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English as a foreign language Essay
English as an international language
English as a world language
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“THE CIVILIZATION IN AMITAV GHOSH’S NOVELS”
INTRODUCTION
English is a foreign language but since the British came to India the language has an impact on several fields in education, literary effort and as a medium of communication. Indian English Literature refers to that body of work by writers from India, who writes in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous regional and indigenous languages of India. English literature in India is also linked with the works of writers of the Indian Diaspora born in India but residing elsewhere. A pioneer of this literature was Raja Ram Mohan Roy whose prose works is note worthy. There were poets who are considered the first of the Indian English
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The works of Indian authors writing in English are often to be found on the best-seller list. They are also incurring and earning an immense amount of critical fame.
CIVILIZATION A Civilization is generally defined as an advanced state of human society containing highly developed forms of government, culture, industry and common social norms. Of course, not all scholars agree with this definition. In fact, there is much debate over what constitute a civilization and what does not. The definition the research scholar has provided is typically along the lines of what the commoner would see in the dictionary or in the text book. So, even if it is an over simplifaction, it is the commonly understood definition and for our purpose, the scholar will just go with it. The word itself comes from the Latin root civilis, meaning civil. The word civilization first began appearing during the Enlightment, this is not Surprise. The Enlightment was all about civilizing humankind, Using reason, education and science to bring people up to a high state of human functioning.
HIGH LIGHTS
• Developed a writing system – cuneiform
• Worshiped in a building called –
Civilization is the thing that keeps us in line. We have a system of checks and balances to make sure everyone behaves. If someone does something we believe to be morally wrong the person is punished. Take away civilization and society will go to ruin. People will revert back to their primal selves. Going on instinct and not intellect.
Webster's online dictionary defines civilization as "a society in an advanced state of social development". Without the restraints of society, the behaviour of people will regress to their savage beginnings, due to the fact that one's need for survival will overpower all other impulses. The descent into savagery, man's inherent desire to survive over anything else, and the need for civilization and order shows how society unnaturally holds everyone together. Society artificially bonds everything together by imposing rules and structures and without the reminders of civilization and its conventions the savagery of human nature emerges.
Around 3500 B.C.E to 3000 B.C.E., civilizations emerged in many places. Egypt and Mesoamerica are distinctive two of them. Considering the different aspects of civilization, historians can find some same characteristics and differences which are valuable for historians to understand civilization in-depth.
How do we, as humans, define civilization? What is it that exemplifies our commonality as a species and sets us apart from the common beast? Is it art, science, literature, technological advances, or the philosophical mind? In the Lord of the Flies, Golding successfully unravels our delicate perceptions about what makes us human through a series of haunting and powerfully constructed symbols; among the most integral are the beast, the Lord of the Flies itself, and the fire. Through his narrative, illumination is cast upon the evil inherent in human nature, and society is revealed as a weak and easily penetrable façade. Furthermore, our level of refinement is given light as an instrument for incomparable malevolence, enhancing our powers of destruction beyond that of any of our primal ancestors.
The dictionary version of a civilization is “the stage of human social and development organization that is considered most advanced”. Although by scientific standards that is correct, there is much more that goes into civilization. Although every civilization has rules,standards, and laws they also give people a choice. In the American constitution, it states”certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” This may seem like a simple or meaningless satinets to some. But for me it means everything. It describes how as human beings, we have the right to choose. That one ability to pursue the thing or things make them happy is just as important as their right to be unhappy.
After paraphrasing the text, the reader can define the term “civilization” as something representing a new type of society due to the high rate of productivity caused by Agricultural Revolution. Along with this newfound “civilization” came positive and negative effects that affected the way the society grew (or diminished). Every society has its on issues, specifically speaking, within this time period, sexism, slavery, illness, degradation of the environment, and economic inequality. Inequality seemed to be based on the same terms of to...
