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What is the true meaning of intelligence
What is the true meaning of intelligence
Essay on the history of artificial intelligence
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It is needed to define intelligence before defining artificial intelligence. Intelligence is thinking and reasoning, perceiving and evaluating of perceived things, commenting and concluding them (Kayabaş, 2010). Artificial intelligence is general name of computer system studies which aim to fulfill the role needing high mental operations like learning from experiences, to reason, to interpret, to generalize. All these abilities belong to only people who are assumed the most intelligence creature in the universe. Also the movements and the behaviors of animals are considered a reference. Therewithal some scientists defined the artificial intelligence as a system, which can understand the structure of human thinking and can behave similar to them, in other word, developing a computer system that is able to imitate human’s behavior. The aims of artificial intelligence are helping people to decide, to control, to guess and to reach their goals, to solve the complex structure of the human brain, to solve complex problems, which are not able to be solved by people and to understand limits of intelligence (........). Today, artificial intelligence techniques have found application area in many areas. The most often techniques which are investigated and used, are: • Artificial Neural Network • Expert Systems • Genetic Algorithms • Fuzzy Logic • Artificial Life • Natural Language Processing • Robotics • Voice and Face Recognition (Tektaş, 2010). 4.1. Artificial Intelligence Based on Fuzzy Logic Fuzzy logic is a subject in its own right as a mathematical; also it is a subunit of artificial intelligence. The aim of fuzzy logic is, to draw conclusions closer to life by modelling human’s t... ... middle of paper ... ...identified. Figure 4:................................................................... In Rule Viwer page, according to defined rules, changes of output based on changes in input values can be observed. In this section, on the model or on the data there can not be any change. Only, rule viwer shows which rule is active and change of the rules. Figure 5:........................................................................... At the same time, according to these entered data, input – output variations can be observed via Surface Viwer. Here, there is possibility to compare relationship between two inputs and outputs in three dimensional graphs. Surface viewer is not the place to make arrangement. Only the results are observed in this part. The changes between first and fourth inputs and outputs were observed in the picture below.
This story is that, during the mid 21 century, because of the thaw of the iceberg that was floating in the Arctic, thus human created the Artificial Intelligence to help themselves to face the terrible environment easily. David is a robot like them. But he is the only one that is written into the love. As the first robot has love, he became the experimental article to be a kid for a couple who lost their son. As the time goes by, David still can’t join this family, and the couple thinks he can’t rather than their son exactly, so they make a decision to send to the company that created him to destroy him. However, they didn’t want to finally, but David can’t stay with them anymore. David thinks they don’t like him because he is not a real boy, if he can be a real boy, he will hear stories by his mother before he goes to bed, although he never need to sleep. So he still has a dream that one day, he will be a real boy, because he wants to be with his mother. His best friend and guide, Teddy helped him to find his dream and he says he will see him become a real boy. There is only one hope, Blue Fairy can help him to achieve him dream. However, you know, he did find her, but he was freezed with his best hope, Blue Fairy...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the newest fields in Science and Engineering. Work started in earnest soon after World War II, and the name itself was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy. Artificial Intelligence is an art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people [Kurzweil, 1990]. It encompasses a huge variety of subfields, ranging from general (learning and perception) to the specific, such as playing chess, proving mathematical theorems, writing poetry, driving a car on the crowded street, and diagnosing diseases. Artificial Intelligence is relevant to any intellectual task; it is truly a Universal field. In future, intelligent machines will replace or enhance human’s capabilities in
One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the imitation game, since it is basically a game in which a computer imitates a conversating human. In an analysis of the Turing Test I will focus on its features, its historical background and the evaluation of its validity and importance.
An intelligent software assistant, also called an intelligent software agent, cognitive assistant or cognitive agent, is a software agent that is also an intelligent agent which performs a task with minimum specific directions from users. It evolves from the concept of virtual personal assistant, a cognitive assistant that learns and organizes. Intelligent software assistant combines traditionally isolated approaches to artificial intelligence to try to create a personal-assistant program that improves by interacting with its user.
