Individuality and Transcendence in Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Joyce
The development of the scientific method started a revolution in thought
that changed how people viewed the world. Scientists tested theories by
creating experiments and carefully observing the results. The importance
of scientific discoveries raised questions about the role of the observer.
According to Ralph Koster, the importance of observation in science led to
the rise of the individual and an awareness of subjectivity. Society
realized that the individual could determine the outcome of an experiment
and that people could interpret events differently depending on prior
experience.
In addition to changing the role of the individual, science also changed
people's views on religion. By contemplating experimental results,
scientists created rules for how the universe operated. Nature became a
knowable force that scientists described in a logical collection of laws.
Thus, science took away much of the world's mystery and changed how people
viewed God. If the universe operated by rules, it wasn't necessary for God
to be involved every moment. God became a clockmaker who started the
universe and sat back to let it run.
The rise of individuality and changing views on religion resulted in
insecurity and isolation. Before the Romantic era, achieving oneness was
often thought of as an act of grace given in mysterious moments. God was
ineffable, but just. Because science encouraged the clockmaker view of ...
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...nity. He embraces it all in a unique
vision. Amazingly, in this total embrace, he recovers mystery lost in
modern civilization.
Works Cited
Joyce, James. "The Dead." The Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed.
M.H. Abrams. New York: WW Norton, 2000. 2240-68.
Koster, Ralph. "Seeking the Beyond" 29 March 3003.
http://www.legendmud.org/Ralph/papers/transcendence.html
Wordsworth, William. "Preface to Lyrical Ballads." The Norton Anthology
English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: WW Norton, 2000. 238-50
Wordsworth, William. "Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey." The
Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: WW Norton,
2000. 235-237.
The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Volume 1c. New York: W.W. Norton & Co, 2006. Print. The.
The care-givers in both stories, Ethel and the Man, go out of their way to care for and provide opportunities that are appreciated by Skipper and cù mòr glas. Ethel takes time to promote Skipper to dream of his future away from the mining village, while her husband makes it clear t...
Jokinen, Anniina. "Luminarium: Anthology of English Literature." Luminarium: Anthology of English Literature. N.p., 1996. Web. 9 Nov. 2013. http://www.luminarium.org/
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Peters, John G. “Wordsworth’s TINTERN ABBEY” The Explicator(Washington) , Winter 2003, Vol. 61, Iss. 2, pg. 77 : eLibrary. Web 05 Mar 2002
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