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The Influence of African Americans on Music
History of NEGRO SPIRITUALS summary
The Influence of African Americans on Music
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1. Spirituals: African American spirituals are a key contribution to the creation of the initial genre of jazz. African Americans used spirituals during the earliest turmoil of slavery. These spirituals were used as songs to sing during labor and an initial way of communication for the Underground Railroad. These African American folk sounds mixed with gospel hymns were sun fused with instruments such as the harmonicas, banjos, and other instruments that could primarily be found. This initial form of the music started to separate itself from the gospel rendition. This mixture of different styles of music fused and gave birth to such things as minstrel shows, ragtime, and other forms of music. The most important that spirituals truly helped develop, was Jazz. Spirituals were the first true form of Negro expression in the form of music. Marshall W. Steams, Professor of English Literature at Hunter College states that “The spiritual was created out of nowhere by a sort of spontaneous combustion of Negro’s genius” (125). This mixture of hymns and instrumental instruction took form into one of the most versatile genres known to date, Jazz. 2. Marching Bands: Brass Bands spread through out the area of New Orleans making this the birthplace of this original sound. Many would gather just to hear the smooth melodies that these bands had to play. Many bands were composed of such talented artist that eventually went on to make their own music. These musicians went on to play their distinct instruments in such a profound way that spoke to the soul. They played melodies and added vocals to speak on certain things within this time. Hence the birth of early jazz. Marching Bands take origin from as far back as the Civil War. During this time ... ... middle of paper ... ...his high fly exciting time in history is known as one of the better times in African American History. Ragtime was cheerful and a upbeat type of music, nothing like no one ever heard before. Ragtime and the Blues are considered to be the maternities of Jazz. Blues and Ragtime were the fore competitors of Jazz in closely corresponding periods introducing the idea of syncopation. Syncopation is the dislodgment of a common recurrent intonation away from a robust beat onto a weak beat. Introducing the idea of syncopation and the bringing together of European and African American traditions. Ragtime was a balanced blend of all type of music, but jazz is what it truly inspired. Works Cited Stearns, Marshall Winslow. The Story of Jazz. New York: Oxford UP, 1956. Print. Stephans, Michael. Experiencing Jazz: A Listener's Companion. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2013. Print.
In New Orleans, where the jazz music started, music was not a luxury, it was a necessity. Ethnicities represented in New Orleans were as follows: French, Spanish, and African, Italian, German, and Irish (Herbert Asbury, 1938). This unique combination provided a unique mix of cultural influences which gave birth to such unique styles of music: ragtime, blues, spirituals, marches, and of course jazz. The workers needed the music as a way of communication, relief, and hope for freedom, during the mind-numbing labor.
By the end of World War I, Black Americans were facing their lowest point in history since slavery. Most of the blacks migrated to the northern states such as New York and Chicago. It was in New York where the “Harlem Renaissance” was born. This movement with jazz was used to rid of the restraints held against African Americans. One of the main reasons that jazz was so popular was that it allowed the performer to create the rhythm. With This in Mind performers realized that there could no...
Jazz was introduced directly after World War I by African-Americans (Boundless.com par. 1). Although jazz was composed by many different African-Americans the main founder of jazz was Ethel Waters (McCorkle par. 8). Jazz was first played in New Orleans, but as the African-Americans moved north, white citizens caught on and tuned jazz into a new craze (Lindop 107). Even though jazz was created in New Orleans, Chicago became the home of jazz music (Bingham 8). The first jazz players derived the tune from a mixture of Latin American, African, and European rhythms, making it very popular among many different types of people (“Latin Jazz” par. 1). Jazz was so well-liked because it gave the artists the opportunity to make the predetermined tune their own (“What is jazz par. 1). When listening to jazz the same song is never heard twice because the band members each put their own spin on the way they play their instrumen...
Since the first emergence of Jazz in the late 19th century, new styles and versions of the genre have been popping up in various locations across the world. Jazz first appeared in New Orleans. This is because New Orleans was one of the only places in the world that allowed the slaves there to play musical instruments, most importantly the drums. People in New Orleans of all social groups attended VooDoo rituals, which was where European horns met African drums. The two sounds joining together was “like lightning meeting thunder”. The locals then put the two styles together and used music they heard in churches or in barrooms for inspiration, thus creating an entirely new style of music; Jazz.
“If you don’t feel it, you’ll never know it” – Louis Armstrong. Different kinds of music have been heard throughout centuries and the ever-changing sounds of music continue to appease mass audiences today and do not seem to slow down in sight. One type of genre that emerged in this case was the improvisation of black, white, and Creole musicians in New Orleans of what became known as Jazz. Jazz, which had international connections from Africa and European-derived music, emerged somewhere between 1890 and 1935 as a wide-ranging form of black expression of arts in the community, consisting of the blues and works of the spirituals. It eventually spread to other urban cities such as Chicago and New York, where similar styles were played, establishing Jazz as a popular genre in the United States. Jazz’s increase in popularity was correlated with the increase in black Southerners. Due to its increasing popularity, Jazz was received positively and gained mainstream attention as a form of music, while consisting of disparate styles. Notable and influential Jazz musicians like Louis Armstrong helped Jazz receive national attention. Different styles blended to the Jazz music. Due to its strong foundation and composition, it survived today.
