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Ways to discipline students
Behaviourism and social learning theory evaluate
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Behavior and social learning are two theories that are inherently intertwined. Behavior to some extent is taught for social reasons, and social learning can very much shape and create behaviors. While behavior is something intentionally taught, social learning can teach and reinforce many unintentional behaviors, such as dishonesty or aggression. In order to adequately discuss these two interrelated topics, theory exploration is in order. The behaviorism theory, as summarized from module three, builds upon the concept of tabula rasa, which was conceived by philosopher John Locke. The theory in conjunction with this philosophy states that all animals are born with the basic ability to respond to stimuli. The responses to the stimuli are reward …show more content…
A case study found that Chris, a sixteen year old male, suffering from BDD displayed both classical and operant conditioning. He grew up in a family that stressed physical appearance, which was a modeled behavior. At sixteen, Chris broke his nose playing and after the following surgery, he became very anxious about his nose and its appearance. This eventually caused him to retreat from society (Neziroglu & Mancusi, 2012). This study explored both the classical and operant conditioning involved with the development of Chris’s BDD, and later how to help Chris unlearn the behaviors. Neziroglu and Mancusi (2012) report that, “After Chris’s surgery, he began to feel differently about his appearance. The change in his appearance (broken nose), the pain and discomfort from the surgery became associated with disgust and anxiety. His nose then became associated with these negative mood states” (p. 152). The authors explain that this is a form of classical conditioning, in which over time the associations that Chris made from his appearance and pain from the surgery became linked with disgust. This behavior was created by long term emphasis placed on appearance; therefore, when that appearance changed the disorder developed in response to this new stimuli. Chris also experienced operant conditioning via negative reinforcement due to feelings of shame …show more content…
The successful application of these theories have been very interdisciplinary in their use, being applicable in the development of disorders and even calculating spending patterns across social groups. Behaviorism and social learning have evolved beyond the original use of solely educational purposes. However, the effectiveness of the behaviorism theory has come into question as an educational approach., L’Ecuyer (2014) explains that the behaviorism approach, “emphasizes the accumulation of information (knowledge), on external behaviors (skills and mechanical habits) and their emotional and physical reactions in given situations, rather than on the person’s internal mental states, such as intentionality, which are much more complex (p.2). The article questions the modern effectiveness of the behaviorism approach on children. I have found that the theory of social learning when paired with the behaviorism theory is still very useful in education, even with the influx of modern technologies. At the very core, behaviorism, both classical and, seeks to explain why humans react to certain stimuli. Operant is more used in socially especially in child rearing, how to effectively discipline and child via reinforcement of positive behaviors or corporal punishment for negative behaviors is still a highly debated topic. Social learning can also heavily influence
One example of the “Social Learning Theory” is the Bobo doll experiment conducted by Albert Bandura in 1961. In this experiment children were either exposed to an adult exhibiting aggressive behavior or non-aggressive behavior towards the doll. When it came time for the children to interact with the doll, the children who were exposed to aggressive behavior were more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior (Nolen, n.d.).
Social learning theory was first developed by Robert L. Burgess and Ronald L Akers in 1966 (Social Learning theory, 2016). In 1973, Akers wrote a book entitled Deviant Behaviour: A Social Learning Approach, which discussed Aker’s conception of the social learning theory. He developed social learning theory by extending Sutherland’s theory of differential association (Cochran & Sellers, 2017). Social learning theory is based on the principles of Pavlov’s operant and classical conditioning. Akers believes that crime is like any other social behavior because it is learned through social interaction (Social Learning theory, 2016). Social learning theory states that the probability of an individual committing a crime or engaging in criminal behaviour is increased when they differentially associate with others who commit criminal behavior (Cochran & Sellers, 2017). Social learning theory is classified as a general theory of crime, and has been used to explain many types of criminal behaviour (Social Learning theory, 2016). Furthermore, social learning theory is one of the most tested contemporary theories of crime. There are four fundamental components of social learning theory; differential association, definitions, differential reinforcement and imitation (Social Learning theory,
The social learning theory extends this by taking into account that we may see other people being rewarded or punished, and adapt our own behaviour accordingly. However, social learning theory and behaviorism does not take into account that people have thoughts. It assumes that we have no free will over what we do and only respond according to what we have previously been exposed to. It also concerns itself solely with observable behaviors. Social learning theory can therefore be improved by attempting to explain where our thoughts come from, and how they affect our
Many theories have been thought of over the years to attempt to explain why people behave the way they do. Many questions were brought up when thinking about that and the social learning theory is a popular theory in explaining this. Nobody really thought of the social learning theory too much until Albert Bandura wrote his idea of it. He actually wrote a book called “Social Learning Theory.” In this book, he states that behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning(Saul McLeod).
Social Learning theory is defined when an individual learns how to act from society and what others teach that individual. Some people believe crime is learned from others by watching them commit crimes. When it comes to social learning theory some of the arguments within the theory are, if individuals actually learn their behavior by watching others. As a child you grow up acting and following what others did around you some children were exposed to crime as a child and they will have a higher chance of becoming criminals. We all learned our behavior from watching family members and how society uses their views to impact how we act.
