In The Sandman, the weirdness of the tale could be perceived in two directions--the first being that of intellectual uncertainty and the other is that of psychoanalytical experience and namely the ideas of Freud. In order to describe the uncanny experience in Hoffmann's The Sandman and Shelley's Frankenstein it is indispensable, however, to explain and define beforehand what is the connotation of Unheimlich. In my further analysis of the uncanny, I relate the two works and stress on the obsession of the two characters which explains the weirdness in them. Moreover, I focus on the surrounding environment in the face of the society because it is pertinent to the discussion of the weirdness. The unconsciousness is also playing a major role in the description of the uncanny. Thus we attribute the uncanny to the collapsing psychic boundaries of conscious and unconscious, self and other, living and dead, real and unreal. These recurrent themes, which trigger our most primitive desires and fears are the very hallmarks of Shelley's and Hoffmann's fiction.
Before continuing with the analysis of this topic, I would like to clarify and define the meaning of the word "uncanny" in the way I understand it. This word comes from the German Unheimlich, which means "uncomely", unfamiliar, uncomfortable, uneasy, and at the same time gloomy, ghastly, demonic and gruesome. According to Freud, this word justifies the need of a special conceptual term, which is to express certain things that lie in the field of what is frightening but at the same time leads back to what is known of old and familiar. Freud, however, argues that the "uncanny" is frightening precisely because it is not known and familiar. .
When we read the tale of Hoffmann, ...
... middle of paper ...
...ation associated with the difficulty of dealing with it. It is not surprising that das Unheimliche is so ambiguous in meaning, because it is a connotation to something we do not understand and would probably be never able to really understand.
In conclusion, I would say that the power of literature is connoted exactly in this unparalleled symbolic order of language that can never produce or pin down a definite meaning but nevertheless passes on "the desire and curse of meaning”. It is what the transcendent signification of the text that leaves the reader always anticipating and curious and at the same time delighted from the pleasure this play of the authors brings to her/him. On the other hand there is always this uncanny component of meaning that cannot be clarified or rationalized but nevertheless is an intrinsic part to our reading experience.
Frankenstein is a fictional story written by Mary Shelly. It was later adapted into a movie version directed by James Whales. There are more differences than similarities between the book and the movie. This is because, the movie is mainly based on the 1920’s play, other than the original Mary Shelly’s book Frankenstein. A text has to be altered in one way or the other while making a movie due to a number of obvious factors. A lot of details from the book were missing in the movie, but the changes made by Whales were effective as they made the movie interesting, and successful.
Lyme disease is a newly discovered disease caused from an ancient bacteria (Hall). Although much is known, there is still a lot to discover about this bacteria that can reside in such a variety of hosts, and cause so many different and potentially fatal symptoms (CDC).
James Whale's Frankenstein is a VERY loose adaptation of Mary Shelley's 1818 novel. The spirit of the film is preserved in its most basic sense, but the vast majority of the story has been entirely left out, which is unfortunate. The monster, for example, who possesses tremendous intellect in the novel and who goes on an epic quest seeking acceptance into the world in which he was created, has been reduced to little more than a lumbering klutz whose communication is limited to unearthly shrieks and grunts. Boris Karloff was understandably branded with the performance after the film was released, because it was undeniably a spectacular performance, but the monster's character was severely diminished from the novel.
According to Freud, "the uncanny is that class of the frightening which leads back to what is known of old and long familiar. (Freud 220) In other words, the uncanny can be expressed by "the distinction between imagination and reality is effaced" (Freud 244) and "an actual repression of some content thought and a return of this repressed content" (Freud 220). Moreover, he posits the uncanny moment as one in which two ostensibly opposing figures, elements, or definitions appear to coalesce, or in which one is mistaken for the other, revealing the fundamental instability of their distinction. (Alison 32) Besides, it involves the infantile complexes which was formerly repressed but are later revived and gen...
Deep-seated in these practices is added universal investigative and enquiring of acquainted conflicts between philosophy and the art of speaking and/or effective writing. Most often we see the figurative and rhetorical elements of a text as purely complementary and marginal to the basic reasoning of its debate, closer exploration often exposes that metaphor and rhetoric play an important role in the readers understanding of a piece of literary art. Usually the figural and metaphorical foundations strongly back or it can destabilize the reasoning of the texts. Deconstruction however does not indicate that all works are meaningless, but rather that they are spilling over with numerous and sometimes contradictory meanings. Derrida, having his roots in philosophy brings up the question, “what is the meaning of the meaning?”
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a form of cancer in the lymphatic system. This type of lymphoma originates in the white blood cells, and spreads throughout the lymph nodes in the body. The cause of Hodgkin’s lymphoma is unknown, and it is sometimes found by chance. This disease is typically treated with chemotherapy and radiation and, if found in the early stages, the patient has a good chance of being fully cured.
As time goes on, many things tend to change, and then they begin to inherit completely different images. Over the years, the character, created by Dr. Victor Frankenstein in Mary Shelley’s famous novel, has changed dramatically. The monster, regularly called “Frankenstein,” has been featured in numerous films, such as Frankenweenie and Edward Scissorhands. Although, the characters in today’s pop culture and the monster in the well-known 1800’s novel have similarities, they are actually very different. The many similarities and differences range from the character’s physical traits and psychological traits, the character’s persona, and the character’s place in the Gothic style.
In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein and the monster that he creates are very similar. For example, Victor creates the monster to be like himself. Another similarity is that the anger of both Victor and the monster is brought about by society. One more parallel between Victor and the monster is that they both became recluses. These traits that Victor and the monster possess show that they are very similar.
