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Effects of terrorism that changes the united states
The impact of September 11, 2001
The impact of September 11, 2001
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The terrorist attacks of September 11 led to a lot of pressure from the public to find those responsible and bring them to “justice”. In order to do so, President Bush declared a war on terrorism just a few days after the attacks, but little did he know that this very decision would also bring devastating consequences to many countries. Over time, people have been losing faith in the war and in its purpose. Consequently, countries whose economies have fallen under the Military Industrial Complex have manufactured a societal fear against Muslims and jihadists. As a result, they are now being stigmatized and portrayed as the enemies of democracy, and of the United States in particular. To make matter worse, it has driven western countries to implement many extreme security measures that undermine the democratic principles they are attempting to spread over the world. The war on terrorism has had many negative consequences on modern society, which include a legitimization crisis of democracy, mainly in the U.S, and the manufacturing of moral panics over security risks that have led to the criminalization and stigmatization of the Arab world.
Chomsky and the Heritage Society take opposing views on the issue of the war on terror. Noam Chomsky argues in the article ““Looking Back on 9/11: Was there an Alternative” that by rushing into this war, the U.S just fell into bin-Laden’s trap of forcing them to engage in many expensive wars that would drive them to bankruptcy (Chomsky). Whereas as the in the article titled ““A Counterterrorism Strategy for the "Next Wave"”, the Heritage Society disputes that the war and the negative effects of it are justifiable because it is for the greater good, it is to prevent terrorism. They insist on spe...
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...r’ Became Everyone’s Islamophobia and the Impact of September 11 on the Political Terrain of South and Southeast Asia.” HUMAN ARCHITECTURE: JOURNAL OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF SELF-KNOWLEDGE 1 (2006): 20-50.
Piazza, James and James Igoe Walsh. “Physical Integrity Rights and Terrorism.” Terrorism and Human Rights (2010).
Simon, Johnathan. “Power, Authority, and Criminal Law.” Simon, Johnathan. Governing Through Crime : How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear. Oxford University Press, 2007. 341.
The Heritage Foundation. “A Counterterrorism Strategy for the “Next Wave”.” The Heritage Society, 2011.
Walklate, Sandra and Gabe Mythen. “How Scared are We?” British Journal of Criminology (2007).
Welch, Michael. “Trampling Human Rights in the War on Terror: Implications to the Sociology of Denial.” Critical Criminology (2004).
Reynolds, Larry. “Patriot and Criminals, Criminal and Patriots.” South Central Review. Vol 9, No. 1.
A review of Timothy McVeigh and the bombing of the Alfred P Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City reveal that McVeigh grew up the All-American boy, who grew increasingly dissatisfied with the level of governmental control of individual’s freedoms and constitutional rights specifically the Second Amendment which afforded citizens the right to bear arms. A known gun collector and survivalist, McVeigh taking direction from the novel “The Turner Diaries” grew more paranoid in his perception of the government’s stance on gun control and the anti-semitic views expressed by the novel’s neo-Nazi author William Pierce who wrote of race wars and the bombing of a federal building. (BIO).
Messner, Steven F., Eric P. Baumer, and Richard Rosenfeld. 2006. “Distrust of Government, the Vigilante Tradition, and Support for Capital Punishment.” Law & Society Review 40: 559-586.
This historical study will compare and contrast the depiction of the “War on Terror” in a pro-government and anti-government plot structures found in Zero Dark Thirty (2012) by Kathryn Bigelow and The Siege (1998) by Edward Zwick. The pro-government view of Zero Dark Thirty defines the use of CIA agents and military operatives to track down Osama Bin Laden in the 2000s. Bigelow appears to validate the use of torture and interrogation as a means in which to extract information in the hunt for Bin Laden. In contrast this depiction of terrorism, Zwick’s film The Siege exposes the damage that torture, kidnapping, and
Jacoby can be easily perceived as an upset and alarmed individual who blames the rise of criminal activity in the United States on the failure of the criminal justice system. He cares about people and believes that the safety of individuals is decreasing because criminals are not punished effectively by imprisonment and that some even receive a “sign of manhood” from going to prison (197). Additionally, he is upset that the ineffective system is so expensive. His concern for his audience’s safety and his carefully argued grounds, which he uses to support his claim, create a persona of an intelligent person of
Wilson, James Q. "Crime and Justice." JSTOR. The University of Chicago Press, 1990. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. .
