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Case study on factors affecting inventory management
Theory of Inventory Management
Theory of Inventory Management
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6.7 Materials Inventory
Inventories: - Perform inventories in a systematic and thorough manner. Otherwise, undiscovered posting errors and operational gains and losses will be compounded. Inventories correct these mistakes by bringing the stock accounting records into line with the true stock position. Inventories will be conducted in a manner that ensures each item is verified at least tri-annually. Results of inventories will be recorded on the Navy ERP stock records within 3 workdays after completion of the inventory.
6.7.1 Preinventory procedures: - Before an inventory is conducted, complete the following actions:
a. IM sets an inventory cutoff date and assigns a voucher number. The cutoff date is the day the count begins. The voucher number’s
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document date must be the inventory cutoff date. b. For wall-to-wall inventories, notify program branch of the following: (1) Dates of the inventory. (2) Transactions that will or will not be routinely processed. c. Establish cutoff controls for receipts. Receiving section personnel mark the receipt document for each shipment or turn-in received before the cutoff BEFORE INVENTORY and processes the receipt. After cutoff, all shipments and turn-ins received are frozen. Their receipt documents are marked AFTER INVNETORY and held. Completely all receipts marked BEFORE INVENTORY will be processed before the inventory. Inventory Manager will specify the period during which receipt documents either can be marked or receipt processing becomes frozen for lines in inventory. d. Cutoff controls for Materials Release Order will be set up. Material control section personnel will not make Materials Release Orders (MRO) after the cutoff except for Priority Designator (PD) 01–03 and Non Mission Capable Supply (NMCS) transactions. Storage section personnel must complete processing of all MROs that were issued by the cutoff before the count begins. e.
If receipts and issues of items under inventory are not tightly controlled, the inventory may be in error. Therefore, IM must make sure that stock control section and storage section personnel coordinate to accurately process PD 01–03 and NMCS receipts and requests during the inventory.
6.8 Physical Inventory
The Inventory Manager (IM) will be responsible for conducting 100% triannual inventory.
a. The purpose of a physical inventory is to determine the condition and quantity of items by physical inspection and count. An important part of the inventory process is the location survey. All containers, pallets, bulk shipments and individual items must be identified and marked to ensure redundant data entry is eliminated.
b. The purpose of a location survey is to determine the location and condition of material and to correct records and the cause of discrepancies.
c. 100% percent triannual inventory of all Operating Materials and Supplies (OM&S) or property assigned to the program will be conducted. The Inventory Manager (IM) responsible for the specific program materials or property will ensure that this inventory is conducted. A cyclic inventory may be performed in lieu of the triannual inventory
when:
The information that is provided by the tags that identify the inventory may be so limited that it proves to be of no assistance. Sometimes the tag may be defective in that the machine that is programmed to derive information from it is unable to do so. This means that the inventory will not be delivered where it is supposed to be at the correct time messing up the entire supply chain system. Therefore, care must be taken when information is being fed into the tag.
As part of the calculation for cost of goods sold it is necessary to determine the value of goods on hand, termed merchandise inventory. Accountants use two basic methods for determining the amount of merchandise inventory. Identify the two methods and describe the circumstances (including examples of users of each method) under which each method would be used.
The just-in-time (JIT) inventory system was developed in Japan after World War II, in an effort to control costs during fiscally challenging economic times (Waguespack and Cantor, 1996). The challenge that faced many Japanese companies in the post-War era was to find a way to meet the needs of customers and businesses while utilizing as few resources and as little capital as possible. The Japanese developed these set of techniques in order to control production, limit unnecessary products and reinvest the valuable capital left from the savings back into the business structure (Waguespack and Cantor, 1996). Much of the success of many Japanese corporations over the past four or five decades has been was linked to the principles of JIT (Chhikara and Weiss, 1995).
Supply Chain Management plays a vital role in our hospitals today. With the growing cost of healthcare and new technologies, it is vital for hospitals to run as efficiently as possible without jeopardizing care. To the materials manager and to the financial minds of a hospital the area of supply chain is a tedius task at best, the kind of planning, strategizing and measuring that seldom goes recognized and rewarded. The work involved with inventory control fits tightly within that description.
There are two basic types of inventory methods namely the Specific Identification method and the Cost Flow Assumption method. Companies choose their inventory method depending on various factors like the nature of their business etc. The Specific identification method is used to determine the particular goods sold and which ones are still in ending inventory. Specific Identification is possible only in companies that sell a very limited variety of high cost items that can be and are easy to identify right form the time of purchase till the time of their sale. Due to this characteristic of the Specific Identification method I would advise Mr. Koblet, to use this method for his Inventory Costing, owing to the nature of his business which is a car dealership which requires a method that can specifically identify each individual vehicle, which is generally done by giving each vehicle a identification number that becomes its ID. The Cost Flow Assumption is generally used in businesses where specific identification of particular goods is almost impractical. There are three types of Cost Flow Assumptions namely:
Inventory management is a method through which a business handles tangible resources and materials to ensure availability of resources for use. It is a collection of interdisciplinary processes including a full circle of the demand forecasting, supply chain management, inventory control and reverse logistics. Inventory management is the optimization of inventories of manufactured goods, work in progress, and raw materials. According to Doucette (2001) inventory management can be challenging at times; however, the need for effective inventory management is largely seen more as a necessity than a mere trend when customer satisfaction and service have become a prime reason for a business to stand apart from its competition. For example, Wal-Mart’s inventory management is one of the biggest contributors to the success of the company; effective and efficient inventory management is of critical importance.
