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Cultural relativist theories
Cultural relativist theories
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The concept of cultural relativism in a multicultural world by Caleb Rosado. 1. I find it interesting that the author points out that ethnocentrism “implies the failure to view reality from the perspective of the other” (Rosado 4). I believe that sometimes people incontinently fail to see reality in a different perspective because they cannot understand the manner that other people see reality. It is not even because they repudiate the way other people see things but because it is difficult for them to find a logic or coherent explanation about why others perceive realities the way they do. I can tell from past experiences that even people that respect other’s people perception of reality sometimes fail to understand why others …show more content…
The author additionally says that the failure mentioned above is one of the causes why ethicists have difficulties with cultural relativism (Rosado 4). I agree with the author that ethicists have problems with cultural relativism based on experiences that I had in the past. I remember taking a course with a great professor who used to mention the custom of having multiple wives as something wrong. For this professor, the concept of having more than one wife and a man cheating on his wife was the same thing. For me and some other college students with whom I shared background, the practice of a man having multiple wives was normal and acceptable. Hence, every time someone in class including the teacher included this practice in the category of things that were wrong, the students with whom I share the same background and I kept quiet because we did not see the awful thing that they saw in this practice. Confession of a former cultural relativist by Henry H. Bagish 3. I agree with the author’s point that it is important to acknowledge that some ways of doing things by some cultures are more efficient
Cultural relativism was introduced in the U.S. by Frank Boas in 1887 (ibid). This theory postulates that cultures must be understood in terms of the values and ideas of that specific culture; the underlying objective here was to delegitimize notions of ethnocentrism (the belief that one culture may judge another based on their cultural standards) (Miller, 12-3). Though this theory seems to provide a framework to eliminate a discriminatory belief, it would not allow then, for example, people to attack the events that took place in Germany circa 1930s-40s (Miller, 23). Critical cultural relativism avoids this ‘homogenizing trap’
Culture Relativism: putting aside any judgment or beliefs against a culture different from one’s own culture. In the narrators experience he is able to collect his thoughts and understand that their way of life is different from his own and that he must not judge them in order to truly understand them.
In his “Of Headhunters and Soldiers”, Renato Rosaldo makes a vivid distinction between cultural relativism and ethical relativism from his own personal experience. According to Rosaldo, cultural relativism focuses on human differences and the acquisition and adherence to one’s culture after birth. He references Ruth Benedict and further expands on the notion that all cultures are equally valid and that patterns of life cannot be scale down into grades (excellent, good, medium, below medium). Next, Rosaldo defines ethical relativism as a subset of cultural relativism pertaining to moral aspects of various cultural practices. The adoption of ethical relativism will hinder one’s ability to critically assess right versus wrong and good versus
The Challenge of Culture Relativism written by James Rachels argues the downsides and upsides to the idea of Cultural Relativism. This is the idea of Cultural Relativism: the principle that an individual human 's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual 's own culture. It was established as axiomatic in anthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the 20th century and later popularized by his students.
A Taste of The Trail: Good food can bring people together in a lot of situations. Has good food ever cheered you up or made your day better? In this case, cowboys from the 1800s were highly dependent on quality meals. Good food was a possible make or break in being a cowboy helping with cattle drives in the mid-to-late 1800’s. Food quality has a huge emphasis on the cowboys’ morale in different ways.
Rachels states that, “cultural relativism would not only forbid us from criticizing the codes of other societies; it would stop us from criticizing our own” (Rachels 700). However, there are some reasons one may accept relativism and it is because it is a comforting position. It relieves individuals of the burden of serious critical reasoning about morality, and it
“Ethnocentrism, the notion that the beliefs, values, norms, and practices of one’s own culture are superior to those of others” accompanied with the aforementioned expectation creates a recipe for disaster when faced with interacting with different cultures (Lustig & Koester, p. 150,????). Recognizing that there exist differences among cultures and that no one way is the only way provides an opportunity to understand the problem before you and how to rectify
Every individual is taught what is right and what is wrong from a young age. It becomes innate of people to know how to react in situations of killings, injuries, sicknesses, and more. Humans have naturally developed a sense of morality, the “beliefs about right and wrong actions and good and bad persons or character,” (Vaughn 123). There are general issues such as genocide, which is deemed immoral by all; however, there are other issues as simple as etiquette, which are seen as right by one culture, but wrong and offense by another. Thus, morals and ethics can vary among regions and cultures known as cultural relativism.
