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Secondary effects of volcanic hazards
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Climate Change has become a rising topic of interest and worry in Today's world. It has effected almost every aspect of modern life: Including the food industry, living conditions, as well as Volcanic activity. In recent years, Humanity has seen a steady increase in Volcanic activity, possibly due to climate change. The potential destruction from increased Volcanic Activity could potentially cause a mass extinction.
Disclaimer: When looking at any data about the effects of Climate Change, it is important to take into consideration that not all of the data could be following the Climate Change “trend” it could be no more than a variable change in activity. This also counts for Volcanic activity. Increased Volcanic Activity could be a random event, and not one connected with Climate Change. Therefore, this paper will be focusing on the idea that increased Volcanic Activity is a result of recent Climate Changes.
Volcanic activity is a fairly common event for the Earth. Generally, there are anywhere between 50-60 small eruptions a day) These eruptions barley register onto the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), similar to the Richter scale for Earthquakes. It ranges from zero to eight, zero being the weakest and eight being capable of mass extinctions. Major Volcanoes generally erupt every 100-200 years. Every 10,000 years, A Volcano erupts with so much power that they can cause Mass Extinctions.
Over the last 100 years, there has been 12 significant Volcanic Eruptions. All of these Eruptions range from a 1 to a 6 on the VEI. Definitely the most powerful eruption on this list is the Mount Pinatubo eruptions in 1991 in the Philippines. It measured a 6 on the VEI, and luckily only resulted in 350 deaths. This is due to the efficiency...
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1.) Hermes, A. (n.d.). Volcanoes That Have Erupted in the Last 100 Years. eHow. Retrieved October 7, 2013, from http://www.ehow.com/list_7793285_volcanoes-erupted-last-100-years.html
2.) (n.d.). Climate change. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 7, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#Volcanism
3.) Poppick, L. (2013, July 5). Unexpected Effects of Climate Change . LiveScience. Retrieved October 7, 2013, from http://www.livescience.com/38666-climate-change-unexpected-effects.html
4.) Volcanic Explosivity Index. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 7, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_Explosivity_Index
5.) Volcanic Eruptions . (n.d.). Scholastic, Helping Children Around the World to Read and Learn. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/volcanic-eruptions
Miesse, Willian C. "Mount Shasta Geology and History." USGS: Volcano Hazards Program - Mount Shasta Geology and History. College of the Siskiyous Library, n.d. Web. 01 May 2014.
Wood and Kienle, 1990, Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada: Cambridge University Press, 354 p., p. 158-160, Contribution by Patrick Pringle.
On May 22, 1915, an explosive eruption at Lassen Peak devastated nearby areas and rained volcanic ash farther 200 miles to the east! This explosion was the most powerful in a series of eruptions from 1914 through 1917. ...
In March 18, 1880 Mount St. Helens there was a catastrophic eruption that caused a huge volume of ash; the ash plume would be over central Colorado within 16 hours. After years of dedicated monitoring (knowing where to volcano is, unlike an earthquake not knowing exactly where this geological even is exactly) there was been increasing accuracy in forecasting eruptions.
Volcanoes have always been a mysterious wonder of the world. Volcanoes have shaped the landscape and the very ground that we all live on. People have written stories of their disastrous eruptions, and painted their marvelous shapes on canvas. The essay will outline some of the more famous volcanoes and how they have impacted are history. Mount Vesuvius that destroy the great city of Pompeii, Krakatoa they spewed deadly ash on small village town, and Mount St. Helen, the only volcano in my own country to every erupt during my own time period.
The first time I saw Mt. Rainier for myself, was last summer when my boyfriend and I drove to Washington. It was the most beautiful, peaceful looking mountain I have ever seen. However, underneath it's great beauty, it hides a deadly secret. Mt. Rainier is one of the most dangerous volcanoes that we have here in the United States. One of the reasons it is so dangerous is because of it's great beauty. People enjoy looking at it, and the area that surrounds it, so they have made their homes here. Mt Rainier is not the only volcano I am interested in, in fact this last summer I also went to Mt. St. Helens and Crater Lake. But it is the volcano I chose to research for this paper because it does have so much beauty and at the same time so much power. I already know the basics about volcanoes, how they form, the different types, etc., but I wanted to find out more about what would happen if this great volcano were to erupt, what type of eruption would it be, and how would it affect the people that live around it.
Firstly, I believe the eruption of Santorini was more powerful than first estimated, due to the presence of a shallow sea inside the Theran crater, with the volcano situated in the centre of that sea. (This is the theory of Professor Steve Sparks of Bristol University)
Stories about volcanoes are captivating. Myths come in different versions, but all of them are capable of capturing yours, and everybody’s imagination.
The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere were 15 times higher than they are today and this was due to the volcanic activity, which released enormous amount of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere. The flooding of continents and the lack of plants on land also contributed to the heightened levels. These conditions created a greenhouse effect so tempera...
Throughout history climates have drastically changed. There have been shifts from warm climates to the Ice Ages (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2009, p.204). Evidence suggests there have been at least a dozen abrupt climate changes throughout the history of the earth. There are a few suspected reasons for these past climate changes. One reason may be that asteroids hitting the earth and volcanic eruptions caused some of them. A further assumption is that 22-year solar magnetic cycles and 11-year sunspot cycles played a part in the changes. A further possibility is that a regular shifting in the angle of the moon orbiting earth causing changing tides and atmospheric circulation affects the global climate (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2009, p.205). Scientific studies suggest that all these played a role in past global warming and cooling periods. Today, however, there is a lot of conflict on whether humans are causing a global warming that could be disastrous to humans and all species of plants and animals on this earth. This paper will first explain the greenhouse effect, then take a look at both sides argument, and, finally, analyze the effect of global warming on world-wide sustainability
known volcanoes, 70 can be expected to erupt each year with at least one large eruption each
Did you know that volcanic eruptions, although they are extremely hot, counteract climate change? Large volcanic eruptions, including the Tambora eruption in 1815 and the Krakatau eruption in 1883, create headlines across the world, ground planes, and can change weather patterns drastically for months, or even years, at a time. They spew out tons of various gases, volcanic ash-a pulverized form of rock, and other rock debris. Each volcano has a different composition, so each eruption has different effects. This means volcanoes can have a large impact on the weather and climate of a region. How do volcanic eruptions affect local weather, climate, and atmospheric conditions, and how do these factors affect humans?
A volcano could be a mountain that opens downward to a reservoir of melted rock below the surface of the world. in contrast to most mountains, that area unit pushed up from below, volcanoes area unit vents through that melted rock escapes to the earth’s surface. once pressure from gases among the melted rock becomes too nice, associate eruption happens. Eruptions may be quiet or explosive. There could also be volcanic rock flows, two-dimensional landscapes, toxic gases, and flying rock and ash that may generally travel many miles downwind.
The earliest outcropping volcanic deposits date back to about 25,000 years ago. The lavas observed at a -1125 m bore-hole are about 0,3-0,5 million years old. It is known for the first eruption of which an eyewitness account is preserved, in 79 AD. Geologically, Vesuvio is unique for its unusual versatility. Its activity ranging from Hawaiian-style release of liquid lava, fountaining and lava lakes, over Strombolian and Vulcanian activity to violently explosive, plinian events that produce pyroclastic flows and surges.