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The role of religion in politics
Soviet Union ideologies
The role of religion in politics
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The Soviet Communism upheld the tenet of Atheism. Even though it ultimately failed to be realized, the United States formulated its own spiritual response during the Cold War era. The 1950s and 60s saw a drastic revival of religious beliefs in America: the majority of the ordinary identified themselves as a believer of one of the three main religions -- Protestant, Catholic, or Jew. The American presidents like Truman or Eisenhower mobilized the belief to combat with the Soviet Union. God became a unifying force for the American to fight the righteous battle, and the country utilized god to serve the end of the nation, rather than advocated for the people to serve the god.
The immigrants from the Western Europe brought in to America the religious
After the end of WW2, two major governmental institutions, the USA and the USSR, with conflicting political ideologies and agendas, set forth to dominate each other in international politics. This period of time, also known as the Cold War, initiated an era of crazed hysteria in the United States as these two governments frequently clashed and bitterly fought. As a result, the frightened public grew delirious as the world grew dangerously close to a calamitous nuclear war, which ultimately prompted the Eisenhower administration to hinder the spread of communism and encourage the U.S. population to rapidly pursue higher education for the future welfare of this nation. One of the biggest fears of the American people is that the concept of communism contrasts drastically from the concept of capitalism, which the United States was essentially founded upon. The United States, as the public believed, was not a land of perfect communal equality, but rather a land of equal opportunity.
In his novel, Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury entices and allows readers to interpret the deeper meaning of the text, which lies far beyond the characters and the setting of the dystopia. Throughout the 50’s and 60’s, many people were deprived of religious freedom due to the extremity of communism. USSR, during the Cold War, required countries to be communists limiting them from their necessary freedoms. Within each of the multiple tragedies in which the story explores, there is a link to the peril and warfare that occurred while this book was written. Bradbury binds the issues with communist countries in the story, and relates it to his fictional text highlighting communism as ineffective system of government and an excessively controlling atmosphere. For example, in 1968, Czechoslovakia attempted to release from the strict Soviet control. A new Czechoslovakian leader, Alexander Dubcek, tried to restore a shattered freedom that has been taken away since the end of WW2. Czechoslovakian People freely expressed themselves and read banned literature, which resulted in the Soviet Union sending Warsaw troops, tanks, and with little retaliation from the Czechoslovakian citizens, transformed them into an uncompromising communist nation. Although this even happened after Fahrenheit 451 was created, it was foreshadowed by Bradbury due to the nature and mindset various countries withheld in the 1950’s. Hence, Bradbury conceals various components of the world’s flaws by means of allusions and metaphors, ultimately paralleling the world to a dystopian society. Bradbury highlights that the world’s major flaw is limiting and restricting people from their necessary basic freedoms.
New brands of distinctly American Christianity began developing early in the country’s history. Before the revolution, George Whitefield set the stage for American religious movements. The most important factor that helped launch these movements was the American Revolution. The country was ripe with conversation and action on a new understanding of freedom. The revolution “expanded the circle of people who considered themselves capable of thinking for themselves about issues of … equality, sovereignty, and representation” (6). The country was beginning to move toward an understanding of strength lying in the common people, and the people’s ability to make their own personal decisions on issues of leadership and authority. There was a common belief that class structure was the major societal problem. The revolution created the an open environment that pushed equality of the individual, allowing political and religious beliefs to flourish and grow without being held in check by authoritarian leaders.
Religion of the protestant church was an important factor in the pre-war timeline culture. The Second great awakening, which occurred in the 19th century, greatly impacted American society. This new point of view in terms and matters of faith led northerners to cherish the theory of Christian perfection, a theory that in fact was applied to society in an attempt to eliminate social imperfection. On the other hand, southerners reacted by cherishing a faith of personal piety, which focused mainly on a reading of the Bible; however, it expressed very little concern in addressing society’s problems.1
Brinkley’s section titled “Religion and Revivalism” discussed the effects the American Revolution had on religion, and how, within the beginning years of America, new religions began to emerge. “Deism” is the religion that Brinkley focused on first, and he described how Deism originally began “among Enlightened philosophers in France” and then spread to the “educated American [such] as Jefferson and Franklin” (pg 154). He also described how Deists did believe in a God; however, people considered Him “a remote ‘watchmaker’” who left humans to their own devises after the creation of the universe (pg 154). Because of the emergence of Deism, American society, however new, shifted due to the fact that the younger generations left the more traditional
While the American Dream of the post-war ‘40s and ‘50s was the same core ideology as the American Dream had always been, it expanded its previous definitions to include a uniform “American Way of Life”. Will Herberg argues that the true common religion in the United States is not western monotheism but this way of life that we have. He cites the fact that a majority of people at this time don’t let their religious beliefs affect their decisions about politics and society . He infers that there must be another force behind the country’s unity and it is our way of life. This way was more linear in definition than in the past and was reinforced by the pressure that the Cold War produced. Popular media reflected the conformism that was prevalent
Herzog, Jonathan P.. The spiritual-industrial complex: America's religious battle against communism in the early Cold War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print.
