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Essay on rawls theory of justice
Leadership Theories & Approaches (i.e. Transformational Leadership)
John Rawls's principle of justice
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Transformational Leadership Theory (TLT) Transformational leadership, also referred to as (TL) is a theoretical approach that changes the norm of people and social systems. It creates positive and valuable change in its followers with an ultimate goal of transforming them into leaders. In its enhanced form, TL enhances motivation and performance through various its authentic mechanisms. The operations entail connecting the follower with their sense of identity in regard to the mutual interests of an organization. The move challenges followers to own their duties, become inspiring role models, and understand the strongholds and weaknesses of followers. Thus, the leader can align their followers with roles that optimize their performance (Groves …show more content…
Transformational leadership, as a development tool, leaders believe in the philosophy that they only influence followers by practicing what they preach such that followers seek to emulate them. The followers’ needs are prioritized, leaders exhibit high ethical standards and sacrifice their individual gains for them (Sagnak, 2010). Therefore, theses leaders make use their authority to influence followers to strive for the organization’s common goals.
Criticisms of Transformational Leadership
The leadership employs impression management, thereby, lending itself to a moral promotion by leadership. It is hard to e-taught or train on as it combines other various theories. The leaders are capable of manipulating the followers. However, most of them stand a chance of either losing or gaining. Thus, this theory has some disadvantages that can be harmful for a leader’s team or organization.
Inculpation of Transformational
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Understanding the ethics within this relationship, helps individuals gain a better understanding of leadership since some of the fundamental issues in ethics are central leadership issues, as well (Johnson, 2012). These are an individual’s challenges of personal-interest, authenticity, self-discipline, and moral duty associated with duty and the general good. Therefore, leadership and good leadership can be differentiated in the long run.
A leader operating under transformational leadership would employ Rawls’ justice as ethical fairness perspective. Similar to Kant in regard of every human arriving at the principle of common good, Rawls, however, avoids Kant’s theory problems by not offering any justifications for the morally outrageous tasks that could be justified by utilitarian principles. Transformational leadership supports the proposed Rawls’ principles of justice: everyone has to possess equal rights to the most extensive overall system of identical fundamental liberties that are well-matched to a parallel system of liberty for all. Economic and social inequalities are aligned such that they are both attached to positions and offices that are open to everyone under environments of fair equality of opportunity. In addition, both are to find the greatest advantage of the most disadvantaged, unswerving
...selbein and Cohen, “organizations that take the time to teach leadership are far ahead of the competition. By becoming familiar with the transformational leadership approach and combining the four I's, managers can become effective leaders in the business world.” (1999, p. 263). Transformational leadership can be applied in one-on-one or group situations. Using this approach, the manager (leader) and the associates (followers) are “transformed” to enhance job performance and help the organization be more productive and successful. All of these leaders have the attributes mentioned here. History will decide the greater impact they had on society as it is being written every day. Therefore, the qualities of transformational leadership make the essence of transformational management and the key to successful management of transformational organizational changes.
The concept of transformational leadership relies on appropriate leadership approaches for mission success. AFDD 1-1 describes three leadership competencies: person, people/team, organization Effective leaders (tactical level) need to build face-to-face and interpersonal relationships that directly influence behavior and values. Effective leaders (operational level) need to build team dynamics for small groups and squadrons. Effective leaders (strategic level) need to build strategy and provide direction in a broad spectrum.
This model has been used over decades in research to chime in on the importance of knowing the behavior of leader’s and their effect on those who work for them. According to Brymer and Gray (2006), effective transformational leadership ensures a supportive culture and does not require boundaries and guidance. The concept of transformational leadership was created to bring together leaders and those who work for them, which in turn impact those in whom they serve because their personality is viewed in a positive
“..the transformational leader articulates the vision in a clear and appealing manner, explains how to attain the vision, acts confidently and optimistically, expresses confidence in the followers, emphasizes values with symbolic actions, leads by example, and empowers followers to achieve the vision (Yukl, 2002)
Transformational leadership describes a leader moving followers beyond immediate self-interests through idealized influence (charisma), inspiration motivation, intellectual stimulation, or individualized consideration. Transformational leaders are change agents. They influence the mission and objectives to make way for a brighter future for the organization. Followers are motivated to do more than is originally expected because of their feelings of trust and respect for the leader.