Lyme borreliosis or Lyme disease (LD) is the most common tick –borne illness caused by a group of bacteria known as Borrelia burgdorferi, that are transmitted to humans following a bite from an infected ticks of the lxodes ricinus species complex (Steere et al, 2004) Tick bites often go unnoticed and can remain feeding on one for many days before going off. In United States all of the Lyme disease are caused by B. burgdorferisensu lato. In Europe and parts of Asia, B. garinii and B. afzelii are common than B. burgdorferi.The principal tick vector in the northeast and north central of the United States is Ixodes scapularis, and in the costal northwest Ixodes pacficus is the principal host reservoir. (Steere et al, 2004). This infection is the most common tick-borne disease in North America and Europe. (NHS, 2013) and parts of Asia (Strle et al 2006).19, 931 cases of Lyme Disease reported in 2006, to the Centres for Disease and Control and Prevention in the United State (CDC) producing an incident rate of about 6.7 per 100,000. However Lyme disease has been reported across many of the continental United States, almost 95% of the cases are from Mil-Atlantic, North central Region and 10 States of the Northeast, where the average incidence is 31.6 per 100,000.
All diseases focus on an organ or parts of the body. Lyme disease focuses on the joints. This will cause joint damage and go on to Lyme Arthritis. The disease also focuses on the nerves. This can cause mental problems and go on to Tics. It also focuses on the heart. This will slow down a person’s heartbeat.
In Hoffmann’s “The Sandman” , there is a re-occurring theme of the uncanny that is commented on by both Sigmund Freud and Ernst Jentsch, who try to explain the uncanny in different ways by highlighting events and imagery that they believe to play a key role in creating it. I however, would argue that the uncanny is a more universal theme in the story and likewise, it’s source will be much more general. In the course of this paper, I intend to prove that the source of the uncanny is the fact that the reader doubts the reality they are presented within the text in the same way that one would doubt the reality that is perceived by a schizophrenic. This is due to the fact that the narrator suffers from schizophrenia and a possible dissociative personality disorder. Furthermore, the events of the short story only occur within the twisted mind of the narrator and represent a series of psychical manifestations that were most likely imagined as a defense mechanism to deal with the traumatic loss of his father and siblings.
Symptoms in patients generally start about 7 to 10 days after contact with a tainted tick, albeit some individuals do not hint towards any sickness until months or years after the fact when symptoms appear. Early side effects are irregular and changing, which can make judgment troublesome. One manifestation appears as a bulls eye reminiscent skin rash called erythema marginatum (EM), which happens in most Lyme malady patients. The rash is for the most part particular to Lyme disease, despite the fact that there are numerous different sicknesses that bring about impulsive and not all Lyme disease patients show EM (Stricker RB, Johnson L.; (2011). Other early side effects may incorporate a general feeling of disquietude, exhaustion, fever, cerebral pain, firm neck, muscle and joint torment, and expanded lymph nodes. Lyme malady side effects could be connected with numerous different sicknesses, which additionally makes the examination findings more troublesome to diagnose. In the event the disease is left untreated over months to years, Lyme malady can come about heart, joints, and sensory system issues, manif...
Now you may be asking yourself, "What does Lyme Disease cause"? It varies with each person. If the doctors can find the disease early enough, than they can have almost a 100% chance of curing it. Lyme is mainly treated with short-term antibiotics, often penicillin. If it does go untreated, then the effects can be that the symptoms will progress and it will be devastating. The second stage, which can take place in a one to several month period, neurological abnormalities may arise, such as encephalitis, meningitis, and more! Some people even have cardiac problems.
Monsters embody brutality, twisted morality, and irrationality—the banes of human existence, yet the children of man’s inner demons. Monsters are, in short, projections of man’s wicked id. The term creature may suggest monstrosity, and Frankenstein’s creation in Mary Shelley’s novel may be perceived as a personification of the Freudian id. In this case, however, the creature also mediates between its neurotic creator and societal values, just as the Freudian ego, conditioned by the reality principle, mediates between external reality and inner turmoil through practicality. The ego is the psyche’s driving force and, arguably, the real protagonist of Frankenstein. But in the fierce tug-of-war within the ego between the id and its law-abiding opposite—the superego—lies the true battlefield of Shelley’s novel. For ironically the man of science embodies an ego-ridden id, a man-monster, but creates a monster-man that embodies his counterpart: an id-ridden ego. In the wake of his mother’s death, Frankenstein’s tinkering with reanimation unconsciously shapes a symbiosis between himself and his creation—between two tortured halves of one neurotic mind. In fact, Shelley’s novel sinks deep into the crevices of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, oozing into pits of neurosis, repression, parapraxes, dream symbolism, and the Oedipus complex.
Lyme Disease is the most commonly reported vector borne illness in the United States. In a fifteen year span the annual count of lyme disease increased by 101%, in which 93% of all reported cases came from 10 states in the northeast and Midwest (Bacon, Kugeler & Mean). Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to humans through bitten by infected ticks (CDC data 2013). In the early 1900’s doctors in Europe discovered a disease pattern that created redness and rashes that were associated with tick bites. In the 1970s children in the United States specifically in the region of Lyme, Connecticut were developing these rashes and other symptoms associated with the bacteria found in Europe. The condition was called Lyme disease and the Borrelia burgdorferi that was associated with the new disease was found in the intestines of the vector, the adult deer tick. After the naming of the condition the number of cases increased tremendously. (Bratton, Whiteside, Hovan, Engle & Edwards 2008).