Western civilization can be seen from Egypt as early as 3000 B.C., when civilization was in its early stages. The Egyptians and Mesopotamian people groups started thoughts that are still connected with civilization today. These people groups started to advance with building up a composed dialect, sorting out urban communities, battling with issues that emerged with people now living more like each other, being subordinate upon each other for survival and wresting with legislative issues and administrative structure. Impacted by the Egyptians and Mesopotamian individuals, Romans and Greeks later assumed a key part in the development of civilization. These rising civilizations ambled through building up political frameworks, military fortifications,
Civilization is defined as the human social development in which people are “sophisticated” and “enlightened”. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, he writes a story about a Southern boy named Huck who befriends a black slave during the time of slavery. Twain shows us that the protagonist, Huck is not well educated by using the word “sivilized”, yet despite this, he is one of the most sophisticated and logical thinker in the story. Throughout his misadventures, Huck sees the inhumanity and lies in what is so called “sivilization”. The untold truths of a “sivilized” society leads Huck to later decides that there is no need for “sivilization” for it is just an empty word that defies logical ideas and clouds up the
A civilization is a society that has cities, skilled workers in different areas, institutions, a form of writing to keep record and technology that is advanced for the time.
All the way from the start of civilization through to the Early Christianity there has been a pantheon of; destruction, recognition, wars, cultural diffusion, religious breakthroughs, laws that have been established, kings and queens crowned and dethroned. The Mesopotamian Civilization it was the land between two rivers the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers that civilization first began.
Recent years have witnessed a large number of Indian English fiction writers who have stunned the literary world with their works. The topics dealt with are contemporary and populist and the English is functional, communicative and unpretentious. Novels have always served as a guide, a beacon in a conflicting, chaotic world and continue to do so. A careful study of Indian English fiction writers show that there are two kinds of writers who contribute to the genre of novels: The first group of writers include those who are global Indians, the diasporic writers, who are Indians by birth but have lived abroad, so they see Indian problems and reality objectively. The second group of writers are those born and brought up in India, exposed to the attitudes, morale and values of the society. Hence their works focus on the various social problems of India like the plight of women, unemployment, poverty, class discrimination, social dogmas, rigid religious norms, inter caste marriages, breakdown of relationships etc.
A civilization is the starting point of a society. Civilizations have existed for millions of years and are the basic unit of structure for a society. Civilizations were the base of great societies such as Egypt and Rome. If not for civilizations these societies would not have flourished or even existed.
Crane, Ralph J. Inventing India: A History of India in English Language Fiction. London: Macmillan, 1992.
For thousands of years, people all over the world have developed, progressed, and eventually formed civilizations. A civilization is a community characterized by elements such as a system of writing, a development of social classes, and cities. Early civilizations such as ancient Greece, classical Rome, Mesopotamia, and classical China have made many contributions to society that still affect people in the modern world. The inventions, progress, and contributions of the people of these ancient civilizations and others have shaped the world that we all live in today.
A Civilization is a group of people who work together. Therefore, what it means to be civilized is having a well organized, behaved, and ordered society. However, there are different, controversial strategies used to achieve an orderly civilization. So, being civilized can be positive or negative depending on how order is achieved. For example, a civilization can include a fair democracy where everyone is able to vote and participate in the government. In addition, there is equality among the citizens and everyone shares the same rights. In contrast, being civilized could mean having a harsh dictator control the civilization. There is still a well-organized and behaved society, but that is accomplished out of fear and there is no equality. The pros of a civilization are that the economy generally is very strong and functions well, infrastructure is constantly being improved, and the society itself continues to grow and accomplish new things. Cons of a civilization, especially a civilization that is lead by a dictator, is that citizens may not all be equal, or share the same rights, and there may be forced labor. Ralph and Piggy in Lord of the Flies are considered civilized because both use tools of civilization, contribute to maintaining a well organized civilization by using their knowledge and leadership skills, and stay innocent/ not let