Jazz music prospered in the 1940’s and 1950’s. Jazz was created by African Americans to represent pain and suffering and also represented the adversity that racial tension brought. (Scholastic) African American performers like Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie “Bird” Parker came to be recognized for their ability to overcome “race relati...
The origins of African American religious music are directly linked to the Negro spirituals of enslaved Africans. One cannot research religious music of blacks in this country without first exploring these spirituals. The spirituals were part of a religious expression that enslaved people used to transcend the narrow limits and dehumanizing effects of slavery. It was through the performance of the spirituals that the individual and the community experienced their God, a God who affirmed their humanity in ways whites did not and a God who could set them free both spiritually and physically. These “sacred songs” were also used as secret communication. That is not to say that all spirituals functioned as coded protest songs or as some sort of secret language. The structure of the spirituals and the way in which they were created and performed allowed for flexibility in their function and meaning.
Jazz is referred as “America’s classical music,” and is one of North America’s and most celebrated genres. The history of Jazz can be traced back to the early era of the 20th century of the U.S. “A History of Jazz” presents From Ragtime and Blues to Big Band and Bebop, jazz has been a part of a proud African American tradition for over 100 years. A strong rhythmic under-structure, blue notes, solos, “call-and response” patterns, and
In “The Fish” by Elizabeth Bishop, the narrator attempts to understand the relationship between humans and nature and finds herself concluding that they are intertwined due to humans’ underlying need to take away from nature, whether through the act of poetic imagination or through the exploitation and contamination of nature. Bishop’s view of nature changes from one where it is an unknown, mysterious, and fearful presence that is antagonistic, to one that characterizes nature as being resilient when faced against harm and often victimized by people. Mary Oliver’s poem also titled “The Fish” offers a response to Bishop’s idea that people are harming nature, by providing another reason as to why people are harming nature, which is due to how people are unable to view nature as something that exists and goes beyond the purpose of serving human needs and offers a different interpretation of the relationship between man and nature. Oliver believes that nature serves as subsidence for humans, both physically and spiritually. Unlike Bishop who finds peace through understanding her role in nature’s plight and acceptance at the merging between the natural and human worlds, Oliver finds that through the literal act of consuming nature can she obtain a form of empowerment that allows her to become one with nature.
Although New Orleans is known as the birthplace of jazz, it was taken to the next level during the Harlem Renaissance by artists such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington and Bessie Smith. Being born and raised in New Orleans music, particularly jazz, is part of my heritage, my culture. In New Orleans, jazz is sort of a way to express what can’t be put into words. Growing up I remember attending jazz funerals with my grandmother. Jazz funerals, performed by brass bands, are a way of celebrating or remembering the deceased through music to release their spirits; the music starts slow and gradually becomes upbeat forming a style of jazz mostly performed at second
“I always thought that music had no boundaries, no limits to where it could grow and go, no restrictions its creativity. Good musicians no matter what kind of music it is. And I always hated categories. Always. Never thought it had any place in music.”(Davis 230) Jazz music is a art form that the first jazz musicians used to step out of the racist frame. Jazz singers strive to inspire people with their gospel tones but were often criticized for their truthful lyrics. Artists like Louis Armstrong , Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie and Miles Davis are just a few that have been noticed for their works although all of the jazz artists throughout the jazz age should take credit for the historical civil rights movement. The popularity of jazz music in the twentieth century helped to progress the civil rights movement, challenged segregation laws and created a lasting American art form.
New Orleans was the center of many different ethnicities, such as French, Spanish, American, and African American, which resulted in a city with a unique blend of individuals. New Orleans became a significant center of culture in the mid to late 1800’s. It is believed that jazz was largely influenced from African slaves who were brought over in the 1800’s, who did not have their native instruments, had to make due with what they could find in their new home of the southern United States. On arrival in America, they were exposed to western musical styles that include harmonies, tonal sounds, along with unique beats and rhythms. This resulted in a raw version of what we know as Jazz.
Later on, when the black people started to have some civil rights, jazz bands were starting to merge and the first bands were created around in New Orleans at the early 20th century. The bands included instruments as trumpets, clarinets, trombones, tubas, banjos and drums. Jazz started to grow popular and a string bass or a piano was also found in the new bands. As the jazz grew more popular, it also started to appear new styles of jazz and the “swing” jazz were made. In the original jazz, there were only a few instruments played at the same time. But in the new jazz there were lots of instruments playing at the same time creating a more organized feeling. The “swing” jazz was way more popular and it was common to dance to swing jazz. The swing jazz grew popular in the 30's after the wall street crash and depression roamed in America. Since the swing jazz were so easy to dance to, people started to cheer themselves up with dancing. A few more different sorts of jazz have developed throughout the years and left us with the jazz we got toda...
Ironically, it is nearly impossible to find the pinpoint of where jazz got started. Many early types of music, such as: Blues, Afro-Latin Caribbean rhythms, work songs, Protestant church hymns, Jewish songs, silly contemporary tunes, English and Irish dance music, gospel and spiritual, and ragtime, all went into the creation of jazz. A lot of credit goes to the African Americans for the creation of jazz. (Taborelli, Giorgio). “Jazz was born out of the cultural experience of African Americans and can be traced in a direct line to the slave songs of the plantations through the Negro Spirituals, Ragtime, and the Blues”("Jazz Musicians as
Beginning as early as slavery, blacks have impacted music dearly. Jazz, a form of music stemming from gospel, is a form of expression. One famous jazz musician was the trumpet player Miles Davis.