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Conflict resolution of interpersonal differences
Conflict resolution of interpersonal differences
Theory of cultural conflict
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Recommended: Conflict resolution of interpersonal differences
‘The more people fail to communicate to each other, the more they develop personal assumptions that could lead to conflict.’ (aipc.com, 16/02/14)
There are many issues which may arise in regard to cross-cultural conflict, from both sides of the interaction. It is acknowledged, for instance, that this writer, like everyone else, has his own preconceptions that will influence how he processes data and behave, and which are primarily due to the ‘accident’ of his cultural up-bringing. These ‘prejudices’ may influence the way he works with others, especially if they go unrecognised by him.
Fortunately, there are known and effective ways to resolve conflict which take cultural considerations into account. Also, such conflict can be reported to and discussed with supervisors, and if necessary, there is further assistance which can be provided. (Open Colleges 2011, p. 54)
Issues that commonly fan the flames of cross-cultural conflict are age, gender, social and political history, cultural history, where the person was born, marital status, the social norms of the milieu in which they grew up - preconceptions, biases, physical, psychological or emotional problems, also sexual mores and religious sensibilities. (legacy.communitydoor.com.au, 14/02/14)
One’s own inculcated preconceptions related to culture, may easily contribute to misunderstandings when working with clients. (For example, having grown up in Australia, a nation considered multicultural, this writer has access to some knowledge about other cultures represented in the region – and some likely erroneous preconceptions, not only regarding cultures encountered, but more so regarding, for instance, Melbourne’s experience of Greek culture, alien to him.
Even within mos...
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...nt to be aware of, and to have addressed these potential obstacles.
By employing appropriate techniques, this writer can more effectively assist people of other cultures. He needs to be aware of the related issues, his own biases and attitudes - not allowing them to influence his counselling - and being aware that if necessary, there are people that can be of assistance or, in extremis, take over responsibility where there is perceived danger to any person. (skillsyouneed.com, 13/02/14).
Works Cited
skillsyouneed.com
legacy.communitydoor.com
aipc.com
Weiten, W., Lloyd, M., Dunn, D. Hammer, E. (2009). Psychology applied to modern life: Adjustment in the 21st century. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
Open Colleges (2011). Student workbook: Work effectively with culturally diverse clients and co-workers. Strawberry hills NSW: Open Colleges Pty Ltd,
The World of Psychology. (2002). A Pearson Education Company. Boston, MA: Samuel Wood & Ellen Green Wood p. 593
Lloyd, Margaret A., Dana S. Dunn, and Elizabeth Y. Hammer. Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century. By Wayne Weiten. 9th ed. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 75-137. Print.
In the article The Clash of Cultures, William Cronon and Richard White delve into “the interrelations between people and their environment,” (11) specifically, between the American Indians and the Europeans and the Americas. The reason Cronon and White wrote this article was, “In part, a result of our current concern with pollution and the exhaustion of valuable natural resources, but it has also proved to be a valuable way of learning more about how people of past generations and different cultures dealt with nature and with one another.” (11)
Weiten, W., Lloyd, Margaret A., Dunn, Dana S., Yost-Hammer, Elizabeth. (2009). Psychology Applied to Modern Life; Adjustment in the 21st Century. (9th ed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
With the potential language barrier, a counselor could also ask an interpreter to mediate with the client during sessions to make sure there is an understanding between the client and the counselor. Multicultural knowledge includes counselors’ understanding of their own worldview, knowledge of cultural groups with whom the counselor works, and recognition of sociopolitical factors that impact diverse clients’ lives. Beliefs and attitudes encompass counselors’ values associated with different cultural groups, their ability to recognize and hold in check stereotypes of different cultural groups, a celebration of diversity, and an awareness of how their biases and negative attitudes can adversely influence counseling relationships (Ivers, 2012). One of the hardest parts about being a counselor is admitting your own biases and stereotyping before counseling others of different cultural ethnicities. Once a counselor understands their own biases and stereotyping towards others, they are better able to catch themselves from letting their biases affect their counseling.
