Task 3: Understand the importance of establishing consent when providing care or support.
3.1: Describe factors that influence the capacity of an individual to express consent.
It is important to adapt ways in with you work to overcome barriers for instance using physical or communication aids, or seeking help were necessary. Factors that can influence the capacity of an individual to express consent may include:
• Mental conditions e.g. mental capacity.
• Physical conditions e.g. communication abilities.
• Availability or lack of options.
• Awareness of choices.
• Age.
• Participation.
• Engagement.
3.2: Explain how to establish consent for an activity or action.
Consent for an activity or action must achieve before carrying out any kind of
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Informed consent
All the risks must be explained so that the individual is in a situation to make a judgment as to whether or not they wish to go ahead. You need to make sure that the person has full information about:
• What will happen.
• Why will it happen
• The possible effects, both positive and negative.
Written consent
Is most likely to be used in a clinical setting where there will be a form for written consent. This requires patients or their relatives in the case of emergency, to sign to say that they are willing for the named clinical procedure to be started.
Verbal consent
Verbal consent is normally understood to exist when a person requests that a procedure be undertaken e.g. someone requesting being moved from bed to a chair using lifting equipment or someone requesting pain relief.
If you are asked to obtain consent for an activity you must always ensure that you:
• Answer any questions honestly and as fully as you can
• Do not answer a question that you are unsure of, always refer this to someone who does know.
• Direct your information to the person concerned, even if there is a relative or friend with them.
3.3: Explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily
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Principles of active participation is a way of working that be aware of an individual’s right to join in the activities and relationships independently and individually. The individual is viewed as an active partner in their care rather than a passive recipient. E.g. it may be easier and quicker if you do things for the individual but you need to ensure that the individual takes part to help you. This way they will feel valued and know that they can still do things for themselves.
4.2: Explain how the holistic needs of an individual can be addressed by active participation.
4.3: Explain how to work with an individual and others to agree how active participation will be implemented.
People’s independence and recognition of achievement is of the greatest importance. Sometimes you may need to spend time guiding and encouraging people in order for them to achieve something. There are different ways of implementing active participation:
• Discussion and encouragement with the individual.
• Using friends and family to encourage.
• Recording the outcome.
• Peer-group encouragement.
• Providing useful information and
2.3: Explain how using an individual’s care plan contributes to working in a person-centred way.
Consent is necessary from everyone, not only those who can verbalise his or her needs. It is important to find out the persons communication needs so that they can be involved in discussions around their needs and preferences. My duty of care is to ensure that choices are given, and that appropriate support is obtained where there is lack of capacity is the decision is complex and the individual cannot consent. This may be from families or next of kin or using advocates to ensure that the client’s best interests are maintained. There may be past events or requests that could indicate the client’s preferences, and these must be considered when choices have to be made by others. Any preferences should be recorded on care plans and shared with relevant others to be able to determine the best interests of the person. Decisions should also be put off until the client is able to make their own choices where possible and not taken on their behalf through assuming we know
In America, the legal age to sign off on any medical consent is 18 years of age. Seventeen year olds should be able to compose their own medical decisions, and sign off on their own medical consents. Power should land in their hands, accompanied by the professional advice of a doctor. It is your body, be compelled to fabricate a decision without having to have your parent’s signature.
Informed consent does not simply mean to have a patient sign a white piece of paper with a list of information prior to any type of medical treatment or procedures. Informed consent requires a lot of education and advocacy for the patient. Although informed consent is provided by a health care provider, it the nurse’s duty to act on the patient’s behalf by protecting patient’s right to autonomy (Cook, 2014). There are four key elements of informed consent for nurses (Judkins-Cohn, 2014). First, nurses must make sure the patient is in the right state of mind to comprehend the activities that will happen. Second, the patient should be educated about all the possible risks and benefits before agreeing
2.3 Explain how the health and social care practitioner own values, beliefs and experiences can influence delivery of care.
There are questions about transplant allocation in regards to the four major ethical principles in medical ethics: beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence and justice. Beneficence is the “obligation of healthcare providers to help people” that are in need, autonomy is the “right of patients to make choices” in regards to their healthcare, nonmaleficence, is the “duty of the healthcare providers to do no harm”, and justice is the “concept of treating everyone in a fair manner” ("Medical Ethics & the Rationing of Health Care: Introduction", n.d., p. 1).
Informed consent is the basis for all legal and moral aspects of a patient’s autonomy. Implied consent is when you and your physician interact in which the consent is assumed, such as in a physical exam by your doctor. Written consent is a more extensive form in which it mostly applies when there is testing or experiments involved over a period of time. The long process is making sure the patient properly understands the risk and benefits that could possible happen during and after the treatment. As a physician, he must respect the patient’s autonomy. For a patient to be an autonomous agent, he must have legitimate moral values. The patient has all the rights to his medical health and conditions that arise. When considering informed consent, the patient must be aware and should be able to give a voluntary consent for the treatment and testing without being coerced, even if coercion is very little. Being coerced into giving consent is not voluntary because others people’s opinions account for part of his decision. Prisoners and the poor population are two areas where coercion is found the most when giving consent. Terminally ill patients also give consent in hope of recovering from their illness. Although the possibilities are slim of having a successful recovery, they proceed with the research with the expectation of having a positive outcome. As stated by Raab, “informed consent process flows naturally from the ‘partnership’ between physician and patient” (Raab). Despite the fact that informed consent is supposed to educate the patients, it is now more of an avoidance of liability for physicians (Raab). Although the physician provides adequate information to his patient, how can he ensure that his patient properly ...
Support: In health and social care practice, an individual is given required privacy, given independence, allowed individuality. Besides these, every individual is given equal rights, support, attention and care and his friends and families also treated properly. In health and social care, individual from culture of wide variety to be served and for this reason, views and values from different cultures and communities are respected.
go to the police, or maybe to the government? What if the police and government
Autonomy is a concept found in moral, political, and bioethical reasoning. Inside these connections, it is the limit of a sound individual to make an educated, unpressured decision. Patient autonomy can conflict with clinician autonomy and, in such a clash of values, it is not obvious which should prevail. (Lantos, Matlock & Wendler, 2011). In order to gain informed consent, a patient
Informed consent is a very serious decision a patient has to make when it comes to their health and consenting to procedures that are believed to cure or treat their current health status. It is important to address the effectiveness of the role a physician play in the informed consent process assuring that the patient has given truly informed consent and what safeguards can be put in place to assure the patient is exercising informed consent. Informed consent is based on the fact that the person consenting is a rational individual that is aware of the action to which he/she is consenting. Allen and McNamara (2011) notes that "On the standard understanding, the important elements of informed consent are the provision of information, the voluntariness of the choice and the competence of the chooser to make the choice— so the potential research participant should be provided with information relevant to the decision to participate, they should be able to choose freely about their participation and they should be competent to decide.
As a patient in a hospital, someone has given their hopes of recovering to the staff and the doctor treating them. In most clinics or hospitals patients sign a form giving the doctors consent to treat them, and also before a procedure. There is an example of this in Cancer Ward: “The clinic obtains written consent from every patient before every operation,” (76). As long as they remain in an institution seeking their care, doctors have the authority to give a strong recommendation in the steps needed to treat the patient. Dr. Dontsova said she has the right to decide for her patients and it is hard to disagree with her point because it is her profession.
3. Based on the readings, in what ways do you think team-based delivery of care can be utilized more effectively in your work setting to improve
3. Understand how citizens can have an impact on influencing the policy agenda through mass mobilization or grass roots organizing or through interest groups, voting, running for political office, etc.