keep an exercise schedule that will help the person to keep an exercise routine in accord with the medications and meals. It is very important to stay dehydrated and to keep track of the blood sugar levels (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). The medications are to lower the blood sugar levels. It is very important to store the insulin properly, check the expiration date and double check the dose before administration. The person will need to report to the doctor if the blood sugar gets too low or still high, because the doctor might need to adjust the dosage or timing. Also, it is important for the doctor to know if the person is taking medications for other conditions, because that will help the doctor to prescribe the correct medication for the person (Mayo Clinic Staff,
There are several causes to elderly dehydration, which can be broken down into four groups: physiological factors, psychological factors, functional impairments, and mechanical impairments. (Hamilton, 2001) The physiological factors are: natural 10% body fluid loss, diminish of taste making food less appetizing and adding salt for flavor, thirst diminishes, medications that are diuretics or laxatives, and draining wounds. (Hamilton 2001) The caffeine in coffee and soda, the theophylline in tea, and the throbromine in cocoa, all raise blood pressure along with increase production and elimination of urine. (Vasey, 2002) Alcohol, on the other hand, dries out the mucous membrane causing sclerosis. (Vasey, 2002) Diarrhea, vomiting, or febrile illness also contributes to elderly dehydration. (Moore, 2005) The psychological factors are: depression which contributes to loss of appetite, purposefully decrease fluid to reduce bathroom trips. (Hamilton, 2001) The functional impairments are: coma, paralysis and N.P.O (Nothing Per Orem) patients. (Hamilton, 2001) Elderly individuals with disabilities such as: visual, cognitive or motor impairment may need assists with water intake. (Kavanaugh, 2000) Tubal feeding may need additional water in the nutr...
According to Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, “In the United States, nearly thirteen percent of babies are born preterm, and many of these babies also have a low birth weight.” The baby may be put into the NICU for varies reasons. However, the most common reason that a child is put into the NICU is because he or she is premature. Premature means the baby was born before the 36 weeks. It is never good for a baby to be born early, as this could mean that the baby is not fully developed. There are other factors as to why a child may need to be put into the NICU after birth. For instance, birth defects can be the cause of why a baby is put into the NICU. A baby may be born with an infection such as herpes or chlamydia which can damage the newborns immune system at such a young age. Low blood sugar or hypoglycemia can also cause an infant to be put into the NICU. Some maternal factors of why a baby may be put into the NICU is if the mother is “younger than 16 or older than 40.” If the parent may be an alcoholic or expose the baby to drugs, this can put the child into NICU care. If the parent has an STD or sexual transmitted disease, the baby is most likely going to have to be put into the intensive care unit. “Twins, triplets, and other multiples are often admitted into the NICU, as they tend to be born earlier and s...
My former clinical instructor has DM1, and she taught us about carbohydrate counting, the importance of exercise, and what keeping up with insulin does. We did a carbohydrate counting project that we presented to the nurses and then to the patients. We made sure to an...
There are an estimated 8,000 deaths per year in the United States from drowning. Near-drowning occurs anywhere from 2-20 times more frequently (for estimated 16,000-160,000 events per year)7. The definitions for drowning and near-drowning have for the longest time been very confusing to understand. Recent health officials have attempted to resolve some of this confusion by redefining drowning as “the process of experiencing respiratory insufficiency or difficulty following a submersion or immersion in a body of liquid.” Near-drowning has also been redefined as “survival from a drowning event which involved impaired consciousness or water inhalation for 24 hours or more”2. Both near drowning and near-drowning occur when someone experiences a submersion event. A submersion event is when someone, in this case a pediatric patient, experiences an unexpected submersion in water. When an unexpected submersion, regardless of water type (salt or fresh) occurs, the individual experiences breath hold, panic, and a struggle to resurface1. Humans, naturally, can only hold their breath for a short period of time. This prolonged breath hold results in hypoxia and eventually leads to involuntary gasping. As the individual attempts to gasp for air they sometimes aspirate7. This paper will attempt to look at the clinical presentation of a near-drowning patient who has suffered from a submersion event.
Within 30 minutes of teaching lesson, the patient will be able to injection insulin properly. The patient will be able to perform self-monitoring of blood glucose using a blood gl...
First I will tell you about what not drinking water everyday does to a person.
“Drinking water is like washing out your insides. The water will cleanse the system, fill you up, decrease your caloric load and improve the function of all your tissues.” – Kevin R. Stone --
Rationale: Early signs of dehydration include thirst and cessation of perspiration, muscle cramps, nausea and vomiting, lightheadedness, and orthostatic hypotension. Ackley and Ladwig p. 345
In the Nepal’s example on the web, the child sickness was due to lack of education on food hygiene and lack of infrastructure (sanitation and drinking water). Thus, teaching the mother about treating water before drinking and the importance of hygiene in handling aliments would prevent the child diarrhea episode and even save the other son that died in the past from this disease.
Malnourished children acquire bacterial gastrointestinal and respiratory infections more frequently. 42. Malnutrition significantly compromises mucosal epithelial barriers in the gastrointestinal, respiratory and urogenital tracts which are first line of defense against infections.
The human body needs water to maintain enough blood and other fluids to function properly. Along with the fluids, the body also needs electrolytes, which are salts normally found in blood, other fluids, and cells. Dehydration is a serious health problem but can be treated but coaches and athletes should try to prevent this the most by staying hydrated. One way to make sure your hydrated is the color of your urine: Clear or light-colored urine means you 're well hydrated, whereas a dark yellow or amber color usually signals dehydration. Coaches can help prevent their athletes from being dehydrated in humid conditions are by Requiring young athletes to drink plenty of fluids before practice and during regular beverage breaks even if they aren 't thirsty, Make sure clothing is light colored, lightweight and loose fitting, or exposes as much of the skin as possible, and Decrease or stop practices or competitions if necessary, or move them indoors or to a shady area. Reasons for dehydration that athletes should now and be able to prevent are Wearing clothing or protective gear that contributes to excessive heat retention,Rarely exercising ,Is overweight or obese, is sick or had a recent illness, especially involving diarrhea, vomiting or a fever,Is taking certain supplements or medications, such as cold medicine. Last if any athletes are expiriencing any feeling of dehydration symptoms are Dry or sticky mouth, Thirst ,Dizziness and excessive fatigue. f your child plays sports in hot weather, encourage him or her to drink plenty of fluids before, during and after practices and games. Teach your child the signs and symptoms of dehydration, as well as the importance of speaking up if they occur. Involve your child 's coach, too. Talk to the coach about adjusting the intensity of practice depending on the temperature and humidity on the field and support the coach 's decision to cancel games and practices