Is the man of the 20th century unreasonable to believe in the existence of God? Atheism is constantly attacking religion, and very sharply. For example, Freud said that religion is the desire for a noble origin; it was created due to fears of natural phenomena, the fear of parents, and alike. But the religious psychologists have made psychoanalysis of Freud, and concluded that Freud had a bad attitude toward his father. Instead of intent to kill his earthly father, he decided to "avenge" the heavenly Father.
Religion in the 1950s was a very important aspect to many citizens living in America. The amount that religion affected the population was shown by the increase of religious groups at the time, it was stated in “The 1940s: Religion: Overview.” from American Decades, “..by 1950 more than 55 percent were members of religious groups, a figure that would increase to 69 percent by the end of the 1950s.” However, this number had not been the same throughout 20th century America. The amount of people in America that had been going to worship their religious figures during the Great Depression was a very small percentage of Americans. The number only started to increase after World War II came to a closing and brought major economic prosperity to America. This burst of church growth in America during the time
Communist had a long history during the 20th century, and communism was very influential. Almost all of Asia and East Europe became Communist. From the start of the theory then many civil wars in Russia affected the whole world. Communist defined the idea of itself in many different ways, it helps many nations came together formed a party fought wars, but it also made many countries became really poor, and the economy in most of the countries got pushed back about 10 years. Communism is an economic and political system that sought to create an egalitarian society; it collapsed because of personal interest and government’s corruption.
Communism has long been heralded in capitalist countries as the root of all evil. However, as with all phobias, this intrinsic fear of communism comes from a lack of knowledge rather than sound reasoning. It is that same fear that gave the world the Cold War and McCarthy's Red Scare. The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader of communism's evolution through time and hopefully assist the regression of unfounded fear.
Atheism has been an enemy of Christians for centuries, but recently there has been a new movement of atheism who are more vocal than ever. The main difference between modern atheists and atheists from the past is that new atheists are more vocal with their beliefs that no one intelligent or educated could believe in God. They mainly use science and philosophy to argue their position.
6. Bohdan R. Bociurkiw and John W. Strong, Religion and Atheism in the U.S.S.R. and
Contemporary atheism is a positive and new humanism trying to re-found and re-construct the entire human universe of thought and values. It shows the possible abuses of religion and points out all concepts of God are only imperfect means to see him. What they say about God couldn't possibly be. Atheists are avoiding responsibility. God is not like anything we know so stop talking about him. Everything you're saying about God is wrong and invalid. The most important problem is the problem of the attributes of God more than his existence. How can we know God? We must be believers in the irrational world where we are presuppositionalless. Contemporary atheism is a new philosophical anthropology. It commands us to guard a more authentic vision of what man is. Man is a contingent, historical, and finite being. Philosophical anthropology is the meaning of contemporary atheism. Contemporary atheists say that people live with a rational structure of consciousness. We approach everything with an idealistic nature. We only know things by their relationships to other things. We only know how x determines y and not what x is by itself. We only know by imposing categories on things, therefore we do not really know God because we cannot impose categories on him. God is unlike anything else so we cannot know him in relationship with something else. The problem of God centers on the idea of alienation and the critique of real or possible abuses in religion. God is looked upon as an illusion and essentially an alienation. If our anthropology is limiting then our theology may be abusive. We are the problem if that is the case. God does not exist in the minds of atheists. They're saying get rid of all your ideas of God because they are invalid. Alienation can be positive and negative. On the positive side, I am still becoming. I am all that I have yet to become. I am incomplete. I am the result of my past choices. On the negative side, society is going to try to stop me from becoming. We trust our minds to keep us in touch with reality. What we don't realize is that our minds may be covering up what is really there.
When people intersect with life itself, the experience a form of culture. Depending on how they deal with it or express their feeling towards it, culture plays a part in it. We live in a fast pace world and we do not always understand what it means to step into someone else’s shoes. Cultures are not exclusive, however it is not something a person just automatically joins. To be fully submerged within a culture, one must possess feelings, interests or have common actions of other people within the culture group. As a christian I’m a part of Christian culture in society as I share common beliefs and practices as others within this culture. As I began to search for a different culture to analyze, I came across a new friend in one of my classes