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Factors influencing language change
An academic essay about endangered languages
An academic essay about endangered languages
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Recommended: Factors influencing language change
Cherokee: An Endangered Language
In the United States, an emphasize in learning the dominant language, English for example, can inevitably put other languages within the country in extinction. In reality, there are many other spoken languages in the United Sates, like those spoken by Native Americans, that are becoming endangered because of the immensity of more used languages. One may ask, what is an endangered language? According to Michael Cahill (Bonvillain), who has studied and researched many different endangered languages around the world, a language is endangered when "it is in fairly eminent danger of dying out." Cahill states two ways to quickly identify when a language is on its way to becoming endangered. One is when the "children in the community do not speak the native language of their parents, and the other is when there are only a small number of people left in the ethnolinguistic community" that know how to speak the language (Bonvillain). In specific, the Cherokee language fits into the category of an endangered language in the United Sates because less and less speakers speak it and because it is taught less often to younger generations as well. Although Cherokee, a language containing its own rules in grammar, morphemes, syntax, and phonetics, was once a language spoken in vast areas around the United States by native peoples, the language struggles to survive albeit historical foreign attack and current domination of other languages such as English.
The Cherokee language is spoken today by about fourteen thousand people in western North Carolina and northeastern Oklahoma. During the period in which American natives faced European invasion, three major dialects were recognized (Power Source). These di...
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Even though the dominance of a language can allow for the loss of a culture, it can also bring awareness. In schools, local community centers and other various places, foreign languages are taught, not only do non-native speakers take on these languages but native speakers do as well to keep their culture. By doing so it “revitalizes cultures and cultural artifacts through foreign influences, technologies, and markets.” (Gerdes
Far from the Apache, on the opposite side of the continent, the Cherokee nation was a southeastern tribe that, at their peak, spanned mu...
Thornton, Russell, Matthew C Snipp, and Nancy Breen. The Cherokees: A Population History Indians of the Southeast. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1990.
A culture and language that has taken centuries to develop has rapidly faded away in the span of a few years. A culture and language of value, respect, and beauty, of a people that have educated us on how to survive, people that we owe not only our lives to, but the lives of our ancestors to. A form of Native American English called Lumbee English is a language primarily spoken in Robeson County North Carolina by a tribe known as the Lumbee Indians, who are the largest group of Native Americans East of the Mississippi River. According to research conducted by linguists Walt Wolfram and Clare Dannenberg, Lumbees make up forty percent of the county’s population where they live amongst African Americans and Europeans, who they receive a lot of
Ordinarily, Native American tribes were separated by ethno-linguistic groups. The immense linguistic diversity was due to the isolation and disperses of the tribes all throughout the United States. The surviving languages were not numerous and they had the widest geographic distribution that was all over the country. A few became combined with roots of other tribe languages, which evolved new languages and dialects causing a great deal of miscellany and variety. Unfortunately, a large quantity of these languages became extinct with the European contact the...
Across Canada and the United States there are many First Nations languages which are a part of the Algonquian language family, all of which with varying states of health. Although these languages share many characteristics of the Algonquian language family, the cultures, systems of beliefs, and geographic location of their respective Nations differentiate them. In being shaped by the landscape, cultures, and spirituality of the First Nations, the language brings the speakers closer to their land and traditions while reaffirming their identity as First Peoples. Using the Blackfoot Nation to further explore this concept, this paper will show that while language threads together First Nations culture, spirituality, traditions and land, as well as their identity, each of these essential components also maintain and revitalize the language.
2. “Cherokee Culture and History.” Native Americans: Cherokee History and Culture. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Mar. 2014. .
The Iroquois includes many Indian tribes speaking a language of the Iroquoian family, such as the Huron, Mohawk, Onondaga, and Seneca among others. However, the Huron is often spoken of separately. The Iroquois differs from the Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Iroquois League. All of them were affected by the arrival and colonization by Europeans. While Iroquois have a reputation of being violent, they were at times peaceful and were employed by different European companies; they also spread their culture and some European ideas with them. The Iroquois League has been said to have influenced the Founding Fathers, but is that true? Another question is whether the Iroquois were cannibals. They believed in witchcraft, but witchcraft
Do you know how the Navajo code talkers all started? Navajo code talkers got introduced slightly after WW1. First the World War happened because the Japanese attacked the U.S. on December 7th, 1941 in Hawaii. That was a quiet relatively big event and was named the Pearl Harbor attack. Well the Navajo code talkers were a pretty big part in the WW2, so i’m going to tell you why. Slightly after the first World War Philip Johnston was very interested in the Navajo language. Well Mr. Johnston wanted to tell Major James E. about it because he thought it would be a good idea and they would be useful so he presented it to him. As a result got presented to him he thought it would be a good idea.
advantage of the rich black soil for farming. Corn was their main source of food,
In old, but not so ancient times, native americans populated our land widely with different tribes diverged. One of the most widely known and popular tribes was named the Cherokee tribe and was formed as early as 1657. Their history is vast and deep, and today we will zone into four major points of their culture: their social organizations and political hierarchy, the tribe’s communication and language, a second form of communication in their arts and literature, and the Cherokee’s religion.
The statistics of those not speaking English could lead to the idea that English is diminishing in certain sections of the United States. An example of this is shown in the article “Why the U.S. Needs an Official Languag...
It is often misunderstood that people cannot communicate effectively without the use of spoken language. Silence can be interpreted to mean many things depending the culture. More often than not prolonged silence is attributed to aloofness, rudeness, or defectiveness as we see with the Apache. People who utilize sign language and are incapable of spoken language are also seen differently. In this article review we will look at Culture, and Society: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology (Pg. 73-86 Salzmann 2012) and “To Give Up on Words” Silence in Western Apache Culture (Pg. 559-567 Basso 1970).
For this summary I watched a video called Voices of the World: The Extinction of Language and Linguistic Diversity. The video starts off with how people believe that there are about 6, 000 languages. David Crystal talks about how with all these different languages half of them are endangered of becoming extinct. Each different language offers a different point of view of the world and culture. He said that if different languages are lost then “we lose the meaning what is it to be human.”
Wolfram, Walt. (2003). Reexamining the Development of African American English: Evidence from Isolated Communities. Language, 79, 2.