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An essay on the various sampling methods
Sampling methods questions
Analysing newspaper story essay
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This essay will discuss sampling techniques and tabular findings through content analysis, which is one of the unobtrusive measures, to a selection of news articles (n=271) in relation to funding bodies in science gathered from selected elite newspapers in the United Kingdom published between 1985 and 2013. The research questions are: How many and how long news articles are published with regard to research funding bodies in the UK? And Which fields of science is/are focused in those press coverage? The main aim of this study is to investigate popularity of funding bodies through examining how newspapers in the UK have reported about funding agency firstly reported by quality UK newspapers in 1985. Understanding trends through quantitative content analysis of newspaper in respect to research funding institutes is effective to assess development of the field. I presume that the number and length of funding-body-related articles, in particular natural science, has increased during the period because such organizations have developed and played a significant role.
In terms of methodology, the content analysis was traditionally utilized in
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A spread sheet in SPSS constitutes all recording units of the analyzed texts by all the applicable data language, categories and numbers in it cells (Krippendorff, 2004). The data is organized through some variables such as newspaper organization, publication date, word counts of the article, position of the news item and the field of science mentioned in the text. The last one, the field of science, is mainly coded by humanities, social science and natural science. For instance, humanities include art and photograph, social science contains education, economy, religion and sociology. Besides natural science is physics, medicine, chemistry, astronomy, environmental research and so
398).It is also stated that news divisions reduced their costs, and raised the entertainment factor of the broadcasts put on air. (p. 400). Secondly, the media determines its sources for stories by putting the best journalists on the case and assign them to areas where news worthy stories just emanates. (p.400). Third, the media decides how to present the news by taking the most controversial or relevant events and compressing them into 30 second sound-bites. (p.402). finally, the authors also explain how the media affects the general public. The authors’ state “The effect of one news story on public opinion may be trivial but the cumulative effect of dozens of news stories may be important. This shows a direct correlation between public opinions and what the media may find “relevant”. (Edwards, Wattenberg, Lineberry, 2015, p.
The most successful approaches to the public’s acceptance of scientific information are the cues from political leaders, persuasive syntax, the use of narratives, and research into a scientific source’s
Law and Order: SVU (Special Victims Unit) and Bones were the two shows I decided to watch for analyzing content. The reason more than one show was picked was because I wanted a little variety in the information and data I was receiving. Different shows are going to provide different information and provide different data. These two shows covered a wide spectrum of crime shows and would be helpful in providing variety in the data collection process. My topic of choice was gender and how gender roles are portrayed in these television shows. I chose Law and Order: SVU and Bones because they portray two very different versions of crime shows. Law and Order: SVU is a crime show that shows the police side of the crime process. This show deals specifically with the arrest, fact-finding process, and trial process of a crime. It does not deal with the scientific aspect of determining how victims were killed or hurt. Bones in contrast, is not entirely focused on the arrest and trial process but more specifically focuses on the scientific and anthropological aspect of determining facts in a crime scenario. Although the show does have some of the police actions involved, its main focus is on science. In conjunction with this idea, I find these two shows the most enjoyable to watch and was curious about how they portrayed gender roles. The question was whether they would be similar or not.
The Chernobyl meltdown was one the biggest meltdowns of the decade, the implications of Chernobyl didn’t just resonate in Russia, but the uranium contamination was found all across Europe. Sheep farmers from North Cumbria were affected by the radiation contamination. After the contamination, scientists came to help the farmers who were affected. Our presentation on the article also discussed the broader implications for the public understanding of science and how the deficit model failed in the article. The deficit model was used to discuss the problems with science and the lay people. The public’s negative attitude towards science is because of their ignorance towards it and the remedy was to dumb down the information to the lay people. This article discusses how both science and the lay people were misunderstanding each other. This was through miscommunication and standard view of the public understanding of science which lead to people to initially trust everything the scientists would say.
Newspapers are great for people who are interested in what is happening in a community. They provide, “information about the who, what, when, where, and how events in the past” (59). In addition to the providing of information, newspapers also can be the cause of mood changes in a community. Even though they can not imform the public on a readers thoughts, “ they can tell us what information and opinion readers were being exposed to, and circulation figures can indicate the populatity of
The articles, published after 1996, contain varied methods of research attainment, but share similarities such as being a self-survey, having a small sample size, and being
Thematic analysis is espoused to be the foundational approach to qualitative analysis and methods (Saunders et al., 2016 as stated in Braun and Clarke, 2006: 78) and it is a useful method used to identify and analyse the order and patterns of qualitative data (Attride-Stirling, 2001). Qualitative research method depicts the correlation that exists between data and events, creating the pictorial representation of what one thinks a given data says (Saunders et al., 2016). They also opined that, qualitative data analysis is cogent, interactive and iterative. Also, Joana and Jill (2011) and Saunders et al (2016) postulate that, qualitative research brings meanings from words and images as opposed to numbers. However, despite its robustness and rigour of its application, it is skewed more to the interpretivist ideologies since researchers draw conclusion from participants and the hypothesis being forecasted (Joana and Jill, 2011; Saunders et al., 2016).
...ce of news frames and science background on attributions about embryonic and adult stem cell research frames as heuristic/biasing cues. Science Communication, 35(1), 86–114. doi:10.1177/1075547012440517
...ific arguments. Second, because of their willingness to contact their representatives and make their voices heard, special interest groups target members of the attentive public, providing all the more reason that they be well informed on public policy issues (see Miller, 1983). To this end, one only needs to look at the staggeringly low numbers for evolutionary literacy in the United States, or the recent spike in measles and meningitis brought about by the scientifically unfounded anti-vaccination movement for an example of the damage scientific illiteracy has on the larger society. In this context, it is evident that higher levels of scientific literacy would tend to increase support for science and provide the public with a more realistic expectation of science and its capabilities.
Urwick, L. F. and E. F. L. Brech (1966). The making of scientific management: Pitman.
Now within the rest of this paper you will be finding a few different things getting discussed. Staring it off we will be discussing the articles that we have found to make our arguments and hypotheses. After wrapping up the literature reviews we will be discussing the hypotheses thus continuing onto our variables and indicators. Once we discuss our hypotheses we will be moving onto the research design. The research design will have our general issues, sampling, and methods.
My two articles I have chosen to compare are from the ‘The Sun’ and ‘The Times’. They are about a man who has kidnapped an eight-year-old girl, Sarah Payne. The police have recently issued an e-fit picture of the kidnapper to the media. The two newspapers present the story in different ways, therefore, both newspapers have to be attractive to sell well. To be ‘eye-catching’ the layout of the article is very important. ‘The Sun’ has used the e-fit picture of the kidnapper on the front-page, which takes up 75% of the page. However, this is very helpful because even if the paper does not sell the customers will see the e-fit picture. There is a single column along side the picture which is headed by ‘Sarah Payne’, who has been kidnapped. The picture of the kidnapper is very sincere and the man is unshaven making him look evil and scary. The headline is also bold and eye-catching because the black background illuminates the white headline. The headline is put in the form ‘one word, one line’ to make it sound like an instruction:
The entire newspaper industry is in a period of uncertainty, including the nations top performing newspapers. USA Today is among the best newspapers, yet the company is struggling to maintain readership. In a world where consumers have information available to them at the click of a button, USA Today has attempted to keep up with new trends in information consumption (Ferrell & Hartline, 2011).
Allaoui, S & Beaudry, C 2012, 'Impact of public and private research funding on scientific production: the case of nanotechnology ', Research Policy, vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 1589-1606.