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Tylenol case analysis
The case of James Richardson
Case study tylenol murderers question and answers
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Tylenol is one of the most used and common pain reliever in the world. But after seven murders in 1982, this number reduced dramatically, and the product was removed from sales until the city of Chicago was back under control. Many lawsuits were filed while there was no evidence to blame anyone. The mystery behind cyanide-laced Tylenol murders can be summed up in two theories: there is a killer or it was a production mistake.
Although cyanide-laced Tylenol deaths are still a mystery to this day, this mass murder has been uncertain for over two decades. The 29th of September in 1982, seven Chicago locals died after taking Extra-Strength Tylenol (“Cyanide-Laced Tylenol Kills Seven”). Astonishingly, all of the deaths were reported in “24 hours”
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Police first came to the conclusion that there were few bottles containing cyanide, so the culprit was outside of production of the product, also, if the contamination happened during the making of the Tylenol, then it would have ruined the outer-coating of the capsules (“Cyanide-Laced Tylenol Kills Seven”). Before more evidence was found, the police had no exact suspect until the company who distributes the medication, Johnson and Johnson, received a letter from someone named Robert Richardson. He demanded $100,000 from the company for him to “stop the killing” (Adame). To add to the mysterious letter, it turned out that the man’s real name was James Lewis, and he previously had been involved in a murder (Adame). This lead investigators to a suspect and a strong …show more content…
Investigators first discovered that there were no clues left behind if there was a killer (Newton). Thereafter, medical physicians toured the production facility and found that cyanide was once used at the facility (Newton). This gave them evidence that this mass murder could’ve been an accident in production or purposeful by a killer. On the other hand, a Forty-eight year old man named Roger Arnold, worked at a facility that supplied Tylenol. In his apartment, investigators found cyanide and a book that explained how to put poison in capsules (Adame). Because Arnold worked at the facility, he could’ve easily tampered with the already packaged bottles and inserted cyanide. Also, the FBI stated that it could’ve happened anytime; either during production or after (Schmidt). These pieces of evidence show that the possibility of it happening during production is
The first piece of evidence that led to this theory was ice tray that was located at the crime scene. Due to the chromatography paper which was tested in Forensic Lab 7, it was revealed that the ice tray was poisoned by the one and only Beverly Hilis. In the Forensic Report it states, “The ph in the ice water was 9”(Forensic Report). This is significant, because this was the exact same ice tray Max used in his drink. The only person that was able to poison Max at the crime scene was Beverly. This is important, given the fact that the chromatography tests results showed that the ice tray was poisoned, Beverly could have made the poison because she is use to performing experimental things especially being a Chemist. Another piece of evidence that led to suspicion was Dez’s towel which was found at the crime scene. In the Preliminary Report it states,“ I took my dog down to the beach for a walk around noon”(Preliminary Report). If Dez was not near the beach house during the time of the murder then it raises the suspicion of why his towel was located at the crime scene. In addition to Dez’s towel being at the crime scene there was also the smell of cologne on the towel. In Forensic Lab 4, after testing out each of our suspects (Dez, Beverly, Chloe, and Ray) cologne we concluded that the cologne does match Dez. Due to the Forensic Report it stated, “The smell that
Most medical experts often had to supplement their findings with more conventional detective work. Rob Rapley recounts the famous cases of the day including the factory workers who painted glow in the dark watch dials with radium paint. Women who worked in these factories were unknowingly being poisoned as they put their brushes in their mouths to touch up the point. Since women were dying years after having access to the paint, it was hard to tell whether or not they died from the paint at work or from another cause. It wasn’t until Gettler ran tests on a woman’s bones five years after her death and found radium still remaining in her bones. Also, a man named Mike Malloy miraculously survived tragic situations such as being run over by a taxi and being fed rotten food before finally dying from poisonous gas. The cause of his death, however, was not spontaneous and was a result of money hunger than those who insured him shared. This models that murderers used poison to commit crimes in search of money. One pair of murderers, exculpated by Gettler’s evidence in 1924, was finally caught in 1936, when they killed again using the same poison.
However, Fleig was not going to see a movie, he was looking to do something horrible and he did not care who the victim was. Once the film ended, Fleig sat in his car and scoped out who would be his easiest targets and he spotted Barbara and Patricia Grimes walking home by themselves. Fleig started his car and followed the girls until he saw the perfect opportunity to commit his crime. Now Max Fleig was a smart man, he did not want to kill the girls on the street and leave a noticeable cause of death. For this reason, he grabbed his gun and got out of the car and pointed it at the girls. He was not going to shoot them, he just did not want them to move. With a gun pointed at them, Barbara and Patricia Grimes listened to Fleig when he told them to get into his vehicle. Fleig did not beat them or anything he was actually fairly nice to them other than the fact he kidnapped them. Fleig knew what he was about to do and he was smart. He knew that there are poisons that are untraceable and the slightest chance of them being traced is gone if the bodies are hidden long enough. So Fleig took some arsenic, mixed it with sugar, and put it in the girls coffee when he offered them some. This is what killed Barbara and Patricia Grimes. They suffered from being poisoned for roughly 24 hours. Max Fleig knew of
In the story “ The Landlady” Billy was drinking his tea that the landlady had made for him. He had said in the story that it tasted like “bitter almonds” . There is two things that could have happened here, either the landlady can’t make good tea, or she was poisoning Billy. If the landlady was poisoning him, she would have been using cyanide. It would make sense if she killed him with cyanide because Billy had mentioned a war going on, and in WWII British and American secret services developed the "L-pill", which stands for lethal pill. They would give these L-pills to agents that way if they were captured they would bite this pill and die. The pill had a thin plastic casing and was filled with potassium cyanide.Which of course has the smell
Almost one hundred years ago, prescription drugs like morphine were available at almost any general store. Women carried bottles of very addictive potent opiate based pain killers in their purse. Many individuals like Edgar Allen Poe died from such addictions. Since that time through various federal, state and local laws, drugs like morphine are now prescription drugs; however, this has not stopped the addiction to opiate based pain killers. Today’s society combats an ever increasing number of very deadly addictive drugs from designer drugs to narcotics to the less potent but equally destructive alcohol and marijuana. With all of these new and old drugs going in and out of vogue with addicts, it appears that the increase of misuse and abuse is founded greater in the prescription opiate based painkillers.