In today’s society the word “terrorism” has gone global. We see this term on television, in magazines and even from other people speaking of it. In their essay “Controlling Irrational Fears After 9/11”, published in 2002, Clark R. Chapman and Alan W. Harris argue that the reaction of the American officials, people and the media after the attacks of 9/11 was completely irrational due to the simple fact of fear. Chapman and Harris jump right into dismembering the irrational argument, often experienced with relationships and our personal analysis. They express how this argument came about from the terrorist being able to succeed in “achieving one major goal, which was spreading fear” among the American people (Chapman & Harris, para.1). The supporters of the irrational reaction argument state that because “Americans unwittingly cooperated with the terrorist in achieving the major goal”, the result was a widespread of disrupted lives of the Americans and if this reaction had been more rational then there would have been “less disruption in the lives of our citizens” (Chapman & Harris, para. 1).
Pollock, J. M. (2012). Crime and justice in America: An introduction to criminal justice (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
...ontroversial Issues in Crime and Criminology. New York: Dushkin Publishing Group Inc. Schonebaum, Stephen E., ed. 1998. Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime? San Diego: Greenhaven Press Inc.
In the article “Is Terrorism Distinctively Wrong?”, Lionel K. McPherson criticizes the dominant view that terrorism is absolutely and unconditionally wrong. He argues terrorism is not distinctively wrong compared to conventional war. However, I claim that terrorism is necessarily wrong.
Rothe, D. & Muzzatti, S.L. 2004. Enemies everywhere: Terrorism, moral panic and US civil society. Critical Criminology. 1(12): 327–350.
The War on Terror was a campaign instigated by the United States as a result of the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks on the USA and is on-going. The international military campaign was joined by many nations including Great Britain to eradicate the threat of global terrorism, Al-Qaeda and other radical organizations. The term ‘The War on Terror’ was first coined by George Bush in a speech on 20th September and since been used largely by the Western media to denote the battle to find and defeat the terrorists culpable for the attacks on the World Trade Towers now known as 9/11. 9/11 has been considered a symbolic attack on the west and in uniting the people of USA in particular against a common enemy; it generated a strong sense of nationalism. Nacos states, ‘…watching television, listening to radio, reading the newspaper, going online gave them the feeling of doing something, of being part of a national tragedy.’ This demonstrates the unity of the American people after in response to such a tragedy. Though also regarded an international event whose scope was far-reaching as more than 90 countries lost citizens in the attacks on the World Trade Centre, the September 11th attacks signalled a powerful patriotic response from the USA.
Islamophobia has become a new topic of interest among social sciences, political leaders and media commentators. People amongst society have developed this phobia towards Islamic religion and people. It has become a novel “form of racism in Europe and American based on discrimination ...
Magno, A., (2001) Human Rights in Times of Conflict: Humanitarian Intervention . Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, 2 (5). [online] Available from: [Accessed 2 March 2011]
A poll that was conducted by the YouGov found that “on average, 55 percent of those it surveyed held an ‘unfavorable’ opinion of Islam” reported by Elizabeth Whitman on her article on “What is Islamophobia?”. Islamophobia is a recently added term that is defined as the fear of any Islamic activities and their practitioners. There is clear evidence of the influences from Islamophobia especially in the US. After the 9/11 attack, controversies during the 2008 elections of building mosques near the attack site, and more recently the Paris Terrorist Attack, Islamophobia had spiked up viscously. According to recent studies by the FBI, the hate crime incidents from “Anti- Black”, “Anti-Jewish”, and “Anti-Gay” had been on a steady decline as each year progressed since a decade ago. On the other hand, the “Anti-Islamic Hate Crime Incidents” in the US had crescendo. After the great spike of ’01, as each year passd, there had been no relent on the Muslim