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Comparison of behaviourist and cognitive theory
Concepts in cognitive theory
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Cognitive theory
Cognitive theory is an approach to psychology that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding your thought processes
E.g. A therapist is using principles of cognitive theory when she teaches you how to identify your maladaptive thought patterns and transform them in to constructive ones
Cognitive theory basics
The assumption for cognitive theory is that thoughts are the primary determinants of emotions and behavior
Information processing is a common description of this mental process and theorist compare the way the human mind functions to a computer
Pure cognitive theory largely rejects behaviorism another approach to psychology on the basis that reduces complex human behavior the simple cause and effect
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Baron Cohen Et Als study demonstrated how theory of mind was a deficit of Autism and provide a new test for theory of mind
The test could then be used again to help determine if somebody has Autism whilst the knowledge that theory of mind can help us under cognitive approach heavily relies on experiments as its main reach method
Disadvantages
The main disadvantage of the cognitive approach is that it refers to cognitive processes that we cannot directly observe
It relies heavily on inference
Lack been the scientific on the basis that it is subjective in what is taken from findings
Another weakness of the cognitive approach is that it ignores other factors towards behavior that have been shown to affect behavior
Strengths
It highlights the behavioral approach which focuses only on outward actions the cognitive approach tries to look inward and find out how to brain interprets
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Learning may not occur immediately .The observer could process the new behaviors but his or her learning may not be affected until a later point or never at all
3. There is an assumption of a goal directed behavior. Social cognitive theorists propose that people set goals for themselves and direct that behavior accordingly
4. Another assumption of social cognitive theory is behavior eventually becomes self regulated
5.The final one deals with reinforcements and punishment have indirect effects on learning and behavior
FIVE CONTRUCTS OF SCT
1.Reciprocal
Cognitive psychologists study the mental processes of behaviour through memory, thought processes, language, attention to detail and abnormal mental states affecting behaviour. Cognitive behaviour is similar to a computer by input of data into a computer and prior knowledge stored in the human brain as data and information are processed. The computer reaches its results from a series of data and the brain receiving information reaches its results neurologically.
Autism: A Lack of the I-function In the words of Uta Frith, a proclaimed expert on autism, autistic persons lack the underpinning "special feature of the human mind: the ability to reflect on itself." ((3)) And according to our recent discussions in class, the ability to reflect on one's internal state is the job of a specific entity in the brain known as the I-function. Could it be that autism is a disease of this part of the mind, a damage or destruction to these specialized groups of neurons which make up the process we perceive as conscious thought? And if this is so, what are the implications?
First off, autism is not a form of mental retardation despite what the general public may have you believe. In actuality, autism, which was first described by Kanner (1943) in his study of 11 children with “autistic disturbances of affective contact” (US: American Psychological Ass...
Cognitive, Cognitive Behavioral and Reality Theories. Cognitive Theory Cognitive theory is a learning approach in psychology that attempts to explain the behavior of humans by studying thoughts and reasoning processes. Cognitive theory is founded on many other factors like cognitive reasoning and social cognitive theory. Aaron Beck founded the theory and it is meant to understand the human behavior by observing the processes triggered by reasoning and individual thoughts.
Several acheivements occurred in the development of cognitive psychology. The study of neuroscience brings us to what we know about cognition today. Cognitive psychology came from the criticisms and flaws of behaviorism. The focus of behaviorism is on observable behaviors, although cognitive psychology became a means to studying mental processes. Cognitive psychology can answer the questions behaviorism could not provide. Behavioral observations are key factors in cognitive psychology, and help with interpreting mental processes and behaviors. Through studying mental processes cognitive psychologists’ expanded psychology through and beyond observations. Behavioral observations helps researchers test cognitive theories. Behaviorists study observable behavior and cognitive psychologists study the mental processes. When studying these processes, researchers attempt to explain how unobservable processes interact with the observable behaviors and helping cognitive psychologists test their theories in
So, in conclusion theory of mind is a method of explaining human social interaction, which goes some distance to explaining our somewhat seemingly planetary unique ability to empathise, comprehend, and guess others actions and behaviour. It has been researched by a number of psychologists in the field, and is an extremely useful and viable tool in explaining some of the complexities of the human condition. It has a central position in the field of evolutionary psychology, and will continue to do so; with good reason, for without its presence a large amount of the remainder of the psychological spectrum would have difficulty understanding anything about the human mind.
