9/11 was a tragedy that will remain in everyone's hearts possibly forever. On the morning on September 11 a horrific attack was carried out that left thousands of people dead and millions of dollars in damage done. The authors of 102 Minutes Jim Dwyer and Kevin Flynn provided most of the information in this essay, however numerous other equally as credible sources were used. After sifting through all the sources there is one big issue with 9/11 that contributed to the loss of life. The biggest factor to loss of life on 9/11 has to be the immense lack of preparation done by the city, the workers, and the first responders.
The first factor that comes from the fact that the twin towers never ran any kind of drills. The first piece of evidence
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comes from the book while people are evacuating and the author says “There had been no drills for this”, the fact that no drills have been ran makes this whole situation so much worse (Dwyer and Flynn 168). The reason the entire situation is worse is that people do not know how to react in the position of an emergency if there had never been any drills for it. A good example of that idea comes from the an article that states “90% of of survivors in the terror attacks delayed evacuating the building in order to carry out tasks” the workers in the building did not even know how important this was (Glendinning). So many more lives could have been saved if people understood how important an evacuation is. The last quote is more of an overarching idea that goes for the entirety of the twin towers that says “If an organization fails to prepare, they are preparing to fail” says Sean Ahrens who is the project manager for security at Aon Risk Solutions (Morton). The quote means that if a business wishes to keep its employees safe then safety must be a number 1 priority, and that means running drills and preparing the workers for the worst. All of the previous evidence supports the fact that there was no preparedness done by the building in the case of an emergency, and that this contributed to a great number of casualties. Not only were the workers not prepared for an event like this, the NYPD and the NYFD were not all that prepared that morning. During the morning of 9/11 a level four mobilization was called which is the highest level and includes as many people as possible. The sounds like a good thing, however it led to a lot of confusion. Some firefighters were coming in off shift which is when the author said “some teams did check in, others didn’t” which is really for because if you do not know who is there you do not know who is doing what (Dwyer and Flynn 49). Another example is the connection between the NYPD and the NYFD, they had never worked together. According to this source “Pre-9/11 there was limited or no capability of first responders from different jurisdictions to communicate with each other” which says that everybody was doing there own thing during these critical moments (Cordray). In 102 minutes there was even a picture showing of how far away the NYPD and the NYFD were from each other. The last example showing that unreadiness of the two divisions is the uncoordinated efforts provided by the NYPD. Not only did the NYFD have random firefighters unknowingly show up but so the NYPD “hundreds of unequipped and unsupervised officers formed bucket brigades and were exposed to high risk” not only is it incredibly dangerous for officers to do that it is confusing for everyone else that has to go around them. Both the uncoordinated efforts by the NYPD and the NYFD led to a higher loss of life both indirectly and directly. Indirectly in the way that the uncoordinated efforts limited their usefulness, and directly in the way that over 300 officers and firefighters were killed on scene. The final example showing the lack of preparedness is that the towers itself was not prepared for a full evacuation.
According to the authors of 102 minutes “the world trade center was not built for a total evacuation” which is really bad for the all the thousands of people trying to evacuate the building at once (Dwyer and Flynn 65). Another example about the towers is way the stairs were built. According to the New York Times “it had taken twice as long to go down a single flight of stairs as had been projected” so for all the people who were trying to race out of the towers as soon as possible it took at least twice as long as it would in any other building (Saltonstall and Mcphee). The two pieces of evidence gives plenty of responsibility on the towers for not being built properly and thus leading to a high body count on the morning of …show more content…
9/11. On the other hand there is evidence and reason for people to see another reason that contributed a severe loss of life.
That reason is that if the NYPD and the NYFD worked together during the event of 9/11 the more lives could have been saved. However, if the city had been prepared for something like this the two divisions would have been forced to work together which would save peoples lives. To disprove this claim the authors of 102 Minutes stated “The rescue workers of New York City did not have a system for sharing that information...no practice of working together at command posts” showing that the city had never given the two divisions a chance to work together (Dwyer and Flynn 227). It does not matter if the two divisions worked together on 9/11 or not due to the fact that they had never worked together previously. The two divisions working together would only lead to more confusion. Another example to disprove the counterclaim was evidence that was used to prove the regular claim which said “Pre-9/11 there was limited or no capability of first responders from different jurisdictions to communicate with each other” that states that during this time the two divisions had no way of communicating with each other. So once again this proves that if the city had better prepared the two divisions then maybe they could both have been more effective as a whole. The fact that entire city had not prepared for a disaster like this goes way beyond the NYPD and NYFD, the workers
and the tower itself was not even prepared for this. That is why the lack of preparedness is the reason that the death toll was so high in the event of 9/11. The preparation done by the city, the builders of the towers, and the safety procedures failed everyone who was killed in the horrific acts of 9/11. The events on that morning shaped the way America thought about everything. Some people might say the country is still recovering politically from this event. Terrorism is still a huge threat in this country and the fact is that there is never too much preparation. People found that out on that quiet september morning, since then the country realized that they were not invincible to everything and everyone else.
