Informed Consent

1909 Words4 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Ethics of medical informed consent

Informed consent is the basis for all legal and moral aspects of a patient’s autonomy. Implied consent is when you and your physician interact in which the consent is assumed, such as in a physical exam by your doctor. Written consent is a more extensive form in which it mostly applies when there is testing or experiments involved over a period of time. The long process is making sure the patient properly understands the risk and benefits that could possible happen during and after the treatment. As a physician, he must respect the patient’s autonomy. For a patient to be an autonomous agent, he must have legitimate moral values. The patient has all the rights to his medical health and conditions that arise. When considering informed consent, the patient must be aware and should be able to give a voluntary consent for the treatment and testing without being coerced, even if coercion is very little. Being coerced into giving consent is not voluntary because others people’s opinions account for part of his decision. Prisoners and the poor population are two areas where coercion is found the most when giving consent. Terminally ill patients also give consent in hope of recovering from their illness. Although the possibilities are slim of having a successful recovery, they proceed with the research with the expectation of having a positive outcome. As stated by Raab, “informed consent process flows naturally from the ‘partnership’ between physician and patient” (Raab). Despite the fact that informed consent is supposed to educate the patients, it is now more of an avoidance of liability for physicians (Raab). Although the physician provides adequate information to his patient, how can he ensure that his patient properly ...

... middle of paper ...

...nt." Neuropsychopharmacology 24.6 (2001): 595-607.

Gert, Heather. "Avoiding Surprises: A Model for Informing Patients." The Hastings Center Reports 32.5 (2002): 23-32.

Kuczewski, Mark, and Patricia Marshall. "The Decision Dynamics of Clinical Research: The Context and Process of Informed Consent." Supplement: Making Informed Consent Meaningful 40.9 (2002): 45-54.

Moerman, Daniel. "Cultural Variations in the Placebo Effect: Ulcers, Anxiety, and Blood Pressure." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 14.1 (2000): 51-72.

Nelson, Robert, and Jon Merz. "Voluntariness of Consent for Research: An Empirical and Conceptual Review." Medical Care 40.9 (2002): 69-80.

Raab, Edward L. "The Parameters of Informed Consent." Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 102 (2004): 225-32.

Rovner, Margaret, and Celia E. Wills. "Improving Informed Consent." Medical Care 40.9 (2002): 30-38.

Show More
Related

  • Patient Autonomy Case Study

    1163 Words  | 3 Pages

    Autonomy is a concept found in moral, political, and bioethical reasoning. Inside these connections, it is the limit of a sound individual to make an educated, unpressured decision. Patient autonomy can conflict with clinician autonomy and, in such a clash of values, it is not obvious which should prevail. (Lantos, Matlock & Wendler, 2011). In order to gain informed consent, a patient

    Read More

  • Terrence Ackerman Autonomy

    1330 Words  | 3 Pages

    According to Terrence F. Ackerman, as of the 1980s the American Medical Association had to include the respect for a person’s autonomy as a principle of medical ethics (Ackerman 14, 1982). This includes having the physician provide all the medical information to the patient even if the information could cause negative implication onto the patient. The physician is also expected to withhold all information of the patient from 3rd parties (Ackerman 14, 1982). Although it is seen as standard in today’s world, in

    Read More

  • Tina Turner Research Paper

    875 Words  | 2 Pages

    Many RnB singers rank among the highest paid celebrities in the world. This isn’t a surprise, as RnB and its various sub-genres have been leading the popular music charts for decades. Big voices and slick dance moves often translate into successful careers and big paychecks. Here is a list of the 10 richest RnB singers in the world, who have earned extensive success through their music, tours and other various ventures.