Possible hidden messages in the amino acid codes seemed to authorities like possible doings of Ivins, and he was resultantly placed under watch. Authorities found a copy of a book on amino acids in Ivins’ trash, further incriminating him. Charges were placed against him, but however, on July 27th, 2008, Ivins died in the hospital, after intentionally overdosing on Paracetamol, an over-the-counter pain reliever, in what the authorities believed to be an attempt to avoid his charges. The authorities had lost their strongest suspect, and the investigation began to dwindle. The investigation included over ten thousand witnesses, spanning six continents. 1 year and 6 months later, the investigation was forma...
One morning in 1911, Jasper Newton Daniel showed up to work early. He tried to open the safe in his office but had forgotten the combination. Out of frustration he gave the safe a good solid kick. The blow broke his toe and would lead to a blood infection which took his life a couple of weeks later. Jasper never married and had no children but had grown very close to his nephew Lem Motlow, whom he deeded the distillery to. One of Lem’s accomplishments was getting the company incorporated before his death in 1947.
...ot the drug was solely responsible for the deaths, since they died from various causes, such as pulmonary embolism or cardiac infarction.
Fatal complications occur from regular use, for example, liver damage, seizures, elevated blood pressure causing stroke, heart failure, or heart attack. Another growing fad in the United States is the abuse of prescription drugs. The abuse is being done by not only adults, but by teens. The most current trend today is the misuse of cough syrups and prescription medications to produce a “high.” Other medications abused today are stimulants (Ritalin), and benzodiazepines (Xanax).
In 2011, the media reported that in US prisons a sedative used for death penalty purposes was not being used as intended by the pharmaceutical company Lundbeck. The drug Nembutal as well as others were mixed into a cocktail and administered to prisoners undergoing the death penalty. Lundbeck got word of this from
Tylenol's 1982 ordeal has become a classic example of a successful crisis management. Johnson & Johnson faced a major crisis when their leading pain-killer medicine, extra-strength Tylenol, was found to have caused the fatalities of seven people in Chicago, Illinois. It was reported that unknown suspect or suspects took the product off store shelves, tampered it with deadly cyanide and returned to the shelves. As a result, seven people died and consumers lost confidence and panicked over hearing the news of this incident. Tylenol received massive media coverage which led to an expeditious communication of event to the public. Johnson & Johnson (J & J) took a huge financial hit when it had to recall and destroy approximately $100 million dollars worth of inventory in addition to the loss incurred by the company when the public reacted to the incident (Campbell et. al., n.d.). Tylenol's approach was to pull off the products as quickly as possible, stopped production, cooperated with the investigation and the media and halted all forms of advertisement or marketing of the product. Furthermore, Johnson's & Johnson's took the initiative to protect and improve their product packaging which allowed them to regain the public's confidence and paved the way for improved tamper-resistant packaging now used by myriad of manufacturing companies. The fatalities occurred between September 29th to October 1st of the year 1982 and by November, Tylenol had already reintroduced the product with improved tamper-resistant packaging. To regain the public's attention and confidence, Johnson's & Johnson's launched a dynamic marketing campaign to put the product's name before the public.
The Pharmaceutical company, Purdue Pharma, is manufacturing and falsely marketing highly addictive prescription drug, OxyContin, in the United States. According to the CDC (Center for Disease control), opioid deaths have gone up 400% since 1999. Purdue Pharma, is deceiving the public about the safety of opioids. They are engaging in marketing campaigns and claiming that these harmful painkillers can be prescribed without a significant risk of addiction. When in fact, people do become addicted to painkillers, and nearly 90 of them lose their life each day due to opioid overdose. OxyContin was first introduced in 1995, and it was Purdue Pharma’s first major painkiller. According to FDA, OxyContin was supposed to be taken every 8 hours, but Purdue
In 1982 Tylenol was the leading over the counter pain medicine in the United States. Starting in September of 1982 the first of seven people died in Chicago after taking extra-strength Tylenol capsules containing 65 milligrams of cyanide. In October of 1982 investigators made the connection between the poisoning deaths and Tylenol capsules.
Forensic toxicologists have faced numerous challenges throughout the 1800’s and are still facing some of these challenges today. In Gettler’s and Norris’s time of being head of forensics in New York, they faced problems within toxicology study, and some out of toxicology. One of their main problems was metabolizing a poison and determining the lethal dose.
... many as ten different drugs coursing through his body, taking control of his brain, his heart. Four of the drugs were in what the medical examiner would describe as "significant amounts." These were codeine, ethinamate, methaqualone and unidentifiable barbiturates. He had also taken a number of Placidyl and Valium capsules, both tranquilizers, and unknown quantities of Demerol and Meperidine, both painkillers. Bringing the amazing total to ten were morphine and chloropheniramine, an antihistimine that by itself would make its user sleepy.