Characteristics Of VANET

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CHARACTERISTICS AND CHALLENGES OF VANET
1.1 Characteristics of VANET [2, 5]:
Dynamic topology-One of the most important characteristics of VANET is dynamic topology. In this nodes or vehicles move with high speed in respect to each other.
No power constraints and adequate storage -In VANET, we are using vehicles as nodes instead of other devices so vehicles have sufficient amount of energy and power including both processing and storage; so the battery power and storage is not an issue in VANET.
Frequent network disconnection-In VANET, vehicles move very frequently on the roads, in the network due to this the link connectivity in VANET also change frequently. The chances of network disconnection are high when the density of vehicle is low.
Mobility modeling and prediction-Due to high dynamic topology, mobility modeling and prediction play very important role for designing the data dissemination in VANET.
Different communication environments-VANET has two types of environments i.e. highway environment & city environment. In highway traffic environment, the communication is comparatively simpler and straight forward. But in city traffic environment It become quite complex as compare to highway traffic environment.
1.2 Challenges of VANET [6, 7]:
Hidden terminal problem- This problem may occurs when two or more objects sends packets, these packets are not within the direct transmission range of each other. Collide at the common receiver node.
Error prone shared ratio- In VANET, during propagation the radio wave go through several impairments such as attenuation, multipath propagation and interference.
Insecure medium- In VANET, due to broadcasting nature communication is not secure. It is hard for these networks to support different ...

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...warding. This protocol also adopt periodic broadcast i.e. used for reduced network fragmentation. In this protocol, a busted vehicle disseminate an alert message to all vehicles in the group and the neighbor which received alert message analyze its applicability based on their location informing to the risk area.
Robust Vehicular Routing Protocol (ROVER) [9] is geographical multicast protocol. In ROVER, control packets are using broadcasting and data packets are using unicasting mechanism. The main goal of this protocol is to broadcast a message to all presented vehicles in the specified zone of relevance (ZOR). ZOR can be designate as a rectangle specified by its corner coordinates. In this, a message can be described by using three terms called triplet (application, message, ZOR). If the vehicle within its ZOR and received a message then it accepts that message.

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