Comparing the Behavioral Perspective and the Cognitive Perspective The behavioral perspective is the idea that if psychology was to be a science, then it must focus on events, which are directly observable on behavior, rather than on mental life. The behavioral perspective maintains the primary emphasis on observable behavior and its relation to environmental events. Behavioral perspective is through reinforcement, which is the idea that patterns of emitted behavior can be selected by their consequences. Cognitive perspective is centered on the description of the nature and development of the representation of knowledge. It comes from three points of view, which are the theory of information processing, the inability of behaviorism to provide a comprehensive account for all aspects of human behavior, and the invention of the computer.
Whilst evaluating the cognitive approach to psychology there are many strengths such as that the cognitive approach takes an understanding of the influence from mental processes on one’s behaviour, focusing on an individual’s thinking patterns and their perception. This approach also relates to many known functions and operations that the human body performs such as memory and problem solving.
I did not choose the social cognitive theory because it fails to allow for the possibility that a person could be affected by someone’s actions other than imitating said actions. I believe that it is possible for a person to specifically not imitate another person’s actions based on prior experience or development. I also did not choose the ethological theory because of the fact that the research that this theory is based upon was done on animals and not actual humans. Doing the research based on humans might change the outcome based on the developmental differences between humans and
The cognitive principle: the core idea of the cognitive element of CBT is based on looking at different interpretations which people make of events (Graham, 2005). It basically highlights that when two people react differently in a situation, it is because they feel and see the event differently and gives different ‘meaning’ to it.
Social Learning Theory- is learned by observing others in social situations, especially the family and the media, and by perceiving the benefits or rewards to the behavior (Isaacs, 2000).
Social cognitive theory of learning is a theoretical perspective that focuses on learning by observing others and eventually assuming control over one’s own behavior (Ormrod, 2011, p.323). Social cognitive theory is a perspective that helps us understand about learning by observing other people doing the same thing. This theory is a blend of behaviorism and cognitive psychology (Ormrod, 2011). Behaviorism theory relates to learning as a stimulus- response relationship and suggests that learning involves a behavior change whereas according to social cognitive theory learning is an internal process that may or may not lead to a behavior change. For example one might attempt to ride a bicycle as soon as they learn to ride the bicycle but learning how to put air in the bike may not be needed until the bicycle need air.
Hence, behavioral theory main focus is the behavior of the individual. The theory focuses on the positive and negative reinforcement. While, cognitive theory focuses more on the reasoning and consequences, while seeking to change the way one thinks about the actions. Behavioral theory seeks to change the way you act in the situation which will change the situation altogether. The consequences in cognitive therapy are reinforcements in behavioral theory. Meichenbaum (2000) found that cognitions can act as conditioners of behavior, which influences behavior change. Clients can be helped to restructure their cognitions, which can result in behavior
Behavior and social learning are two theories that are inherently intertwined. Behavior to some extent is taught for social reasons, and social learning can very much shape and create behaviors. While behavior is something intentionally taught, social learning can teach and reinforce many unintentional behaviors, such as dishonesty or aggression. In order to adequately discuss these two interrelated topics, theory exploration is in order.
Throughout the ages, humans have had an inherent interest in studying the complex area of human behaviour, even before psychology was established as a science. Because the study of behaviour is so broad and multifaceted, its scientific study poses particular challenges. Therefore, it can be beneficial to approach the scientific study of human behaviour from the perspective of cognitive psychology. This is the study of cognition, the mental processes that underlie human behaviour (Ling & Cattling, 2012).