Discussion Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by motor performance and postural challenges appearing early in life. Impaired muscle strength and tonicity are major predictors of poor motor control affecting the ability for children with CP to develop age appropriate milestones including ambulation and other functional skills. Muscle weakness is associated with abnormal bone development (Stevenson, Conaway, Barrington, Cuthill, Worley & Henderson, 2006). The prevention and treatment of muscle weakness and bone fragility are critical areas of research in children with cerebral palsy. The main purpose of this paper was to review and appraise literature related to whole body vibration in children with cerebral palsy and its efficacy in their …show more content…
2010), by increasing muscle strength and bone mineral density (de Zepetnek, 2009). It is important to mention that balance control resides in a combination of musculoskeletal actions; for children with cerebral palsy, disturbances on those areas make the recovering from the effects of slips or trips very challenging due to their instability many times resulting in despicable falls and fractures. A meta – analysis previously conducted, showed that gait and balance challenges are the most predictors of future falls (Henderson, 2002). Scientific researches on the benefits of WBV on fitness and health have been limited and mostly devoted to the adult …show more content…
Two of the tests used parametric statistics while the other two produced analyses from non-parametric methods. The study by Ibraim, Eid, & Moawd (2012) reported improvement in knee extensors muscle strength combine with the decrease spasticity in the same muscle group, increase in walking speed, and improvement in motor function in walking, running and jumping when using WBV. Similar results in walking speed after WBV were obtained from the study conducted by Ruck, Chabot & Rauch (2010) reporting a 38% improvement comparing with no changes in the control group. In the research done by Wren, Lee, Rethlensen, Kay, Drey & Gilsanz (2020) data collected showed increased of cortical bone area in the tibial diaphysis and bone accretion on the tibial midshaft after WBV. Interesting enough, in the only other study addressing bone density directly (Ruck, Chabot & Rauch, 2010) decreased values were obtained when using whole body vibration therapy. In the study by Olama & Thabit (2010) evaluating balance control, improvements in postural stability, balance and coordination where obtained comparing suspension and WBV therapy with post- treatment values in favor of suspension therapy. Two of the studies exhibited negative NNT where the control groups performed better than the experimental groups: one it its totality and the other in one of the variables
Jones, D., & Whitaker, T. (2011). Preventing falls in older people: assessment and interventions. Nursing Standard, 25(52), 50-55.
Fatigue, decreased mobility and impaired balance from the rheumatoid and osteoarthritis pain also increases the risk of falls (Stanmore et al., 2013). Age related changes such as sarcopenia causes muscle tone and strength to decrease, especially in the lower limbs and as a result, balance and gait become impaired (Culross, 2008). These factors significantly influence the risk of falls and also affect the ability to carry out daily activities therefore, with a physiotherapists assistance, the nurse could introduce a personalised exercise regime to enhance muscle tone and strength (Culross, 2008). According to Neuberger et al (1997), exercise lessens fatigue and improves muscle tone and balance in older people. Recommending an exercise programme for Mrs Jones that incorporates strength training exercises and aerobics, could potentially improve muscle tone and strength and as a result improve mobility, balance and lessen the risk of falls (Bird, Pittaway, Cuisick, Rattray & Ahuja, 2013). The nurse could also suggest safety precautions such as advising Mrs Jones to use a mobility aid (Gooberman-Hill & Ebrahim,
“Some things may never get better, but your ability to deal with that problem will improve.” This was said by, Wayne Kirk. In the book, Out of My Mind by Sharon Draper, the main character Melody was born with cerebral palsy. She has an active and bright mind but you are not able to see that because she can’t use her words to speak. Having a child with special needs is extremely challenging. You don’t get the chance to watch them grow up like the other kids, you watch them struggle and fight to be heard. Even though children with special needs don’t always struggle or fight. They are still trying hard to be like the children they are always around, like their classmates or even siblings.
Sankar, C; Mandkur, N. (2005). Cerebral Palsy-Definition, Classification, Etiology and Early Diagnosis. Symposium on Developmental and Behavioural Disorders. 72 (10), 865-868.
Wolf, S. L., Barnhart, H. X., Kutner, N. G., McNeely, E., Cooler, C., Xu, T. (1996). Reducing fraility and falls in older persons: an investigation of Tai Chi and computerized balance training. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 44, 489-497.
During testing, most patients are found to need correction in all 14 balance tests, depending on the ailment the patient complains of and how well they react to the muscle correction will tell whether or not further treatment is needed. The physical aspect of the therapy, despite the name and basic principles, is not the only aspect required for optimal results. One must also report lifestyle and diet changes ranging from daily stress levels to pat...
