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Elements of ethical decision making
Elements of ethical decision making
Elements of ethical decision making
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10. Wildman received financing in order to assume majority of control/have a major stake in Anacott Steel by purchasing and possessing majority shareholding in the company. 11. – Gekko tells Bud to purchase a large number of shares from Anacott Steel, when the market opens. Gekko purchases more shares utilising his offshore accounts. When the share price reaches $50, Bud informs his colleagues of the potential of Anacott Steel, getting their clients to purchases shares from the company. Eventually, several companies purchase Anacott Steel shares. This is manipulating the market via securities fraud. – This minimises the remaining shares available to Wildman for purchase. Thus, to assume control of Anacott Steel as he initially desired, …show more content…
– On the contrary, asset stripping can be considered good business as it assists in deleveraging the business. Disposing of subsidiaries that struggle financially and do not accumulate significant profit will allow the business to reduce debts whilst simultaneously refocusing resources on other, more profitable departments or businesses in order to increase overall profit. Concurrently, staff may be sent to beneficiating processes to be reskilled and work in new environments. – The ethical nature of asset stripping is thus determined by the reason for the action. 15. – The ‘bureaucrats’ have invested too little in Teldar stock to be overly concerned with the performance of the business and accompanied growth. – Management follows a work to rule philosophy even at the expense of other stakeholders, such as employees and shareholders. They do not have the drive to succeed or change processes to generate more profit, simply because they receive large salaries and benefits for doing merely what their contracts …show more content…
– Investments in other businesses indicate that management is only concerned with earning a salary and not the earnings of the shareholders themselves. If they owned a greater stake, it would be their money at risk as well, encouraging and driving a stronger work ethic. Currently, it would be classified as a moral hazard. 16. – Leverage or gearing refers to a company’s debt in relation to its equity. It indicates to what degree the company is financed by debt rather than own capital. – The higher the gearing, the higher the risk of the business, thus discouraging investors from investing. – The company being leveraged or highly geared suggests that it is financed mainly though debt as opposed to equity. The risk is high as the company may be unable to cover its debts in the long term. Thus, if not cautious, the company may become insolvent. Furthermore, the company may be vulnerable to economic downturns; incurring high amounts of accumulated interest expense on liabilities which results in decreased profit. High gearing repels investors as the Return on Investment/earning potential may not be worth the associated risk of the
Higher leverage is very likely to create value for a firm considering capital structure change by exerting financial discipline and more efficient corporate strategy changes.
...disclosing positive signal to the investor. In this case, the profitability, turnover and return to the investors are less and this is the industrial trend. In this situation, an investor has to look into the liquidity ratio and into the debt ratio. When the profit earning capacity of the company is lesser in the industry, those company should not prefer to have higher debt as this will drain their entire liquidity and will add more pressure to the company. This will increase the chances of bankruptcy and financial distress costs too. In this regard Exxon has very poor liquidity and higher debt which is adding more risk on investment. In this case, Chevron will be preferred over Exxon because, Chevron provides for similar return to investors but at lower risk, where as risk is higher in Exxon with lower return. Thus, Exxon should not be chosen for making investment.
... per share it had requested. As a result, it appears that Cooper should be successful persuading Nicholson shareholders and unaccounted for shareholders to accept the offer, and in return acquire at least 80% of the outstanding Nicholson shares of stock
The consistent high spending of capital equipment is the first reason why one would recommend reducing the debt to equity ratio. A company with higher levels of debt is less flexible in being able to adjust to new market demands and conditions that require the company to make new products or respond to competition. Looking at the pecking order of financing, issuing new shares to fund capital investing is the last resort and a company that has high levels of debt, must move to the equity side to avoid the risk of bankruptcy. Defaulting on loans occur when increased costs or bad economic conditions lead the firm to have lower net income than the payments on loans. The risk of defaulting on loans and the direct and indirect cost related to defaulting lead firms to prefer lower levels of debt. The financial distress caused by additional leverage can lead to lower cash flows available to all investors, lower than if the firm was financed by equity only. Additionally, the high debt ratio that Du Pont incurred also led to them dropping from a AAA bond rating to a AA bond Rating. Although the likelihood of not being able to acquire loans would be minimal, there are increased interest costs with having a lower bond rating. The lower bond rating signals to investors that the firm is more likely to default than if it had a higher (AAA) bond rating.