There are a bunch of conspiracies in this world and there's a few on the tragedy that happened on September 11, 2001. One of the theories is that inside traders knew about the attacks before they happened. As said in an article, “in the days before 9/11 there was a huge increase in the number of put options purchased on their airlines, compared to the normal average daily volume.”(Davis) Before I explain what that means the article also mentioned, “ this huge increase in the volume of put options suggests that the people buying these put options knew in advance that 9/11 was about to happen.” (Davis) What the quotes are saying, is that a few days before 9/11, out of nowhere, there was an huge increase in the airlines, that were hijacked, stock markets. The conspiracy theory is that the government was aware of the attacks the entire time but because they were making profit, this did nothing about it.
There were several conspiracies about the planes that attacked the Twin Towers. One of the planes left Boston's Logan Airport at 7:59 a.m. The hijackers zoomed the plane into the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 a.m. The other plane left Logan Airport at 8:14 a.m. The hijackers flew the plane into the South Tower of the World Trade Center at 9:03 a.m. America had stated that 10 planes were suppose to be hijacked on that day. “Providing new details on the planning of the plot, the commission staff said that al-Qaida planner Khalid Shaihk Mohammed initially proposed a Sept. 11 attack involving 10 planes that would be used to attack CIA and FBI headquarters, unidentified nuclear plants and tall buildings in California and Washington state,” (Brunker). Both planes that flew into the Twin Towers were Boeing 767. The plane was 159 feet long. Another thing that seemed odd was that 9,700 gallons when it should usually have nothing less than 14,000 gallons. The engine was found on Murray Street when it should have been right around the Tower. Things were said about the plane being like a missile since the engine was dropped so far from the Towers. According to German TV footage, the planes front nozzle was caught on fire before going through the building. Conspiracy theories state that there were three things attached to the plan that were likely to explode. After the plane went into the building the plan some how exploded making it look like a missile went into the building or some how it was some sort of bomb. The Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA, drew out the plane and the way the plane was flown into the Towers and it did not seem right. The plane propellers of the Boeing 757 were smaller than the hole it actuall...
What caused the intelligence failure of 9/11 and how can this be corrected in the Future?
On September 11th, 2001 at the World Trade Center 2,749 people were killed when hijacked American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 were crashed into the north and south towers. 412 of them were rescue workers who came to help. 147of them were passengers or crew members on the two flights. 102 Minutes by Jim Dwyer and Kevin Flynn, the title referring to the time between when the first airplane hit the north tower and the south tower collapsed, tells the stories of what is happening inside the Twin Towers on September 11th and the fight for survival under unimaginable conditions.
Embar-Seddon, A., & Pass, A. D. (2009). World Trade Center Bombing. In Forensic science (3rd ed., pp. 1028-1031). Pasadena, California: Salem Press.
On September 11, 2001 four passenger commercial jet airliners were hijacked and as a result approximately 3,000 human lives were lost. When asked about 9/11, many can recall exactly what they were doing when they heard the news that a plane crashed into one of the World Trade Center (WTC) buildings and many Americans can tell you how it all unfolded and the reason behind such a travesty. The “official story” provided by officials, and restated by Sofia Shafquat, producer of “9/11 Mysteries: Demolitions” say that “four passenger planes were hijacked and taken radically off course, within an hour, two of the planes had flown into the enormous steel towers of the World Trade Center, creating fires and eventually toppling them” (Shafquat). Soon the American public believed that the impact of the planes and that the fires had gotten so hot from burning jet fuel, that they caused the steel frames of the buildings to give way and implode, falling to the ground into dust (Shafquat). Internal fires take on the responsibility of the official story, though others believe controlled demolition is to blame. Some evidence that debates these two explanations of how the steel towers fell are: the way the buildings collapsed, the properties of steel, and the evidence of molten metal.
