My client, Catalina Sowrez struggles with procrastination in school. She is in her senior year at West High and her behavioral problem has gradually been getting better since she was a sophomore. She still struggles with procrastination daily. Catalina’s procrastination was at its worst point in her sophomore year. It started when her boyfriend’s mother, Haley, was cyber bullying her. Slowly, she let this situation consume her and her thoughts. She lacked motivation before, but always managed to finish her assignments. After Haley began mistreating her, she fell behind in school and did not have any desire to change. Catalina’s life at home has always been unstable. She is constantly moving due to her mother’s financial problems. Her parents …show more content…
Recall, classical conditioning is a type of learning that involves a certain behavior receiving the same response. Catalina could have obtained her routine through this way of learning. Let’s say the unconditioned stimulus was her situation she was in her sophomore year. Catalina was dealing with mistreatment by an adult while being bombarded with loads of school work. Her unconditioned response was to deal with the bullying and not worry about school because it was not a priority. After the circumstances were taken care of, she knew how to let certain situations come before academics. School no longer was important to her and she could create a conditioned stimulus, where her life was filled with friends, boys, and sports. She had learned how to respond, and that was to allow everything else to consume her time and energy, this was her conditioned response. Catalina sometimes finds herself falling back into that rhythm of letting academics fade into the background, but she has been attempting change. Classical conditioning can help her achieve this goal. My first plan is to create an unconditioned stimulus. This stimulus will be in the form of an essay assignment. Catalina’s class will be told that one page of the essay will be due each day to be certain it isn’t being avoided. The unconditioned response will be to finish the page of the essay. Catalina could procrastinate and wait to get it done in class, but the final paper wouldn’t be due till the end of the week. As the teacher continues this request, it becomes a conditional stimulus, which creates the conditioned response of completing one part of the assignment each day. This plan will teach Catalina how much easier an important task can be accomplished when the work is distributed throughout the days before homework is
Just as they are standing face-to-face with each other, I am standing face-to-face with procrastination. I encounter difficulty managing my time with just about everything I do; I always wait too long. Throughout high school I was never in a hurry to get any of my work done. The work was easy to me, so if I waited until the last minute to do anything, it wasn’t hard for me to finish. I could always take my time to get everything done and still get a good grade in high school. Even if the work was harder and took me a little extra time, my teachers were all very lenient and accepted late work. My high school was very easy and allowed me to get into the bad habit of procrastinating.
Classical Conditioning was a phenomenon that a man named Ivan Pavlov explored in the twentieth-century. His work laid the foundation for many other psychologists such as John Watson. Pavlov’s idea came when he seized on an incidental observation. He noticed putting food in a dogs mouth caused salvation. However, the dog not only salivated to the food it began to also salivate to mere sight of the food, or the food dish. He began experimenting; first he slid the food presented the food by sliding the food bowl and blowing meat powder into the dogs mouth at the same exact moment. They paired it with a neutral stimuli event the dog could see but did not associate it with food (Myers, 2014, p.256). Food in the mouth automatically, unconditionally triggers the salivary reflex. Pavlov called drooling the unconditioned response and the food the unconditioned stimulus. Salvation in response to a tone is learned, it is conditioned upon the dogs associating the tone with the food it is called conditioned response (Myers, 2014, p.256). The stimulus that used to be neutral is the conditioned stimulus. I found it interesting and relating to everyday life because my dog often does the same. We keep his food in the garage so opening the garage door would be the conditioned stimulus. As soon as the garage door opens my dog begins to salivate which is the conditioned response. Whereas,
In the case study, Jim Colbert, a third grade teacher, struggles to help a boy named Carlos. This Public School 111 was located in a metropolitan, run down neighborhood. The school was surrounded by drug dealers and trash. However, the inside of the school was bright and welcoming. Here the students were placed according to their abilities, and Jim had a 3-A class for the high achieving students. Jim had a routine that he followed every day. He would take the learning and apply it to the student’s lives with practical examples. To begin the day Jim would go through the homework with the students, and here he began to notice that Carlos was misspelling many of his words. Carlos comprehended the readings, but he was behind in his spelling. Jim talked with the other third grade teacher, Paul, about Carlos. Then, he talked to Carlos about the problem, asking him if he could get help at home. Here Jim discovered that Carlos would get little to no help at home. Jim sent home a dictionary with Carlos so that he could check his spelling, and he saw
Classical conditioning states that learning is a gradual process, that it is not possible for a subject to be classically condition in only one trial. However, if you eat something and become sick from it, there is a very good probability that you will develop a strong distaste for that food. This effect is known as taste aversion, which has brought up many questions about classical conditioning.