In some countries, seeking medical help for mental health issues is the reasonable thing to do, where other cultures may view it as taboo and believe those matters should be left to religion or the family. Another vital aspect of multicultural counseling is the relationship between the therapist and counselee. It is essential that both parties are aware of the existing cultural differences. As a professional counselor, I will continue to educate myself properly, so as to give the best counsel by building trust and rapport. A few other aspects to keep in mind is learning to become culturally sensitive to communication and steering clear of trigger words or speech that the client may find offensive. Also, being aware of spatial distance is necessary. Some cultures prefer close contact and others may find too close of a distance
Abigail, R. A., & Cahn, D. D. (2011). Managing conflict through communication. 4th Ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
When one encounters a culture that has little in common with own, one may experience culture shock. This is a sense of confusion, anxiety, stress and loss one may experience. One of the barriers in effective intercultural communication is ethnocentrism. It stems from a conviction that one’s own cultural traditions and assumptions are superior to those of others. It leads to a tendency to look the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture. It is one of the fastest ways to create a barrier that inhibits, rather than enhances communication (Jandt, 2012).
This report will address three fundamental themes of intercultural comm-unication: stereotyping, discrimination, prejudice, essentialism, and their func-tions in every day life, relativism and ethnocentrism as a role in worldview, and the rapid increase in cultural diversification around the world. Gender and sexuality are not deemed relevant to the case at hand, and will not be exam-ined in this report.
Cultural creativity: This step consists of creating a synergistic solution including people from different cultures. After analyzing the situation, my suggested solution is to encourage mutual respect within the whole team and specifically the two members of the conflict. To encourage mutual respect I would first dialogue with the two parts involved to discuss our cultures, differences, and similarities my intention with this exercise is to create cultural awareness, get to know each other and break stereotypes and prejudice. Second, communicate ground rules, it is imperative to let them know that disrespect and discrimination it is not tolerated at all, Third, explaining to them why it is important to create a common ground. Suggest some behaviors, for instance, be cordial, but respect each other’s personal
Nevid, J.S., & Rathus, S.A. (2005). Psychology and the challenges of life: Adjustment in the new millenium (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Any negotiation challenges the parties involved in a variety of ways, but parties with conflicting interests face important additional difficulties when attempting to negotiate an agreement across culture lines. Not only will the difficulties arising from the known similarities and differences of opinion be more pronounced, but also unsuspected factors could easily enter the picture and condition perceptions of the situation. In cross-cultural negotiations, a reasonable second acknowledgment should be that the hidden factors that are always at work are more likely to interfere with reaching an agreement. It is especially important that this acknowledgment be understood to apply not only to the dynamics of interactions across the table, but those of individuals on the same side of the table. [At times, it may be tempting to attribute the outcomes of negotiations to a single variable (such as the culture or the relative power of a country).] The term culture has taken on many different meanings but basically it reflects the shared values. Culture affects negotiations in different ways. In this paper, we are going to discuss the American and Jap...
Many people who go to visit or work in another country suffer some misunderstanding from the local people, because they have a different culture. Different culture will cause disparity points of view about almost everything. In the article, Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks by Laray M. Barna, there are five stumbling blocks mentioned that are seen in a cross-culture communication. These blocks are: language, nonverbal signs and symbols, preconceptions and stereotypes, the tendency to evaluate and high anxiety. Barna wants to use these stumbling blocks to show the common blockades between different cultures. I agree with what she thinks about the language, nonverbal signs and symbols, preconceptions and stereotypes, and the tendency
Humans have been communicating since four million years. On the other hand, the birth of culture is estimated to have taken place about 35,000 years ago. Today, both culture and communication have evolved considerably and have become interdependent of one another, to the point that communication is considered to be a product of culture. Thus, our own culture has a deep impact on our thoughts and behaviors. Since each culture has its distinct aspects, intercultural communication can be the cause of conflict and disorder. There are three main issues which are at the root of the problem of intercultural miscommunication : language as a barrier, cultural diversity and ethnocentrism. I will analyze these three notions in situations in which intercultural communication is frequent such as : the workplace, the classroom and vacation trips.
Weiten, W., & Lloyd, M. A. (2006). Psychology of Applied Modern Life. Canada: Thomson and Wadsworth.