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Religious motives for imperialism
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The ceaseless slaughter, which occurred on the Western Front during World War I, raised uncertainty among the colonies regarding Europe’s suitability to rule. Due to the unnecessary and extensive death of youth in Europe, the famous image of Europeans being superior and civilized beings slowly diminished. As a result, some of the top thinkers and political leaders among the colonized individuals of Africa and Asia openly criticized the Europeans and expressed their overall disillusionment with the West. In the excerpts on page 658 titled, “Lessons for the Colonized from the Slaughter in the Trenches,” the writers from these civilizations champion various aspects of their own culture, both explicitly and implicitly, as alternatives to the West; …show more content…
For instance, Mohandas Gandhi stated that, “India’s destiny lies not along the bloody way of the West, but along the bloodless way of peace that comes from a simple and godly life” (658). This implicitly suggests that the Indians are better than the Europeans due to their religious beliefs, and thus, if they separate themselves from Europe, they can attain peace. He is also ridiculing how Europeans achieve peace through bloodshed, making a point that Indians can do so in a humble and modest way—simply by accepting faith. Gandhi goes so far to say that “Europeans themselves will have to remodel their outlooks if they are not to perish under the weight of the comforts to which they are becoming slaves” (658). This statement is stereotypical of Europeans because it is grouping all of them as materialistic and selfish beings. In addition, Leopold Sedar Senghor, a Senegalese poet and political leader, champions people from his own civilization by criticizing the white people. In what seems to be a message addressing God, Senghor reflects on “white hands that fired the shots which brought the empires crumbling” (658). He goes on to say that “hands that flogged the slaves… Chalk-white hands that buffeted You [Jesus Christ], powered painted hands that buffeted me” (658). While he champions his civilizations lack of activity in slavery and praises their continued loyalty to Jesus Christ, his statements are stereotypical for obvious reasons. Senghor’s remarks typecast Europeans as vicious people altogether; he is essentially saying that all white people are evil, while all the people from his civilization are humble and good. This is a rash and baseless suggestion that not only stereotypes the Europeans, but those from his civilization as well. Furthermore, West Indian poet Aime Cesaire highlights his own civilization by making an
Everyone knows what war is. It's a nation taking all of its men, resources, weapons and most of its money and bearing all malignantly towards another nation. War is about death, destruction, disease, loss, pain, suffering and hate. I often think to myself why grown and intelligent individuals cannot resolve matters any better than to take up arms and crawl around, wrestle and fight like animals. In All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque puts all of these aspects of war into a vivid story which tells the horrors of World War 1 through a soldier's eyes. The idea that he conveys most throughout this book is the idea of destruction, the destruction of bodies, minds and innocence.
The Comradeship of War in All Quiet on the Western Front War can destroy a young man, mentally and physically. One might say that nothing good comes out of war, but in Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front, there is one positive characteristic: comradeship. Paul and his friends give Himmelstoss a beating, which he deserves due to his training tactics. This starts the brotherhood of this tiny group. As explosions and gunfire sound off, a young recruit in his first battle is gun-shy and seeks reassurance in Paul's chest and arms, and Paul gently tells him that he will get used to it.
Tim O’Brien states in his novel The Things They Carried, “The truths are contradictory. It can be argued, for instance, that war is grotesque. But in truth war is also beauty. For all its horror, you can’t help but gape at the awful majesty of combat” (77). This profound statement captures not only his perspective of war from his experience in Vietnam but a collective truth about war across the ages. It is not called the art of combat without reason: this truth transcends time and can be found in the art produced and poetry written during the years of World War I. George Trakl creates beautiful images of the war in his poem “Grodek” but juxtaposes them with the harsh realities of war. Paul Nash, a World War I artist, invokes similar images in his paintings We are Making a New World and The Ypres Salient at Night. Guilaume Apollinaire’s writes about the beautiful atrocity that is war in his poem “Gala.”
Throughout their lives, people must deal with the horrific and violent side of humanity. The side of humanity is shown through the act of war. This is shown in Erich Remarque’s novel, “All Quiet on the Western Front”. War is by far the most horrible thing that the human race has to go through. The participants in the war suffer irreversible damage by the atrocities they witness and the things they go through.
Have you ever thought about what it was like to live during World War 1, or what it was like to fight at war? At first glance of any war piece, you might think the author would try to portray the soldiers as mentally tough and have a smashing conscience. Many would think that fighting in a war shows how devoted you are to your country, however, that is not true. According to All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque, the reality of a soldier's life is despondency, carnage and eradication at every bombardment. Living every day is not knowing if they will eat, see their families, or even if they will awaken the next day. Demeaning themselves from heroes to barely men without their military garment or identity. Remarque conveyed how
Warfare has always been experienced differently by men and women. In many cases, men are in the frontline and face different conditions as compared to women who are on the home front. World War I is one of the most discussed wars that the world has experienced so far. The sheer extent to which the war affected people in different countries around the different continents around the world is appalling. The structure of the society was shaken by World War I. People no longer lived according to the norms they had known before. Both men and women had to adjust in order to fit the societal experience brought about by the war. Though suffering was experienced by both men and women despite where they were during the war, their experiences were completely different thus making it important to look at these experiences from a deeper perspective.
