Cesure and Sympathy in Oedipus the King

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Sophocles translates his philosophy of life, of there being a harmony in the workings out of the universal order of things, into a harmony in Oedipus Rex. In the play, Oedipus, for instance, is a free agent with, however, certain limits upon his freedom of action as determined by the will of the gods; a transgression by Oedipus would lead to intervention by the gods since justice must prevail as is evident by the admission of chorus in the play

("But all eyes fail before time's eye, / All actions come to justice there.").

This view of a just universal order is maintained, in the play, by Sophocles through a careful and effective blending of sympathy and censure in his play Oedipus Rex which ultimately results in a moving tragedy.

Oedipus is not presented by Sophocles as a mere puppet. It is precisely his own search for the truth about his identity that eventually leads to his downfall; Oedipus' stubborn attitude even calls forth Jocasta's lamentations

("He will listen to any voice that speaks disaster, / And my voice goes for nothing.").

Sophocles, thus, censures Oedipus who is not a victim of fate but is instead responsible for his own doom. Similarly, Oedipus chooses to gouge out his eyes when he is encountered with the truth about his identity. Oedipus' confession

"But the blinding hand was my own!",

meaning that the above act was self-willed, invites criticism of his hot temper and his rash behaviour.

Oedipus is further censured for his overweening pride in his intellectual abilities. In his encounter with Teiresias, he reminds the blind prophet that it was he, of all involved, who solved the riddle of the Sphinx; he challenges Teiresias

"And this is the man you think you can destroy,"

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...hebes from the murderous plague, win him the respect and applause of the audience and he seems genuinely good.

Moreover, Oedipus commits the sinful acts of parricide and incest in ignorance which further buys sympathy for him by mitigating his responsibility in the errors committed by him. Thus, Sophocles shows that Oedipus is not only admirable but also innocent; his pride is presented as an intellectual rather than a moral shortcoming leading to Oedipus' moral innocence winning not just the sympathy but also the hearts of the audience.

Thus Sophocles has successfully harmonized censure and sympathy in his play Oedipus Rex by, on the one hand, casting Oedipus in a very pitiable light as a result of his misfortune, and, on the other hand, exposing the flaws in Oedipus'character in such a way as to invite strong condemnation of his failings.

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