In Leadership Theory, Application & Skill Development, transformational leadership is defined as “seeking to change the status quo by articulating to followers the problems in the current system and presenting a compelling vision of what a new organization could be” (Lussier & Achua, 2013, p.331). This theory, in combination with the exercise regimen, CrossFit, is the focus of the book Transformational Leadership and High-Intensity Interval Training by Carol R. Himelhoch, PhD. Himelhoch illustrates a correlation between a leader’s ability to tap into the transformational leadership style and their consistent participation in intense workout sessions. A transformational leadership style benefits from High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) via challenging the participant, which imparts a sense of achievement when they complete a demanding Workout of the Day (WOD). HIIT encourages the individual to push themselves and take risks, not only during the workout, but also in their leadership roles at work.
In this time of transition and uncertainty, research suggests that transformational leadership is highly effective (Straight, 2006). Leadership research has drifted from emphasis on the competence of leaders to “manage change” to the ability to “transform” organizations. Transformational leaders have attributes and behaviors needed to successfully motivate and empower employees. According to Bernard Bass (1990), transformational leadership occurs when a leader transforms, or changes, his or her followers in three important ways that together result in followers trusting the leader, performing behaviors that contribute to the achievement of organizational goals, and being motivated to perform at a high level. Transformational leaders can achieve greater performance by stimulating innovative ways of thinking and transforming follower’s beliefs and aspirations. Maxwell (Maxwell, 2007) articulates that most of the time, influence is more important than formal power or authority. I agree with him. Influence is very important in organizational and co...
According to Yoder-Wise (2015), a leader can be defined as, “an individual who works with others to develop a clear vision of the preferred future and to make that vision happen” (p 35). As employees, we often have our own ideal of a good leader, which may be influenced by experiences and perception of workplace norms. While one’s opinion of an effective leader may vary, there are several recognized leadership theories. The following will focus on the transformational leadership approach.
Transformational leadership is one of the most popular leadership styles. According to Kendrick (2011), “Transformational leadership involves four factors: 1. idealized influence, 2. inspirational motivation, 3. intellectual stimulation, and 4. individual consideration.” These four factors make transformational leadership have an impact on followers. The goal of transformational leadership is to cause a positive change in individuals, help motivate them, and develop a leader within each individual.
This theory shapes followers into future leaders by providing them a freedom to control their behavior, elevates followers’ concerns from physical to psychological needs, and inspires subordinates to consider a group rather than self-interests and communicates designed outcomes to let subordinates perceive changes as wealth while. Transforming leadership has an elevating effect on both sides, leader and the led, because it improves the level of conduct and human interaction.
Bass and Avolio (1990) identified four dimensions of transformational leadership: the first one being idealized influence: hence the degree of inspirational behaviour that causes subordinates to identify with the leader. Secondly, inspirational motivation that encompasses the degree of inspiration subordinates gain from their leader’s vision. Thirdly, intellectual stimulation is the degree to which a leader encourages followers’ creativity. The last dimension, individualized consideration, describes the degree to which the leader coaches and listens to the subordinate. Bass (1985) claimed that transformational leaders are more effective than transactional leadership, as it increases followers’ confidence and causes higher motivation and higher organizational performance accordingly. The positive relation between transformational leadership and OCB has been supported empirically (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Moorman, &
According to (Burns), “transformational leadership can be seen when "leaders and followers make each other to advance to a higher level of moral and motivation." the strength of the vision, transformational leaders are get followers to get their expectations, and motivations to work and achive their goals.
Ethical leadership organizational ethics and socially responsibility are inseparable (Johnson). Leadership is not a inherited gift or family heritage; it is not a degree from an ivy league graduate school. Becoming a leader is an intentional process of growth that must be lived out experientially (Mullane). Ethical leaders demonstrate three distinctive characteristics, knowledge, action and character. Leaders have to have the ability to say “yes” or even “no” to a never ending series of challenges. A leader needs to be able to define their values, character and leadership style. When accepting the role of leadership you become encumbered by ethical issues and concerns. .
Transformational leadership focuses on what the leader can accomplish instead of his personal characteristics and how his relationship with others. This leader “helps to bring about major, positive changes by moving group members beyond their self-interests and toward the good of the group, organization, or society (Dubrin, 2007, p. 84). The essence of this leader is to develop and transform people.
What does it take to be an effective leader? This is something that has been asked many times over the course of human history. Some might say that having a strong personality and a commanding presence is needed in order to be a strong leader. Others might say that someone who stays on top of everything and keeps order is more effective as a leader. Everyone has their own opinion on this subject and in many regards, they are not wrong. Good quality leadership is something that is hard to possess and is not something everyone can do. Leadership is something that has been studied and analyzed many times, and from these studies, many theories have emerged from them. Each of these theories of leadership has their own benefits and can be useful