Throughout what we have read, one of the most prominent themes that accompany Werner's view of the story is fear. Deep down Werner knows that what he's doing is wrong, what they're teaching him in that academy is wrong, even his sister, Jutta, and his friend Frederick, have warned him that what they're doing is wrong. Yet he still refuses to acknowledge the fact that they may be correct. Frederick has spoken up against many doings bravely, without hesitation. Such as when the Russian prisoner was strapped against a pole in the freezing weather and had each and every student throw a bucket of water on him. Come Frederick's turn, he refuses, dumping the water on the ground a total of three times, "I will not." (Page 227) he says. He speaks up when something isn't right, very much unlike Werner. Werner is afraid of what could happen to him had he done the same in any other situation. Frederick was beaten nearly to death because he spoke up, what could happen to Werner? The fear is what holds him back. The denial. When Frederick had invited Werner over to
All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque is about a German soldier, Paul Baumer, 19, and about his and his friends trials they go through while serving in World War I. The trials Paul goes through are not only physical stress but also mental stress. With all he has been through, Paul feels as though he is detached from civilian life and feels so young but witness too much more then he should have at his age.
"...no nation is rich enough to pay for both war and civilization. We must make our choice; we cannot have both."
Superstition, astrology, and magic defined medical knowledge in the early middle ages. Hygiene was poor and diets lacked nutrients needed to maintain good health. Ideas that stars controlled one’s health or that four humors had influence over health were common. Many saw illness as God’s punishment for an individual’s sins. Diseases and infections were constant threats to medieval society, and they did not understand the real causes of the maladies. Battlefield and Civil medicine more or less overlapped because the battlefield was a sort of proving ground for medieval medicine. War injuries and diseases common to soldiers generated advancements in medical knowledge, techniques, and technology in the Middle Ages.
All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Remarque, is a classic anti-war novel about the personal struggles and experiences encountered by a group of young German soldiers as they fight to survive the horrors of World War One. Remarque demonstrates, through the eyes of Paul Baumer, a young German soldier, how the war destroyed an entire generation of men by making them incapable of reintegrating into society because they could no longer relate to older generations, only to fellow soldiers.
World War I is a commonly studied event in history. Many researchers have put considerable time and effort into researching and analyzing the causes, events, and effects of the war. There are countless books on the matter as well. Most of this is focused on the cause and effects of the war or the events of the war from a strategic and/or military standpoint. Stephane Audouin-Rouzeau and Annette Becker take a different approach in 14-18: Understanding the Great War. They offer a new way of understanding World War I with a focus on the three aspects of the war that they consider most often overlooked by other historians: the horrific violence of the war, the war as a crusade, and the overwhelming grief felt as a result of the war. They use these aspects to provide a complete understanding of the war and to show how it made subsequent conflicts possible. Their method of research and writing is different as well. They display an obvious awareness of over reliance on and lack of analysis of many primary sources used by historians. Audoin-Rouzeau and Becker not only use and analyze some of these primary sources in a in their context, but also provide some analysis and discussion of other historians writings as well.
While the economic and political damage of the scramble for Africa crippled the continent’s social structure, the mental warfare and system of hierarchy instituted by the Europeans, made the continent more susceptible to division and conquest. The scramble for partition commenced a psychological warfare, as many Africans were now thrust between the cultural barriers of two identities. As a result, institutions for racial inferiority became rooted in the cultural identity of the continent. This paper will expound on the impact of colonialism on the mental psyche of Africans and the employment of the mind as a means to seize control. I will outline how the mental hierarchy inculcated by the Europeans paved the way for their “divide and conquer” tactic, a tool essential for European success. Through evidence from a primary source by Edgar Canisius and the novel, King Leopold’s Ghost, I will show how colonial influences heightened the victimization of Africans through psychological means. I will culminate by showing how Robert Collins fails to provide a holistic account of colonialism, due to his inability to factor in the use of psychological warfare as a means to the end. By dissecting the minds of both the colonizer and the colonized, I hope to illustrate the susceptibility of African minds to European influences and how psychological warfare transformed Africans from survivors to victims during colonialism.
It was a rainy day in the trenches, and there I saw my best friend laying on the ground in a pool of blood.
The word ‘Deconstruction’ (Derrida 34) introduced by French philosopher Jacques Derrida to demonstrate that any text is not a discrete whole but contains several irreconcilable and contradictory meanings; that any text therefore has more than one interpretation; that the text itself links these interpretations inextricably; that the incompatibility of these interpretations is irreducible; and thus that an interpretative reading cannot go beyond a certain point. In psychological terms, the Other is but the undiscovered territory in the Self. In the colonial enterprise, this territory of the unconscious is displaced onto another people who both allures and terrify. The colonizer, fearing to succumb to the Other, attempts to contain it- through subordination, suppression, or conversion. These strategies of containment are designed to preserve the opposition and inequality between Self and Other that justifies the imperialist enterprise. The central trope of imperialism is what Abdul R. Janmohamed terms “Manchean allegory” (Hena 13) that converts racial difference “into moral and even metaphysical difference”. (13) This allegory characterizes the relationship dominant and subordinate culture as one of the ineradicable opposition. Although the opposing terms of the allegory change- good and evil, civilization and savagery, intelligence and emotion, rationality and sensuality- they are always predicated upon the assumption of the superiority of the outside evaluator and the inferiority of the native being observed. Colonialist literature, as byproduct of the imperialist enterprise, necessarily re-inscribes the Manichean allegory either to conform or to interrogate it in an effort to move beyond its limits. As a result, colonialist texts...