An inventory valuation allows a company to provide a monetary value for items that make up their inventory. Inventories are usually the largest current asset of a business, and proper measurement of them is necessary to assure accurate financial statements. If inventory is not properly measured, expenses and revenues cannot be properly matched and a company could make poor business decisions.
.... - Authorize individuals in production to release vendor delivery quantities against blanket purchase orders, purchasing agreement, or contract. - Establish inventory policy code for each item based on the method of inventory control and the method of transaction reporting and recording. - Review and establish minimum economical order quantities and safety stocks required by just-in-time production. - Measure inventory performance to determine effectiveness of just-in-time production and inventory management (Naylor). Just-in-time will change our conventional thinking concerning the management of inventories and streamline our methods for inventory control. Proper selection and implementation of these methods will yield substantial benefits by improving customer service, shortening delivery lead times, and significantly reducing inventory investment. It does not, however, eliminate the need for sound inventory planning.
After the arrival of ordered goods at the retail stores, it should be inspected vigilantly for the quantities against the packing list or shipping invoice sent by the supplier. The quantity of the products/goods received at the retail should be inspected prior to display or for
The elementary function of inventory is to act as a buffer that separates the company from the discontinuousness of consumer demand on the one hand and limitations in vendor delivery capacities on the other. Generally, distributors hold as little inventory as possible, preferring to move purchase order receipts directly to the shipping dock just-in-time with consumer orders. Actuality, the company needs inventory to buffer it from the uncertainties of supply and demand.
Based on Service Request SR-rm-001, the processes of inventory management and control at Riordan Manufacturing were evaluated. Four aspects of Riordan Manufacturing’s inventory management and control require improvements. These aspects of business are improvements to automation, inventory control and error reduction in the inventory management, as well as an overall inventory storage cost reductions. Furthermore, each part of the inventory management and control process requires a single unifying method to deliver a solution using computer systems.
Inventory is the ‘stock-in-hand’ of materials for subsequent processing and of the products for ultimate use of the customers or end-users. Keeping track of your inventory is important for any retailer who wants to gain expertise. It is a complete e-commerce system which could give you an idea of your total inventory for each and every supplier. It uses a perpetual inventory system in which then and there the inventory data is updated. As soon as an order is placed the data goes straight and the stock is known. In this system the bar code scans and other technology helps to control the system even better. This is the most reliable as the data is most up to date and accurate. Its Inventory systems let you know when it is time to stock up the inventory on items that are going to be out of stock and can also prevent you from overselling products. It also gives a substantial insight to the rate of selling of products. It also keeps a track and integrates with the catalogue system. It also filters the product as per the requirements of the concerned person. It makes it easier even for sales people. The materials manager can also assess the situation within few minutes. It makes it easy by displaying real time conditions of the inventory of the products which are in stock or out of stock, filters product according to the requirement. It decreases or increases the inventory level as the processing in the or...
Inventory Inspection is the first inspection carried out by inspector at the regional levels on a particular bridge to collect inventory data. This inspection is done visually and systematically on
As it has been stated before in the paper, good inventory and storage control interacts with different aspects of procurement cycle, to achieve best storage procedures. It is Important to understand customer needs in foodservice industry, to create menu items, which people are willing and able to buy, this will unable chefs to create standardized recipes, to make purchase specification and stock request. It is also important to control the sales, to ensure all of the items on the menu are selling and making profit for the business (Baldwin, Wilberforce, & Kapur, 2011). This will ensure there are no overstocked items and no spoilage in the storerooms. Controlling sales will also help with calculating pax stock amount needs. Once the stock request from the kitchen is done, stores manager job is to contact suppliers and purchase needed ingredients. Receiving is one of the closest related aspects to storage in the procurement cycle. Once the order arrives to the warehouse, receiver needs to carefully check the order and place it in proper storage quickly after receiving, to ensure the safety and freshness of the produce. A good store manager needs to ensure the entire inventory is properly positioned, labeled and has safe storage conditions, as well as rotating First In First Out to avoid spoilage(Biles
Overall, with proper inventory management and the use of provided systems and solutions, organizations in all areas of operation will be able to maintain reasonable amounts of stock and keep track of their items while remaining efficient and saving cost.