The official foundations for "artificial intelligence" were set forth by A. M. Turing, in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" wherein he also coined the term and made predictions about the field. He claimed that by 1960, a computer would be able to formulate and prove complex mathematical theorems, write music and poetry, become world chess champion, and pass his test of artificial intelligences. In his test, a computer is required to carry on a compelling conversation with humans, fooling them into believing they are speaking with another human. All of his predictions require a computer to think and reason in the same manner as a human. Despite 50 years of effort, only the chess championship has come true. By refocusing artificial intelligence research to a more humanlike, cognitive model, the field will create machines that are truly intelligent, capable of meet Turing's goals. Currently, the only "intelligent" programs and computers are not really intelligent at all, but rather they are clever applications of different algorithms lacking expandability and versatility. The human intellect has only been used in limited ways in the artificial intelligence field, however it is the ideal model upon which to base research. Concentrating research on a more cognitive model will allow the artificial intelligence (AI) field to create more intelligent entities and ultimately, once appropriate hardware exists, a true AI.
Key Words; Artificial Intelligence, Multiple Intelligence, Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, Vocational Guidance, Decision Making
Artificial Intelligence is “the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior.” Although the term was coined in 1955 by John McCarthy, stories about artificial beings with consciousness can be traced back to Ancient Greece. In one Greek legend, Cadmus, a Phoenician prince, kills a sacred water-dragon after it slays
In my opinion, artificial intelligence can be best described as the ability for computers and other systems to be able to complete tasks that humans do on a daily basis. In short, basically remove the human aspect of a certain task or operation, and replace it with a computer programed machine to fulfill the task. I believe that this is the end goal of the development of artificial intelligence. To be able to have machines do the tedious work that humans have to do every day.
The traditional notion that seeks to compare human minds, with all its intricacies and biochemical functions, to that of artificially programmed digital computers, is self-defeating and it should be discredited in dialogs regarding the theory of artificial intelligence. This traditional notion is akin to comparing, in crude terms, cars and aeroplanes or ice cream and cream cheese. Human mental states are caused by various behaviours of elements in the brain, and these behaviours in are adjudged by the biochemical composition of our brains, which are responsible for our thoughts and functions. When we discuss mental states of systems it is important to distinguish between human brains and that of any natural or artificial organisms which is said to have central processing systems (i.e. brains of chimpanzees, microchips etc.). Although various similarities may exist between those systems in terms of functions and behaviourism, the intrinsic intentionality within those systems differ extensively. Although it may not be possible to prove that whether or not mental states exist at all in systems other than our own, in this paper I will strive to present arguments that a machine that computes and responds to inputs does indeed have a state of mind, but one that does not necessarily result in a form of mentality. This paper will discuss how the states and intentionality of digital computers are different from the states of human brains and yet they are indeed states of a mind resulting from various functions in their central processing systems.
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
Artificial Intelligence is the scientific theory to advance the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machines. This is going to hold the key in the future. It has always fa...
Artificial intelligence is a concept that has been around for many years. The ancient Greeks had tales of robots, and the Chinese and Egyptian engineers made automations. However, the idea of actually trying to create a machine to perform useful reasoning could have begun with Ramon Llull in 1300 CE. After this came Gottfried Leibniz with his Calculus ratiocinator who extended the idea of the calculating machine. It was made to execute operations on ideas rather than numbers. The study of mathematical logic brought the world to Alan Turing’s theory of computation. In that, Alan stated that a machine, by changing between symbols such as “0” and “1” would be able to imitate any possible act of mathematical
Artificial intelligence is defined as developing computer programs to solve complex problems by applications of processes that are analogous to human reasoning processes. Roughly speaking, a computer is intelligent
Artificial Intelligence “is the ability of a human-made machine to emulate or simulate human methods for the deductive and inductive acquisition and application of knowledge and reason” (Bock, 182). The early years of artificial intelligence were seen through robots as they exemplified the advances and potential, while today AI has been integrated society through technology. The beginning of the thought of artificial intelligence happened concurrently with the rise of computers and the dotcom boom. For many, the utilization of computers in the world was the most advanced role they could ever see machines taking. However, life has drastically changed from the 1950s. This essay will explore the history of artificial intelligence, discuss the
Artificial intelligence is an idea of if the human thought process can be mechanized. It was around the 1940’s – 50’s that a group of people came together to discuss the possibility of creating an artificial brain and its uses. These people were a variety of scientists from different fields such as mathematics, economics, engineering, and etc. This was the birth of the field of artificial intelligence. While artificial intelligence would prove to be technologically revolutionary by introducing new ideas such as quantum computers or robots, said new ideas could result in the downfall of mankind. The result could range to being the plummet of the economy, the end of the human race, or even the corruption of the next generation and onwards. All of these problems resulting in the possibility of the end of the earth. The more we need to learn more about technology and further advance it, the closer we are getting to the extinction of the human race. These are the reasons why the advancement of artificial intelligent should be halted or banned so no harm can be done even without the intentions.