Cattle mastitis is regarded as the most prevalent and economically important disease on all continents, with annual great losses in the dairy industry worldwide[1]. A wide variety of microorganisms have been found as etiological agents of mastitis in cattle[2]. In addition to bacterial agents, several other groups of microorganisms such as fungi and algae from Prototheca genus capable of inducing an inflammatory process in the udder[2]. Yeasts are groups of unicellular opportunistic organisms, ever present in the natural surroundings of dairy cattle and are normal inhabitants of the skin of the udder and teats, in which they exist in low numbers [3].
Fungal mastitis has been described as related to treatment directed against other pathogens
Mad Cow Disease, scientifically referred to as (BSE) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, is a disease that affects those humans who eat the meat from infected cows. Mad Cow Disease is one of several fatal brain diseases called (TSE) Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy. (USDA) There was evidence of a new illness resembling the sheep disease scrapie. It was technically named BSE but quickly acquired the mad cow tag because of the way infected cattle behave. (CNN) In 1997, there was an award given to Stanley Prusiner, for concluding that a distorted protein called a prion was responsible for Mad Cow Disease, noted the long incubation period made it difficult to distinguish (Bryant). Another name for Mad Cow Disease is the new variant Cruetzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), similar to the Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, which is a deadly brain illness that strikes about one per million per year (USDA) due to genetic or unknown causes while the vCJD is contracted from eating infected cows (USDA). Both CJD and vCJD are so similarly named because of the similar effects from the illness.
Mad cow disease is caused by prions, "weird mutant proteins that are found in brain and spinal tissue"1. Another name for mad cow disease is called bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the definition is "a progressive neurological disorder of cattle that results from infection by an unusual transmissible agent called a prion"2. It started from what is called a prion protein then it turned into a pathogenic, and then it starts to damaged the brain of a cattle. There's another name for this disease and it's called Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease "a form of progressive dementia characterized by loss of nerve cells and degeneration of nerve cell membranes leading to the production of small holes in the brain. It is rare, degenerative, and invariably fatal"3. This disease happen in human causing lapses in the memory, mood swings similar to depression, lack of interest and social withdrawal3. It is said that this disease has no tr...
The purpose of this project was to identify unknown bacteria species from a mixed culture. The two unknown species were initially plated onto Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB), Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), and blood agar plates to distinguish between the two different bacteria using colony size, color, shape, and growth characteristics. By identifying and inoculating the differing types of colonies, the two unknown bacteria were purified and able to be tested
E. coli are bacteria that can cause an infection in various parts of your body, including your intestines. E. coli bacteria normally live in the intestines of people and animals. Most types of E. coli do not cause infections, but some produce a poison (toxin) that can cause diarrhea. Depending on the toxin, this can cause mild or severe diarrhea.
keep on doing so, your best way to protect your self if to know where
The Cattle Boom was also present in Wyoming, especially after cattle ranchers discovered that cattle could survive winters in Wyoming. Cheyenne, Wyoming had an estimated number of 60,000 cattle grazing within 100 miles of the town in 1871 (Western). As demand for beef continued to grow and the U.S. government continued to buy cattle to feed the Indian tribes they had displaced, wealth and cattle in Wyoming also continued to grow (Western). There were more than 476,000 reported heads of cattle in Wyoming in 1882, which usually meant there was closer to a million on the range. T.A. Larson, a Wyoming historian, estimated 1.5 million cattle in the state in 1886. It was reported that there was not a blade of grass within
Meningitis, it’s an infection in the cerebral spinal fluid and inflammation of the meninges; the three outer layers of the brain. To be more specific, those three layers are called the Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, and the Pia mater. There are three main types of meningitis that will be discussed throughout this paper; viral, bacterial, and fungal. Each form is very similar but they all vary in terms of causative organisms, treatment and severity. Although meningitis is not very common, it can become very severe and always needs to be treated immediately.
Meningitis is defined as inflammation of the meninges, which are the thin membranous covering of the brain and spinal cord. There are different variations of the disease which include bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, and non-infectious.
As you exit the bus, another passenger next to you starts to cough, and then you hold the handrail as you exit the bus. Since you’re late getting home, you take a shortcut through a field to get home quicker. These three simple acts just exposed you to bacteria, viruses, and insects that could cause illness or even death. Infectious diseases, also known as communicable disease, are spread by germs. Germs are living things that are found in the air, in the soil, and in water. You can be exposed to germs in many ways, including touching, eating, drinking or breathing something that contains a germ. Animal and insect bites can also spread germs.1
The body contains bacteria both inner and outer. The human body and some of there bacteria that the body contains is mutualistic. Mutualism is where both bacteria and host, human body, benefit from each other, and need one another in order to function. This bacteria is known as normal microbiota, harmless bacteria the body has. Yet, there are circumstances where these bacteria can cause harm if it enters through a wound into unknown tissue. However, biologists have several reasons why they want to learn more about these bacteria. The first is to understand the various bacteria in the body to further know how possible infections can be caused. Second is to know about the native microbes on any one-body part, allowing physicians to know what to test for. Third find out what happens when bacteria is present in locations where they are not normally at. Lastly, to inform people about the important role these bacteria have to help the human bodies immune system, and protection against other microorganisms. This experiment deals with isolating bacteria from the throat, skin and rectum is optional. This bacteria will be grown in different agar plats. Different agar plates are used to grow specific
The Nuer invest in their cattle intellectually, emotionally, and spiritually. The Nuer identify with the cattle through personal names. Men are referred to the form and color of their favorite oxen and women take names from the oxen and cows they milk. The Nuer’s social idiom is bovine idiom. Social relationships are, in some way, centrally concerned with cattle. Different societies have different systems of social organization. So in the case of the Nuer, cattle form the means of this organization. It is no more a rational or irrational system of social organization than our American society or any other
Livestock is vitally important for food and other activities. In high-school, livestock showing is very popular. Livestock showing teaches many things, including responsibility. Showing is far more than just taking an animal into the show ring, you must prepare. When show season is complete the animals go somewhere, even though people don’t want to think about it.
2. The specific microorganism should be isolated from the diseased animal and grown in pure culture on artificial laboratory media.
The Tibetan Mastiff is a large, impressive, powerful, robust dog, which has always been appreciated by breeders due to its good health and longevity. Tibetan Mastiff has an average lifespan of 16 years, but may also exceed this age. Hard to believe, this dog almost never gets sick. Most of the large dog breeds suffer from hip dysplasia, but in Tibetan Mastiffs this disease is extremely rare, still we coulndn’t say that the dog makes an exception from it. The fact is that there are very few reported cases of Mastiff dogs that suffer from this condition.
Isotope studies of dog diets help to move the study of dog domestication from simply discovering dog’s origins to exploring this unique interaction between dogs and humans in the Middle Holocene (Losey et al, 2013). The dietary patterns of humans during the Holocene in Cis-Baikal were determined by using carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of the human skeletal remains and by the faunal remains from habitation sites. It was concluded that these Middle Holocene foragers relied on terrestrial game, such as deer, and the region’s freshwater fauna, such as riverine, fish, and Lake Baikal seal (Losey et al, 2013). For some background on the dog remains that were studied for dietary and temporal evidence, they were analyzed from two different sub-regions