There is no universal theory of the debt-equity choice, and no reason to expect one. In this essay I will critically assess the Pecking Order Theory of capital structure with reference and comparison of publicly listed companies. The pecking order theory says that the firm will borrow, rather than issuing equity, when internal cash flow is not sufficient to fund capital expenditures. This theory explains why firms prefer internal rather than external financing which is due to adverse selection, asymmetry of information, and agency costs (Frank & Goyal, 2003). The trade-off theory comes from the pecking order theory it is an unintentional outcome of companies following the pecking-order theory. This explains that firms strive to achieve an optimal capital structure by using a mixture debt and equity known to act as an advantage leverage. Modigliani and Miller (1958) showed that the decisions firms make when choosing between debt and equity financing has no material effects on the value of the firm or on the cost or availability of capital. They assumed perfect and frictionless capital markets, in which financial innovation would quickly extinguish any deviation from their predicted equilibrium.
Does it mean that all that the Indian court wanted was money or it just wanted to reduce trial and subsequent appeals because it might have taken more than twenty years? To sum up, Union Carbide handled the crisis cleverly but not well enough because it knew how the Indian government and court would react to this incident. Union Carbide controlled the whole situation and took the lead in the lawsuits. The Indian government and court didnt help those victims as much as they needed. The function of government, designed to protect its people, disappeared in this case.
“Management is a process of planning, organisation, command, coordination, and control” (Morgan 2006, p.18). Rational organisation design is a bureaucratic method of management which emphasizes efficiency to achieve the end goal and the management of multiple companies have taken upon this system. Figures such as Frederick Taylor and Henry Ford have both shown and laid a path way for Rational Organisation which has become known as Taylorism and Fordism. The design has received criticism and both Taylor and Ford have been portrayed as villains with Taylor being called “enemy of the working man” (Morgan 2006, p.23) as the system dehumanised workers by taking all of the thought and skill from them and giving it to the managers this is because the tasks given were simple and repetitive. As staff needed little training they became an easily replaceable asset and thus more machine than human.
Sollars, G. C. 2001. An appraisal of shareholder proportional liability. Journal of Business Ethics, 32(4), 329-345.
Debt financing has both advantages and disadvantages. Debt financing is a business’ way to start up, expand, or recover by borrowing money from a preson or company. The money borrowed has to be paid back along with the interest that was accrued during the length of time the loan was carried out. This option is great for company’s that do not want investors. Debt financing is beneficial because the loaners do not often get involved with the company or any decision making within the company. The downfall is the risk that is assumed with the debt which is, the company may not be able to pay back the loaner. In that case, the loaner would go after the owner or partner personally. There are many forms of debt a company is allowed to take on, such as ‘venture’ debt, even if they are a high-risk corporation. ‘Venture’ debt is a form of senior debt ...
Corporate financial and ethical misconduct is been documented in the media across many types of business and government over the years (Palmer, 2013; Wickham & O'Donohue, 2012). Most corporations have a Code of Ethics as a guideline for employees
money as the value of the shares was not worth a lot now. So they
As recently as six years ago, while investors were still in thrall to a dotcom bubble that had yet to burst, steel was derided as one of the last bastions of the "old" economy. Many firms in the industry were state-owned or heavily protected by governments keen to preserve assets deemed vital to national interests. Globalization had left the steel business behind. It is a measure of the changes that have swept the business since the internet bubble popped that last week Arcelor, a company created through a 2001 merger of the top French, Spanish and Luxembourg steelmakers, made a hostile bid of C$4.
in both ends, the fact remains that SME’s are hesitant to ask for investment because of their approach
It seems obvious that large corporations have a tendency to ignore the negative effects of their actions in favor of profit. This example, although sensationalized, still says to me that with power comes responsibility. It affirmed my belief that a corporation’s goal cannot be just to provide profit to shareholders, but there must also be an element of social responsibility.
The capital structure of a firm is the way in which it decides to finance its operations from various funds, comprising debt, such as bonds and outstanding loans, and equity, including stock and retained earnings. In the long term, firms seek to find the optimal debt-equity ratio. This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of different capital structure mixes, and consider whether this has any relevance to firm value in theory and in reality.