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Cellulitis Cellulitis is an infection that affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which is the innermost layer of skin composed of connective and adipose tissues. Without proper assessment and treatment, the infection may be prolonged or spread to other areas of the body. To treat cellulitis effectively, the correct bacteria must be identified in order to prescribe the appropriate antibiotics. Thorough and accurate assessment is key to effective treatment.
Cellulitis overview Symptoms of cellulitis are acute in nature, typically consisting of warmness, swelling, redness and pain of the skin. Whole body symptoms can include flu like symptoms such as fever, chills or malaise. Common bacteria responsible for cellulitis are streptococcus
Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(1):124–125. Puchenkova, S. G. (1996). "
Habif, Thomas P. "Hidradenitis Suppurativa." Skin Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby, 2005. 102-03. Print.
Another condition associated with the integumentary system is impetigo. This skin condition is mostly seen in children. This condition of the skin is very easy to diagnose and is usually done with the doctor just looking at the patients affected area. The doctor may take a piece of the sore and send it to a lab to get a clearer diagnosis of impetigo.. impetigo ia contagious and can be spread by sharing towels and close contact. It also can be spread by scratching. The symptoms of impetigo are small red bumps around the mouth and nose area. Blisters and crusty sores are also symptoms. The treatment for impetigo is antibiotics. In a mild case of impetigo antibiotic ointment or cream is prescribed. In severe cases the doctor prescribes antibiotic pills to the patient.
Hypothesis about signs and symptoms: Symptoms: cramping, diarrhea, and dehydration. These symptoms were thought to be due to the disease withdrawing fluid from the blood and irritating the stomach and
Symptoms for urethritis are mild including frequency of urination and pyuria (presence of white blob cells in the urine). Cystitis (bladder infection) symptoms are easier to distinguish and include back pain, concentrated appearance, urgency, hematuria (presence of red blood cells in the urine), a...
The methods doctors use to remove Molluscum Contagiosum bumps include: Scraping, Freezing (cryotherapy), and Laser therapy
“The doctor of the future will give no medication, but will interest his patients in the care of the human frame, diet and in the cause and prevention of disease” by Thomas A. Edison. Chiropractors use hands-on spinal manipulation and other alternative treatments on the spine which will enable the body to heal itself without surgery or medication. Chiropractic care began in 1895 when its founder, Daniel David Palmer, claimed any and all diseases could be healed by nothing more than just his hands. Dr. Palmer examined a janitor who was deaf for 17 years after the janitor felt his back was out of place, so Dr. Palmer gave an adjustment to what was felt to be a misplaced vertebra in the upper back. The janitor then observed that his hearing improved thanks to Dr. Palmer. Chiropractors use manipulation to restore mobility to joints restricted by tissue injury caused by sitting without proper back support. Chiropractic is primarily used as a pain relief alternative for muscles, joints, bones, and connective tissue, such as cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. About 22 million Americans visit chiropractors annually
This condition is uncommon in children, yet having this condition can create psychological distress and predisposes the child to recurrent cutaneous fungal infections. The treatment for this diagnosis is similar to Tinea Capitis in the fact that it includes administering oral antifungal medications for an extensive period of time along with topical applicatons. The term used for fungal infections of the nail is known as onychomycosis. The dermatophte responsible for this is named Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum). This organism usually invades through the plantar skin lateral to the nail, then continues to the underside of the nail. This causes the child's inflammatory response to react resulting in thickening of the nail plate, formation of subungual debris, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. Then it spreads and can become so severe that it causes permanent scarring of the nail matrix. Signs and symptoms of this condition are distal and lateral separation of the nail plate from the nail bed (onycholysis) and accumulation of keratin debris under the nail (subungual hyperkeratosis), and yellowish nail discoloration with thickening of the nail. This is usually diagnosed through laboratory tests by clipping the nail, fungal cultures, and microscopic potassium hydroxide
The majority of clinical cases of laminitis occur at pasture where there is an accumulation of rapidly fermentable non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) such as fructans, simple sugars or starches (Geor, 2010). Pasture-associated laminitis has major economic and welfare implications in the equine sector. Increased risk factors include insulin resistance, increased insulin secretory response, hypertriglyceridaemia and obesity (Asplin, et al., 2007;Carter, et al., 2009 and de Laat, et al., 2010). Insulin resistance has been associated with a number of problems in the horse, most notably laminitis. Insulin resistance can be defined as a physiological condition in which cells have a diminished response to normal actions of the hormone insulin. Insulin is produced but the cells become resistant and are less capable in transporting glucose from the bloodstream to muscle and other tissues. In horses, insulin resistance is associated with a number of diseases such as Equine Metabolic Syndrome (Powell, et al., 2002; Hoffman, et al., 2003;Vick, et al., 2006 and Frank, et al., 2009), Equine Cushing Disease (McGowan, et al., 2004 and Walsh, et al., 2009) and Laminitis (Treiber, et al., 2006;Bailey, et al., 2007;McGowan, 2008 and Geor, 2008). Obesity and insulin resistance in ponies has become a common problem and there is a growing awareness on the role that diet and exercise has to play (Jeffcott, et al., 1986; Frank, et al., 2006 and Vick & Adams, 2007). Over-expressed adipocytokines, such as leptin, have been suggested to impair insulin signalling and cause the up regulation of inflammatory cytokines. This then further contributes to impaired insulin signalling and endothelial dysfunction (Radin, et al., 2009). The restriction of energy throu...
