Coonawarra is the oldest vineyard in Limestone Coast. In 1890, the first vines were planted in Coonawarra. The entrepreneur John Riddoch starts the Penola Fruit Colony which John Riddoch changed the name to Coonawarra Fruit Colony was producing large quantities of an unfamiliar kind of wine. The main grape that produced were Shiraz, Carbernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Chardonnay. In 1897, Riddoch cellars was the first vintage that had made and the building now named as the Wynns winery. Other entrepreneur which are Redman and Brand families, Lindemans and Mildara realize the potential of Coonawarra wines. In 1900 to 1970 they had planted Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvigon, Chardonnay and Riesling.
5.3.2 Introduction of Coonawarra
Coonawarra producing Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz those are Australia’s best red wine. The wines that produced in this region full of character and finesse. The famous soil in Coonawarra in Australia is terra rossa. There are limestone combine with the terra rossa. At Coonawarra there have a cool weather. The word of Coonawarra is from the Aboriginal word which mean ‘honeysuckle’.
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5.3.3 Location of Coonawarra Figure 5.3.3.1 The map of the Coonawarra.
Coonawarra is located at South Australia’s south east corner and it is around 380km from Adelaide. There are five premium quality wine regions that constitute the Limestone Coast zone and Coonawarra is one of it. Another four regions are Mount Benson, Padthaway, Robe and Wrattonnully. The latitude of the Coonawarra is 37ᵒ18’S and altitude is 60m.
5.3.4 Temperature and Climate of
Coonawarra Figure 5.3.4.1 The graph of the rainfall and temperature at Coonawarra. For the climate at Coonawarra when the spring climate it is cool and next will be mild-dry summers, long cool autumns and also cold wet winters. During winters the temperature is around 13.8ᵒC – 14.8ᵒC and during summer it is 24.7ᵒC – 27.3ᵒC. The high quality fruit is ripening and produced because of the optimal temperatures and the sunshine hours at Coonawarra. There are 222mm rainfall during this region’s growing season which is on October to April and the average rainfall is around 640mm. The harvest time for this region is early March to early May. Coonawarra that located at the latitude of 37ᵒ South can provide very warm ripening periods and produce more good quality wines grapes. 5.3.5 Type of soil in Coonawarra Figure 5.3.5.1 The famous soil which name as Terra Rossa. Limestone Coast have grow many of the vineyards and usually associated with the red soils which know as terra rossa, it mean ‘red earth’. Terra rossa color very famous in Coonawarra. The long cigar shape strip of the soil is the shape of the Terra Rossa which is 15km long and 2km wide. The Terra rossa soils very suitable for the grape growing. The wines grapes that ripening in Coonawarra is suitablefor making the premium wines. Other vineyard areas on Limestone Coast is different with the Conawarra soils because it is thin, continuous shape and the color of the soils is red. It is more special compare to other areas. 5.3.6 Variety of grapes in Coonawarra Shiraz Figure 5.3.6.1 The wines grapes that name as Shiraz. Shiraz planted in Coonawarra. Conawarra are most planted red grape. Shiraz is a type of grapes that full-flavored grape and it produced strong, sturdy wines for deep purple color and it also capable of aging for many years. During warmer climates the grapes will provide a lot of tannins but it still can retaining enough acidity to keep the wines tasting fresh. Shiraz have a hint of peppery spiciness. Cabernet Sauvignon Figure 5.3.6.2 The wine grapes that name as Cabernet Sauvignon. Cabernet Sauvignon only viable in warmish climate. Cabernet Sauvignon is in very small size, medium to high acidity and violent the black currant aromas and the high levels of tannin can be masked for the flavor. At its worst, it may produce to be harsh which from tannin , sour from the acidity, very dry and also strongly flavored. Merlot Figure 5.3.6.3 The wines grapes that name as Merlot. Merlot is easier to ripen compare to Cabernet Sauvignon in cooler vintages. Merlot’s size is slightly bigger berries, more juice and thinner skins which mean that this grapes produce lower tannin levels and lower acid levels. The wines that using Merlot to produce will be more softer, smoother, fruitier and also more accessible wine compare to Cabernet Sauvignon. Chardonnay Figure 5.3.6.4 The wines grapes that name as Chardonnay. Chardonnay can produce good quality of white wines in Australia. It also become the world’s best known white wine grape. The Chardonnay will retain the acidity to keep the wine tasting fresh and balance the ripe apple flavors that are the benchmark of this grapes during it grown in a beneficial and cool climate. Chardonnay can be grown and ripened without any difficulty almost everywhere. Chardonnay its own does not have a strong flavor so this is one of the reason why it respond very well of barrel fermentation or oak ageing. If the grapes are made or aged in oak barrels and they are from a warmer climate or it will becomes more noticeable. 5.3.7 Famous wine in Coonawarra Figure 5.3.7.1 The variety of famous wine in Coonawarra. The famous wines brand in Coonawarra are Katnnok Estate, Wynns Coonawarra Estate, Brands Laira and more. The famous red wine that produced from Coonawarra are Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. White wine are Chardonnay. The Wynns produce a lot of Shiraz such as Wynns Shiraz, Wyns Black Label Shiraz, Wynns Michael Shiraz and others. The wine had a rich varietal of plum, spice and pepper flavor. The color of the Cabernet Sauvignon wine that produced in Coonawarra are deep inky red and it is a medium bodied aromatic wine.
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