The official story of 9/11 is a conspiracy theory in that the government claims 19 hijackers conspired together to hijack four planes and create terror in the world. Four American airplanes were hijacked; two were driven into the World Trade Centers and the third airplane into the Pentagon. The fourth airplane suspected target was the White House, but it was diverted by the brave men and women aboard that hijacked airplane, and crashed the airline jet before it could reach its target. It was like time stood still as America watched through television broadcast these unbelievable and horrifying events taking place. The reports told of the smell the jet fuel, burning flesh, and people jumping out windows to their death to escape the flames. When the two bravura structures tumbling down, rescuers, (police officers, firefighters, and ambulance drivers and techs) were caught in the mast and lost their lives doing their job trying to save lives.
Many conspiracy theories have been developed concerning what happened to the World Trade Centers on September 11, 2001, but there are a select few that, similar to the truth, cannot be disproved without quite a bit of effort. One theory is that the Twin Towers were destroyed by controlled demolitions. Another idea of what happened is that planes did hit the towers, but they were remote controlled. A third theory is that Al Qaeda is not responsible for the 9-11 attacks (The Top September 11 Conspiracy Theories, n.d.). And last, but certainly not least, is the theory that the 9-11 attacks were a false flag operation. When considering these theories, there are many different controversial areas that should be assessed to differentiate between fact and opinion.
Flight 77, and that the heat and explosion from the initial crash caused the towers structure to
September 11, 2001 is known as the worst terrorist attack in United States history. On a clear Tuesday morning, there were four planes that were hijacked and flown into multiple buildings by a terrorist group named al Qaeda. This group, led by Osama bin Laden, killed nearly 3,000 people. Out of those 3,000 people more than 400 police and 343 firefighters were killed along with 10,000 people who were treated for severe injuries. Many lives were taken, and to this day, people still suffer from the attack. September 11th is the most influential event of the early twenty-first century because it made an increase in patriotism, it caused a rise in security throughout the nation, and it had a tremendous effect of thousands of lives.
There were numerous events and threats leading up to the terrorists attacks on the World Trade Center which left chaos amongst the streets of downtown New York City and would leave America and its families devastated and prone to change after this infamous date in our nation’s history. What happened on September 11th, 2001 was without a doubt both horrific and ill natured. Multiple terrorists hijacked several US airliners that would later be flown into the North and South towers, the Pentagon, and also an unintended area in Pennsylvania. It can be said that the United States of America was unprepared and vulnerable for these occurrences.
On September 11, 2001 terrorists crashed two American airline airplanes into Twin Towers, killing thousands of people. It was the worst terrorist attack in American history and it showed us that we are not protected by Atlantic and Pacific. It showed us that we could be attacked by anyone at anytime. It showed us that if we will be attacked again that we can only depend on each other and not on other nations to help us. The 9/11 changed people forever, some lost family members or friends, others lost their jobs even so called “American Dream.”
September 11, 2001 marked one of the most tragic events in United States history. As a way to assure the safety and wellbeing of U.S. citizens shortly after being attacked by al-Qaeda, President Bush stated, “Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts may shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve”. Although President Bush was seen a source of security during a time of need, many citizens felt that his words were not genuine and part of a dramatic story the government wanted its people to believe. Despite the side taken, both perspectives of the argument can agree that the U.S. was attacked by a series of coordinated suicide attacks by al-Qaeda. On that Tuesday morning, 19 terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, one into the Pentagon, and the fourth into a field in rural Pennsylvania after passengers fought back against the terrorist to try and regain control of the plane. This is the story the government wants its people to believe. However, the truths about the attacks on 9/11 are much more frightening. On September 11th, 2001, the United States government betrayed its citizens by allowing the destructive attacks on the Twin Towers, WTC-7, the Pentagon, and Shanksville.
9/11 was one of the darkest days in America, but some say the government could have been part of these attacks. For many years people have debated about the 9/11 cover up. This theory cannot explain why the government would do this. Once people understand why the 9/11 cover up is fake, they will begin to see the answer to their problem, could the government have done this? This conspiracy theory is wrong because, terrorists admitted to the attacks, so many people died, and there's no evidence against the government.
Most Islamic would-be martyrs not only share these beliefs but have also grown up in a culture of despair: they have nothing to lose. Eliminate such poverty and you eliminate the breeding ground for terrorists. When the Bush administration speaks of eliminating terror, it does not appear to be talking about eliminating cultures of despair and the social conditions that lead one to want to give up one's life to martyrdom.