Many people have heard the term cerebral palsy and may have a personal perception about the appearance and effects of this
In the 1960’s, an Austrian pediatrician, Dr. Andres Rett, recognized a few of his female patients with similar indications of having some type of neurologic disorder but did not fit the cerebral palsy classification (Zoghbi, 2002). Without the knowledge of earlier research, a Swedish physician, Bengt Hagberg, began to openly speak about his observations similarly to Dr. Andres Rett records (Zoghbi, 2002). Bengt Hagberg observed numerous of female patients with this unknown syndrome and was curious in their wringing hand movement that no textbook had information on. In June 1981 Dr. Neil Gordon hosted a board meeting of the European Federations of Child Neurology Societies in Manchester and Bengt Hagberg had the opportunity to share his studies there. The discussion group had other pediatric neurologists that had seen the same behaviors but they all were unable to categorize it into its own identity. As years past, this syndrome has increased and neurologist began to evaluate this syndrome t...
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a condition marked by impaired muscle coordination and other disabilities, which causes damage to the brain before and during birth. Cerebral palsy is a static disorder of the brain, not a progressive disorder. This mean that the disorder or disease process will not get worse as time goes on. Nor are the motor disorders associated with cerebral palsy temporary. (Miller and Bachrach pg. 3) Cerebral Palsy affects the nervous system by having dysfunctions, in movements such as, learning, hearing, seeing, and thinking. During the first 3 to 5 years of a child's life Cerebral Palsy occur because the baby's brain is still developing. (CP is one of the most common congenital (existing before birth or at birth) disorders of childhood). Spastic, athetoid, ataxic and dystonic are all different types of Cerebral Palsy. Majority of circumstances with children having CP are unknown, then again numerous results show problems during pregnancy in which the brain is damaged or doesn't develop normally. “This can be due to infections, maternal health problems, a genetic disorder, or something else that interferes with normal brain development.” Cerebral palsy is also caused by injuries and abnormalities of the brain; as the baby grows in the womb these problems occur. Some causes may lead to problems with brain development which include:
Dr. William Little wrote the first medical description of the disorder in the 1860’s. He thought most cases of CP were caused by complications at birth resulting in lack of oxygen to the brain. Cerebral Palsy was called Little's disease for many years. CP refers to neurological disorders that appear in early childhood and affect movement and coordination (“Cerebral Palsy: Hope”). Although CP is caused by damage to the motor areas of the brain and affects body movement and muscle coordination, it is not caused by problems in the muscles o...
When taking steps to analyze and apply intervention strategies for falls, we must examine the factors that cause these occurrences. There are numerous reasons that falls occur, such as intrinsic and or extrinsic risk factors. Intrinsic risk factors for falls may be due to changes that are part of the normal aging process and acute or chronic conditions. According to Zheng, Pan and Hua et al. (2013), about 35-45 percent of individuals who are usually older than 65 years and other 50 percent of the elderly individuals report cases of fall every year. Extrinsic factors are those related to physical environment such as lack of grab bars, poor condition of floor surfaces, inadequate or improper use of assistive devices (Currie). Patient falls is not an easy thing to eliminate. With many clinical challenges, there’s no easy answer to the challenges posed by patient falls; howe...
Further evidence to support Oswold’s theory about SWS, comes from the idea that more physical exercise would lead to more SWS because the body needs more repair.
As we move on in lines 15 and 16 we get the first impressions of the
Traumatic brain injuries, broken hips, loss of independence and death are some of falls' most serious outcomes (Williams, Szekendi, & Thomas, 2014). Therefore, we need fall prevention strategies and tools to define and measure falls. Ultimately that wills assist health care teams to identify risks and target prevention strategies. The purpose of this stud...
Several meta-analyses have looked at the overall effectiveness of hippotherapy and therapeutic riding studies in children with CP.10,14,25 A 2007 meta-analysis by Sterba stated that research suggests that therapists and physicians can recommend hippotherapy as a medically indicated therapy for gross motor rehabilitation in children with CP.14 Sterba also states, however, that further studies with blind assessment, control groups, and larger sample sizes are needed.14 In 2011, Zadnikar and Kastrin concluded that the results of their meta-analysis, “…clearly demonstrate that riding therapy is indicated to improve postural control and balance in children with CP.”10 They also commented about sample sizes being too small and that CP management in all therapy, not just hippotherapy, is complex due to the diversity within the population itself.10 Lastly, a 2013 meta-analysis by Tseng and colleagues found insufficient evidence that long-term hippotherapy provided significant benefit to children with CP.25 Based on these meta-analyses, it is clear that more research must be done with larger samples sizes over longer treatment durations with randomization and application of control