Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Cost analysis in managerial decision making
Direct cost and indirect cost in economics
Direct cost and indirect cost in economics
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Cost analysis in managerial decision making
Costs, Profits and Break-even Analysis
Alas, this means coming to terms with numbers, something that seems to
frighten a large proportion of Business Studies students. Before
reaching the stage of actually drawing a break-even diagram we need to
think what actually goes into one. First, we need to look at costs.
They can be referred to in terms of output, time or product. When we
speak of costs in terms of output and time we mean FIXED and VARIABLE
costs. Remember fixed costs do not vary with output, whilst variable
do. The TOTAL costs of a firm are its fixed and variable costs added
together. We also need to remember that we borrow something from
economists when we introduce time to the calculation. By this I mean
the dreaded long and short run. Remember that in the short run the
scale of the operation cannot be changed and any expansion in output
has to come from what spare capacity may be available. In the long run
the entire scale of the operation can be altered. Quite literally the
company can open a new factory to meet the increase in demand for its
products.
When looking at the actual product we need to remember that the costs
we must now calculate are the DIRECT and INDIRECT costs. Some people
prefer to call indirect costs overheads. Direct costs involve all the
costs that can be directly related to the product or service. An
example of this would be the materials needed to make a specific
product. Indirect costs are those which cannot be directly allocated
to a specific product or service. This might be the postage or
telephone costs, which cannot normally be allocated to just one
product or service. When we add the direct and indirect costs together
we get what are known as the Total costs for the product or service.
We also need to make certain that we understand what is meant by the
term profit. What comes into the business via sales is the revenue and
what goes out are the costs.
Table C projects the break even analysis in both units and dollars as a basis for further projections. As seen in Table C substantially larger sales are required to break even.
The series “High Profits” demonstrates the works and restrictions of the United States government regarding the issue of legalizing recreational marijuana. Breckenridge Cannabis Club business owners, Caitlin Mcguire and Brian Rogers, demonstrate both the struggles and profits of this up and coming industry. This series portrays virtually every viewpoint possible by including opinions from an array of political actors who discuss the influence of the government on this topic and the impact this topic has on the general public.
e. In general, products that are expensive to produce tend to have higher selling prices than those that are cheaper to produce. By calculating $ 8 - ($4,000 / 1,500) = $ 5.33, it is clear that to keep the same price for all units, there will be a need to reduce the selection of the 15 types currently available to a reduced number which would include only those with an average variable cost less than $5.33.
Opting for coverage by a registered health spending account (RHSA) allows employees to choose the benefits that most benefit them. Health insurance covers only a certain number of services, which may not help everyone. Health spending accounts also aid employers financially as they allow them to save money. Instead of needing to pay for typical health benefits, a certain amount of money can be distributed to employees by means of an RHSA, which employees can then use as they please.
If done right, I believe that all of the costs can be allocated to each of the three products through both direct and overhead costs. The only direct costs that are being included currently are labor and manufacturing costs. I broke up overhead into overhead based off direct labor and overhead based on units sold.
Product costs become part of the cost of Finished Goods, which flows to Cost of Goods Sold. Sales and administrative costs are treated as Period costs against related revenue for the same time period, one year in this case (Wyzant).
Cost can be divided into fixed and variable and by considering into fact that fixed and variable cost can be unarguably split into two, even though they behave differently based on the level of sales of volumes. Since, cost is used in every field to determine the price of an item and the unit sold. Two of the main components of cost are fixed and variable cost and is used to differentiate between the costs that have no direct correlation to business and those that do.
The four techniques used for analyzing the costs and benefits of a proposed system is break-even analysis, payback analysis, cash-flow analysis, and present value analysis. Break-even analysis is a supply-side analysis. Only the costs of the sales is analyze with break-even. It does not analyze how demand may be affected at different price levels. A strength of break-even analysis it’s relatively simple concept and the formula can be easily understood and used by most people. Another strength is that it provides vital information when making a decision. Weaknesses of break-even analysis is it assumes that all output will be sold. It is difficult to apply break-even analysis when a company sells more than one product. Break-even cannot show what will definitely happen. The payback analysis method is the simplest analysis method to use when looking at one or more major project options. It tells you how long it will takes to earn back the money you will spend on the project. Payback analysis helps you decide you whether or not you should undertake the project. The biggest strength of the payback method is that it is simple. The payback analysis method is used to make quick evaluations of projects. Weaknesses of the payback method is that the method ignores the time value of money. The payback analysis method does not consider cash inflows from a project that may occur after the initial investment has been recovered. A cash flow analysis is a listing of the flows of cash into and out of the project. This is like your checking account at your bank. Deposits are the cash inflows and withdrawals are the cash outflows. The balance in your checking account is your net cash flow at a specific point in time...
Every company has some kind of Revenue and they all have costs that are associated with running the company. It is also true that if a company wants to increase their Revenue, their costs will increase too. It is every company’s goal to maximize revenue and either through Production or Services, and minimize cost. These things are easy to figure out, but actually identifying the production and figuring out how it will increase or decrease with change is very difficult.
For example: with the increase of the number of products produced, the cost of operating a machine also increase. Second we have batch level costs which is associated with batches; producing a multiple units of the same product that are processed together is called a batch. The third type is product level costs which arise from any activity in order to support the production of products. The fourth and the last type is facility level costs, this costs cannot be determined with a particular unit, product or batch; this costs are fixed with respect to batches, products and number of units produced. A single measure of volume is used for allocating costs to each service or product in traditional method for example: direct material cost, machine hours, direct labor cost and direct labor hours. A cost driver is an activity that generate costs, it can be generated by two types of costs the first is a particular machine 's running costs where the costs is driven by production volume as machine hours; the second is quality inspection costs where the cost is driven by the number of times the relevant activity occurs as the number of
Cost accounting system has two types, job order costing, and process cost system. These two cost systems are very different, almost every company uses order costing or process costing. Starbucks, is a coffee shop where citizens congregate to drink there morning coffee, study, and or socialize. Starbucks is one of the oldest and largest privately held specialty coffee retailer in the United States. (Starbucks) Their passion is to discover the flavors you love and always bring it home, delivering the look, taste and aroma of the world’s best coffee and teas. Job order costing is a very easy way in order to help Starbucks managers to know how much profit their company (Starbucks) made.
These costs are on account with a specific work package. Direct costs are attributed to efforts made by the project manager, project team, and folks executing the work package. These costs signify actual outflow and are compensated as the project evolves. Examples of direct costs are labor, equipment, materials, and other (Gray & Larson, 2005).
The second way is to achieve low direct and indirect operating costs is gained by offering high volumes of standard products and offering basic no-frills products. Production costs are kept low by using less parts and using standard components. Limiting the number of models produced to ensure larger producti...
The statement of profit or loss is also known as income statement and it’s equation is revenue minus expenses equals profit or loss. The statement of profit or loss summarize the revenues and expenses of a business and also shown the ability of a business to generated business. The total profit or loss that generated in an organization during an accounting period can be seen through the income statement. For example, if the expenses of the company are higher than revenues, the company will get a loss in the business. However, the company will generate a profit when the revenues are greater than the
“For example, if the organisation decide to expand, fixed costs will definitely increase. Sometimes, organisations decide to reduce certain fixed costs to improve their cash flow, by moving to a less expensive workplace or reducing the number of employees”.