    Read More

  • Paramedic Consent Case Study

    1406 Words  | 3 Pages

    In the case study, Betty was adamant in refusing treatment, despite the risks of the illness progressing and potentially leading to death; under the laws of the medical treatment act (1988) any adult who exhibits competency has the right to refuse treatment, even if refusal of care increases the risk to their health, this right is based on autonomy (3). The information outlined suggests that Betty was capable of making a decision as she fulfils all the elements of consent; therefore she is competent and has the right to deny treatment. Betty acknowledges the risks of not receiving treatment and admits that not receiving treatment will make it difficult, demonstrating her sound understanding of the risk and benefits of the outcomes. For a patient to fulfil the element of understanding they must receive, process and incorporate the information they are provided with into their own personal values and Betty demonstrates this level of understanding by sticking to her values, her decision to stay home and by acknowledging the difficulties and risks of not receiving treatment (3). Once Betty received a diagnosis she was informed by the paramedic of the outcomes and potential risks of not receiving treatment for her condition, Betty was sufficiently informed with information and risks relevant to her situation, enabling her to make an informed decision (3). In order for consent to be considered voluntary, a patient must consent to treatment in an environment free of threat and pressure; if a patients decision is genuine they will also accept responsibility for the outcomes and understand the risks (3). Voluntary consent is a slightly grey area in Betty’s scenario, her son is potentially placing pressure on Betty with his demands, however, Betty expresses responsibility by admitting it will be difficult to and

    Read More

  • No Choice, No Consent

    1436 Words  | 3 Pages

    Sexual intercourse between two people who willingly consent to the actions results in strong human emotional bonding. The act is permissible only when the two parties involved mutually desire to engage in sexual intercourse with each other. In the following case, the mutual agreement is broken. A man engages in sexual intercourse with his wife who is in a minimal conscious state and is paralyzed after an automobile accident. The wife is a 29-year-old woman who suffered from severe brain injury, leaving her unable to care for herself. She is only able to show some response to visual, auditory and tactile stimulation. In addition to being incontinent, she is unable to walk, talk, move or eat on her own. Despite her incapacities, her husband chose to continue the sexual relationship he previously shared with his wife, but consequently she became pregnant. The pregnancy was terminated because it was in the best interest of the wife’s health. The wife’s family considers the husband’s actions rape, and notified the police. The husband’s actions go against fundamental moral and ethical principles. The husband’s actions are deemed unethical because the wife’s incompetency disables her capability to consent to sexual intercourse, leaving her with no choice.

    Read More

  • The Pros And Cons Of Medical Consent

    975 Words  | 2 Pages

    In America, the legal age to sign off on any medical consent is 18 years of age. Seventeen year olds should be able to compose their own medical decisions, and sign off on their own medical consents. Power should land in their hands, accompanied by the professional advice of a doctor. It is your body, be compelled to fabricate a decision without having to have your parent’s signature.

    Read More

  • Gaining Consent In Nursing

    820 Words  | 2 Pages

    By gaining consent Jean's autonomy will be respected and maintained. It is important that all nurses and other health care professions uphold the professional standard when providing direct care to individual, community and groups. Gallagher and Hodge (2012) states reinforce a person's right to exercise choice in relation to personal and bodily integrity and to have that choice respected. Before administrating the medication to Jean the nurse and student nurse made sure that she was given a choice by obtaining consent from Jean first. According to the NMC Code (2015) make sure that you get properly informed consent and document it before carrying out any action.

    Read More

  • Capacity and Consent: Paramedic Reflection

    957 Words  | 2 Pages

    My colleague and I received an emergency call to reports of a female on the ground. Once on scene an intoxicated male stated that his wife is under investigation for “passing out episodes”. She was lying supine on the kitchen floor and did not respond to A.V.P.U. I measured and inserted a nasopharyngeal airway which was initially accepted by my patient. She then regained consciousness and stated, “Oh it’s happened again has it?” I removed the airway and asked my colleague to complete base line observations and ECG which were all within the normal range. During history taking my patient stated that she did not wish to travel to hospital. However each time my patient stood up she collapsed and we would have to intervene to protect her safety and dignity, whilst also trying to ascertain what was going on. During the unresponsive episodes we returned the patient to the stretcher where she spontaneously recovered and refused hospital treatment. I completed my patient report form to reflect the patient's decision and highlighted my concerns. The patient’s intoxicated husband then carried his wife back into the house.

