Collective Intelligence Essay

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1.1 COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE OVERVIEW
With the increasing interest in uneasy adaptive systems, artificial life, swarms and simulatedsocieties, the concept of “collective intelligence” is now getting into focus. The basic idea is that a group of individuals (e.g. people, insects, robots, or softwareagents) can do a work in a way that none of its members can do. Complex, clearly intelligentbehaviour may come out into view from the collaboration created by simple interactions between single persons that implements simple rules.
While people have commented about CI formany years, new communication technologies—mainly the Internet—now allow large numbers of users all over the world to work together in newways. The latest successes of companies like Google and Wikipedia suggest that the time is now got matured formany more such systems, and this session will examine ways to take advantage of those possibilities.
Collective intelligence is shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making. The term comes in use in socio-biology, political science and in context of mass peer review and crowdsourcing applications. It may involve consensus, social capital and formalisms such as voting systems, social media and other means of quantifying mass activity. Collective IQ is a measure of collective intelligence;it is mostly used interchangeably with the term collective intelligence.
1.2. EXAMPLES OF COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE
All companies they might be firms, institutions or sports teams, are created on the belief that their members can perform better together than they could do individually. Though, mostorganizations have a h...

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...l examples of derived attributes that can be used for clustering andbuilding predictive models.
Table 3.1 Examples of user-profile attributes[7]
Attribute
Type
Example
Comment
Age
Numeric
26 years old
User Typically Provides Birth date
Sex
Catagorial
Male,Female

Annual Income
Ordinal or Numeric
Between 50-100K
Or 126K

Geographical
Location
Catagorial can be Converted to Numeric
Address ,city,State,Zip
The geo-codes associated with the location can be used as a distance measure to a reference point.

3.3 CONTENT-BASED ANALYSIS AND COLLABORATIVE FILTERING
User-centric applications aim to make the application more valuable for users byapplying CI to personalize the site. There are two basic approaches to personalization:content-based and collaborative-based.Content-based approaches analyse the contentto build a representation for thecontent. Terms or phrases (multiple

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