We live in a world society that is changing rapidly. It is causing people of various cultures likely to interact with each other. This interaction can be positive or negative depending on respect people have for other cultural groups and the level of sensitivity. These behaviors are directly related to the two very important concept in sociology, which are known as Ethnocentrism and Culture relativism. Negative attitudes toward other ethnic group or cultures can be result of ethnocentrism. On the other hand, positive attitude can be the result of the culture relativism approach. The purpose of the paper is to show why people need to move from ethnocentrism mindset to culture relativism .As America is becoming more and more diversit,we need
For Cultural Relativism, it is perfectly normal that something one culture sees as moral, another may see as immoral. There is no connection between them so they are never in conflict relative to their moral beliefs. However, within the context of Ethical Relativism there’s a significant difference. Normally, two cultures will possess varying proportions of the same normal and abnormal habits yet from a cross-cultural standpoint, what is abnormal in one culture can be seen as properly normal in an...
Rachels says that “different cultures have different moral codes” and I believe that is true what might be okay in one culture could be absolutely immoral in another. His reference to what Daruis notice between the Greeks and the Callatians can show us that each culture has their own method of dealing with a situation. As well as the Eskimos who had multiple wife and use the method of infanticide. This being unheard of, immoral to the people of America but since the time of Herodotus they have notice “the idea that conceptions of right and wrong differ from culture to culture.” I think this concept is right however, I haven’t actually seen a culture as different as my, I have seen some small differences and I know some culture have big differences to mine but I haven’t encounter them. I...
Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two contrasting terms that are displayed by different people all over the world. Simply put, ethnocentrism is defined as “judging other groups from the perspective of one’s own cultural point of view.” Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is defined as “the view that all beliefs are equally valid and that truth itself is relative, depending on the situation, environment, and individual.” Each of these ideas has found its way into the minds of people worldwide. The difficult part is attempting to understand why an individual portrays one or the other. It is a question that anthropologists have been asking themselves for years.
There are different countries and cultures in the world, and as being claimed by cultural relativists, there is no such thing as “objective truth in morality” (Rachels, 2012). Cultural relativists are the people who believe in the Cultural Ethical Relativism, which declares that different cultures value different thing so common ethical truth does not exist. However, philosopher James Rachels argues against this theory due to its lack of invalidity and soundness. He introduced his Geographical Differences Argument to point out several mistakes in the CER theory. Cultural Ethical Relativism is not totally wrong because it guarantees people not to judge others’ cultures; but, Rachels’ viewpoints make a stronger argument that this theory should not be taken so far even though he does not reject it eventually.
Nearly all of mankind, at one point or another, spends a lot of time focusing on the question of how one can live a good human life. This question is approached in various ways and a variety of perspectives rise as a result. There are various ways to actually seek the necessary elements of a good human life. Some seek it through the reading of classic, contemporary, theological and philosophical texts while others seek it through experiences and lessons passed down from generations. As a result of this, beliefs on what is morally right and wrong, and if they have some impact on human flourishing, are quite debatable and subjective to ones own perspective. This makes determining morally significant practices or activities actually very difficult.
Cultural relativism also causes a division amongst the various societies because this would imply that we would not be able to come to an agreement when it came to moral decisions. One of Rachel’s main point addresses the justification of Cultural Relativism is invalid because there is an implication of “rights and wrongs are only matters of opinion.” (Sher, 153) Opinion is not equivalent to truth, therefore there is no truth factor as to what is right or wrong. Rachel’s is not completely opposed to Cultural Relativism but simply differentiates the possibilities of what may occur if we were to take Cultural Relativism too seriously, there is likely to be consequences as he has stated. (Sher,154) It would be a flawed system, in where we would think everything in our society was perfect, hence there would be no room for such