    Read More

  • Medical Paternalism Analysis

    780 Words  | 2 Pages

    Alan Goldman argues that medical paternalism is unjustified except in very rare cases. He states that disregarding patient autonomy, forcing patients to undergo procedures, and withholding important information regarding diagnoses and medical procedures is morally wrong. Goldman argues that it is more important to allow patients to have the ability to make autonomous decisions with their health and what treatment options if any they want to pursue. He argues that medical professionals must respect patient autonomy regardless of the results that may or may not be beneficial to a patient’s health. I will both offer an objection and support Goldman’s argument. I will

    Read More

  • Whitney Houston Research Paper

    1041 Words  | 3 Pages

    Whitney Houston to most was a very amazing and talented person who allowed life and its mishaps break her down. As a young girl she grew up in the church where she felt like it was a sign from God that she should be singing. Freud believes that religion is an illusion, an attempt to gain control over the external world. In his eyes saying that anything is a sign from God depends on how you vision life. There were times in her life where she would produce more music just to get thru the thing that she would be going through. She would use her music as a defense mechanism to get away from all of the abuse, problems with her marriage, neglect, and drugs. Defense mechanisms are ways to distort reality to reduce anxiety: Rationalization is giving a positive reason to a stressor and regression is withdrawing from reality and going to pastime.

    Read More

  • Is Informed Consent Always Necessary for Randomized, Controlled Trials?

    868 Words  | 2 Pages

    Is informed consent always necessary for randomized, controlled trials? The following sentences are different scenarios that answer the question. Informed consent should not be waived unless the treatment is offered inside and outside the trial. Treatment should not involve more than minimal risk compared to alternatives. Genuine clinic must value the treatments the same. No reasonable person should have a preference for one treatment or another (Truog et al. 1999).

    Read More

  • Medical Ethics

    776 Words  | 2 Pages

    Physician-assisted suicide refers to the physician acting indirectly in the death of the patient -- providing the means for death. The ethics of PAS is a continually debated topic. The range of arguments in support and opposition of PAS are vast. Justice, compassion, the moral irrelevance of the difference between killing and letting die, individual liberty are many arguments for PAS. The distinction between killing and letting die, sanctity of life, "do no harm" principle of medicine, and the potential for abuse are some of the arguments in favor of making PAS illegal. However, self-determination, and ultimately respect for autonomy are relied on heavily as principle arguments in the PAS issue.

    Read More

  • Biography of Whitney Houston

    1363 Words  | 3 Pages

    ...erson, that we want to become, whether it is a professional or personal aspect. I feel as if Whitney had a sheltered life and she never had the ability to live a normal life. In turn, she began to lash out at her family and the public, because she could not withhold the standard that everyone expected her to be. For this reason, she indulged in drugs, to release her from the drama and unhappiness in her life. Drugs does not solve the problem, it makes things even worse, because one is focused on numbing themselves from the pain, so that they can still manage their everyday lives. There is nothing wrong with having no inhibitions and just letting go of everything that consumes you. I believe that if Whitney could have established her identity at an early age and freed herself from the pressures of her family and media, that she would have still been alive and happy.

    Read More

  • Informed Consent Essay

    1386 Words  | 3 Pages

    Informed consent is a very serious decision a patient has to make when it comes to their health and consenting to procedures that are believed to cure or treat their current health status. It is important to address the effectiveness of the role a physician play in the informed consent process assuring that the patient has given truly informed consent and what safeguards can be put in place to assure the patient is exercising informed consent. Informed consent is based on the fact that the person consenting is a rational individual that is aware of the action to which he/she is consenting. Allen and McNamara (2011) notes that "On the standard understanding, the important elements of informed consent are the provision of information, the voluntariness of the choice and the competence of the chooser to make the choice— so the potential research participant should be provided with information relevant to the decision to participate, they should be able to choose freely about their participation and they should be competent to decide.

    Read More

  • Whitney Houston: A Brief Biography Of Whitney Houston

    551 Words  | 2 Pages

    Whitney Houston was an American recording artist, actress and fashion model born in a rough neighbourhood in the projects of Newark, New Jersey in 1963. Se is the third and youngest child of John and gospel singer Cissy Houston. Whitney was married to husband Bobby Brown and they had a daughter called Bobbi Kristina Brown. I chose Whitney because she was amazing; her voice was amazing and so was her acting. Her voice had so much emotion and she could give a song a feeling that anyone could relate to. Whitney Houston was famous for her electrifying live performances throughout her career, which gave her the chance to show the spectacular range of her unique voice. She started out her career by singing alongside her mother Cissy Houston at night clubs in New York City where she was discovered by Arista Records. At age 22 Whitney released her debut album which became the best-selling debut album by a female artist. Her second album called ‘Whitney’ became the first album by a female artist to debut at number one billboard 200 albums chart. Whitney appeared in her first starring role in ...

    Read More

More about Informed Consent

Open Document