Cellulitis is an acute spreading bacterial infection of the connective tissue, dermis and subcutaneous layers of the skin (ProQuest 07/2012 pg.5). Characterized by redness, swelling, warmth, tight/shiny skin and pain. It is sometimes accompanied by fever, swollen lymph nodes, chills and fatigue. Cellulitis first appears on pink-to-red minimally inflamed skin. The area of infection rapidly becomes deeper red and increases in size as the infection spreads. Occasionally, red streaks may radiate outward from cellulitis. Blisters or pus filled bumps may also be present (skinsight 12/2012 pg.5). The main culprit is the bacteria Streptococcus and Staphylococcus which can enter through a break in the skin.
The symptomatology of a C. trachomatis infection is often lead by complaints of yellow and purulent vaginal discharge, abnormal bleeding between periods and after sexual intercourse, and sometimes pain in the lower abdomen. Occasionally, there are urinary symptoms such as painful urination or a burning sensation when urinating, having to urinate more frequently (polyuria), or trouble urinating. Men may present with similar symptoms such as a mucus and fluid discharge from the urethra and urinary complaints. A rarer occurrence is testicular pain, tenderness, and swelling known as epididymitis. It is possible for patients to present with a rectal infection involving pain and swelling of the rectum, or even an eye infection known as conjunctivitis.
What is gangrene? Is it “green”? The word gangrene comes from the Latin word gangreana and the Greek word gangraina, which both mean "purification of tissues". There is no link to the English word "green". (Nordqvist) Gangrene is localized death of soft tissue, caused by prolonged interruption of the blood supply that may result from injury or infection. Human cells require nutrients and oxygen to survive and they get this from blood. If cell blood supply goes down below a certain level, the cells will become damaged and will eventually die. Organisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi attack tissues and cells. Our white blood cells and the Thymus cells (T-cells) form part of our immune system and fight germs. If the blood supply is cut there, will be no white cells or T-cells to stop the organisms from multiplying and causing an infection. (Nordqvist) Diseases in which gangrene is prone to occur include arteriosclerosis, diabetes, Raynaud’s disease, Buerger’s disease, and typhus. It may also occur fro...
Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis — the flap at the base of the tongue that keeps food from going into the trachea . Due to its place in the airway, swelling of this structure can interfere with breathing, and constitutes a medical emergency. Infection can cause the epiglottis to obstruct or completely close off the windpipe.
The skin is part of the integumentary system; it is the largest organ of the body. The skin helps regulate body temperature, permits the sensations of touch, and protects the body from external infection. (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, & Bucher, 2014). Overtime mostly with bed bound patients the skin develops injuries due to prolonged pressure on the bony surface of the body and this is called pressure ulcer. A Pressure ulcer is a “localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue (usually over a bony prominence) as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear and/ or friction.” (Lewis, et al., 2014, p. 184).
There are many factors that go along with who gets Sarcoidosis as well as how it affects the people with Sarcoidosis. These factors include age, race, gender as well as genetics. While Sarcoidosis can occur in all age groups, races, and genders, Sarcoidosis generally does not occur in some as often as others. The most common age groups that are affected by Sarcoidosis are people between the ages 20-40. In addition, women as well as African Americans have a bigger risk of developing Sarcoidosis. Furthermore, an individual is much more likely to receive the disease if a family member has had the disease