Lynchburg Department of Job and Family Services has become overwhelmed with problems that involved domestic violence, child abuse, drug abuse, and alcohol abuse within families that have children. It is important to protect our children and we know how bad these offences can harm our youth today which is our future of tomorrow. Lynchburg Department of Job and Family Services decided to sit down and brainstorm; to come up with some kind of idea to protect the children in these families from any pain, harm, or damage that might come their way from the adult behavior. After carefully doing creativity thinking, we came up with a policy to help prevent the young children from the social learning theory. Social learning theory is “the view that people learn to be aggressive by observing others acting aggressively to achieve some goal or being rewarded for violent acts”. (Siegel, 2011). Social learning theory implies that if a child witnesses a mother or father being abused, then the child will grow up to be abusive or allow someone to abuse them. If a child witnesses a parent drinking alcohol or using drugs, than the child could grow up to use drugs or become an alcoholic. The new policy that Lynchburg Department of Job and Family Services has put in place is that if a parent, guardian, or caretaker of any child under the age of 18 is charged with an offense of domestic violence, child abuse, drug, or alcohol, the child or children will be removed from the home as soon as possible and placed in a foster care. In order for the parent, guardian, or caretaker to gain custody of the child back they must first complete a secondary prevention program related to their crime. A secondary prevention program is “programs that provide treatment, ...
The behaviorist theory is a theory of psychology that emerged in the early twentieth century that was a response to a number of predictions regarding observable behaviors. A majority of the theory concerned itself on the behavior of animals and humans, on the physical, observable behavior, not the unobservable events. Psychologists believe that us as learners start off with a clean slate and our behavior is shaped by the environment we are brought and raised in, therefore, our behavior is formed by positive and negative factors we create while growing in our environment. Our observable behavior is linked to our thinking and our emotions we give off. Psychologists have studied that there is little difference recorded from the thoughts and emotions that take place in a humans mind and from an animals. An individual has no free will and their environment determines the type of the behavior they have. Everyone’s environment they live in is teaching the behavior individuals have. Internally, our behaviors are a result of stimuli. The stimulus causes the reaction and what reaction that wil...
Behaviorism is an approach to psychology based on the proposition that behavior can be researched scientifically without recourse to inner mental states. It is a form of materialism, denying any independent significance for mind. Its significance for psychological treatment has been profound, making it one of the pillars of pharmacological therapy. One of the assumptions of behaviorist thought is that free will is illusory, and that all behavior is determined by the environment either through association or reinforcement.
There are many intriguing branches of psychology, but behaviorism captured many aspiring psychologists and young minds in the 1920s and 1930, and has been the dominant orientation since the mid 30s. Behaviorism was the radical revision of the method of psychological research. Consciousness was not accepted at the time and behaviorism called for the ban of introspection. Behaviorism is a branch of psychology that started with John B. Watson’s “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it.” Even though considered innate, researching this topic will show behavior is learned more by environmental factors through modeling and observing. The founder, Watson, created classical conditioning, and later B.F. Skinner contributed with operant conditioning. Watson’s evidence was his most famous experiment, the “Little Albert Experiment.”
Social Learning accentuates the predominantly power of learning through social rewards and punishments, together with indirect reinforcements and modeling. Social Cognitive theories build on social theories and reflects that individual’s cognitive processes are influenced by behavioral associations. “Social learning theorists claim that the way that people think, plan, perceive and believe is an important part of learning. Social learning theorists claim that the way that people think, plan, perceive and believe is an important part of learning.” (Studentuk) Conditioning theories undertake direct linking between behavior and learning whereas Cognitive theories permits for the learning process to be altered by
Successful teachers develop the whole child by making integrated efforts to promote their student’s academic, social and emotional learning. Children need to be aware of themselves and others; make responsible decisions, and be ethical and respectful of the people around them.
Behaviorism is a learning theory or a developmental theory that measures observable behaviors that are produced by the learner’s response to stimuli. On one end of the spectrum behaviorism is known as an attitude. At the other end, it is known as a doctrine. According to the behavioral views of human development, behaviorists argued that to focus attention on unobservable constructs, such as emotions, thoughts, or the unconscious, was an unscientific approach.(Craig & Dunn, Ex.: 2010)
Theorists such as Watson and Skinner developed behaviourism, a learning theory. This type of theory is more focused on the end result than the steps leading to it. It focuses on changes in behaviour that result from stimulus-response interactions made by the learner. The stimulus can be rewards and punishments, which will convey a behavioural response. The model is interested in standardized and observable outcomes ...
Within the realm of psychology, a plethora of theories exist that offer explanations about people. A learning theory attempts to explain how people and animals learn, whereas the social learning theories take to a different level; they attempt to explain how organisms learn in social settings. Three important concepts of Bandura’s social learning theory include observational learning, modeling, and imitation. Many factors take part in the way people behave and think. We learn concepts and ideas not only through hands-on learning but also through observational learning as well. Observational learning is a process in which learning occurs through observing and imitating others. This concept introduced by Bandura because he did not fully agree with operant and classical conditioning. The application of the social learning theory neither limits a particular developmental age group, nor is it only seen in particular settings. However, according to Legg and Mccaslin (2002), “as the learner matures the importance of how peers view the learner's actions and decisions may well super cede the opinions of others, possibly even the views of the learners themselves,” making the theory more prominent as one matures. Within the middle childhood developmental stage, a variety of learning settings were observed, seeing how Bandura’s theory manifested in children ages 6-13.
Behaviorism is defined as a school of psychology that takes the objective evidence of behavior (as measured responses to stimuli) as the only concern of its research and the only basis of its theory without reference to conscious experience (Merriam-Webster). B.F skinner, Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson are known as the fathers’ of behaviorism. They all had a different prospective on what makes someone learn, the one thing they had in common is reinforcement methods. Their experiments did have enough true findings to spark others to want to explore how behaviorism affects learning. Behaviorists often look at learning as a characteristic of conditioning and will promote a system of prizes and targets in education.