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning play a huge role with the future use of a drug. First, just like in the theory of Pavlov, classical conditioning with the role of substance and addiction can start to form much similar. For example, if an individual sits in traffic after getting off work every day and pulls out marijuana to smoke in the car, the car will then start to become the conditioned stimulus to the substance, the individual will pair sitting in traffic now as its time for the daily joint. Since the car is now the conditioned stimulus to the individual, the person will now start to experience those cravings every time they are sitting in the car. Most of the time, the individual will experience relapse, since the body is now fully conditioned to
The two main forms of conditioning, are classical conditioning (learning by association), and operant condition (learning from consequences).Classical conditioning, is the learning process in which one is conditioned (learns) to respond to a neutral stimulus as if it were a meaningful stimulus. In operant conditioning, learning occurs through associations made between a behavior and the consequence that follows.
The procrastinators process may be different for everyone, buy without fail it has those same three characters that drive the brain. Urban got a large response from his blog, receiving emails from many readers. Urban described these emails with having an intense frustration about what procrastination had done to their lives, although some emails had a very light tone as well. Urban comes to the result that there are two types of procrastination. One, where there are deadlines and causes short term procrastination, and the second kind is where there is procrastination with no deadlines. The first kind, is temporary, and that is what Urban discussed before. For example, doing a paper the night before it’s due. The second kind, the long-term procrastination, is quite different. For example, “If you wanted a career where you are a self-starter—something in the arts, something entrepreneurial, --there’s no deadlines on those things at first, because nothings happening, not until you’ve gone out and done hard work to get momentum, to get things
Ivan Pavlov developed a theory called classical conditioning which proposes that learning process occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex like associating the food with the bell in Pavlov experiment. In classical conditioning, behavior is learnt by association where a stimulus that was originally neutral can become a trigger for substance use or cravings due to repeated associations between those stimuli and substance use (Pavlov, 1927).
Procrastination is a habit for her, but it didn't start to affect her until she reached High School. “I need them for a project at school” I said. “Hurry up then I need to finish this essay” she snarled back.
Classical conditioning is a technique of learning that occurs when an unconditional stimulus is paired with a conditional stimulus. The unconditional stimulus is biologically potent, the conditional stimulus is neutral (Kalat, 2011). Example of each is taste of food and sound of tuning fork respectively. After repeated pairing, the organism exhibits a conditional response to the conditional stimulus. The conditional response is similar to the unconditioned response though it is relatively impermanent and is acquired through experience (Kalat, 2011).
The strength of classical conditioning is that it can help to explain all aspects of human behavior. Any of behavior can broke down into stimulus-response association, so that according to the classical conditioning, conditioned stimulus will lead conditioned response to occur, then the scientist can observe and determine the behavior (McLeod, 2014). In the case of Pavlovian conditioning, he found that when the conditioned stimulus (bell) was paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food) was presented to the dog, it would start to salivate. After a number of repeated this procedures, Pavlov tried to ring his bell by its own...
...rs tend to overestimate the degree of unpleasantness of a task” (Lay, 46). Procrastination is a problem that when left unchecked can cause serious problems in every aspect of a person’s life. The solution for students can be as easy as sticking to a goal or as hard as denying themselves a prize when they missed the deadline on a project. The type of solution a person uses depends on what works best for that student, but a schedule to help stay goal positioned never hurt.
The definition of procrastination according to Solomon & Rothblum is the determined delay of the start or completion of a task (1984). Procrastinators will also differ from those who do not procrastinate in numerous ways. An example would be that procrastinators often fear failure, strive for perfection, may be slightly pessimistic and more anxious, which may become worse when they realize they are procrastinating (McCown & Johnson, 1991) or when deadlines are approaching (Tice & Baumeister, 1997). The personal and realistic problems that result from dysfunctional procrastination are predominantly acute in academics, as the inclination to put off school-related tasks often result in challenging levels of stress (Solomon & Rothblum 1984), on the whole the end of the academic semester would be the peak (Tice & Baumeister, 1997).
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning both played a key role in the history of the study of learning, but, as argued by B.F Skinner, there are key differences to be noted between the two (Gleitman, Gross, Reisberg, 2011).
From the time humans are born, they begin the process of learning and trying to understand the world. Conditioning is one way of learning in which a response becomes more frequent as a result of reinforcement. We can also learn through associations and punishments. There are two types of conditioning that will be discussed within this paper, classical conditioning and operant conditioning. I will further discuss how both classical and operant conditioning are prevalent within my article claims and then explain why both conditioning methods are important in everyday life.