Carl Jung was a well-known and influential psychologist of the 20th century. He founded many psychological ideas such as extroverted and introverted personalities, archetypes, and the collective unconscious. Jung’s main focus, within his studies, was psychology but he also incorporated other subjects such as religion, mythology, and alchemy. He developed a rapid interest in alchemy late in life, after having a vivid dream about a library of archaic books. He eventually came to have a library like this as his own. After intensive research, Carl Jung adapted the notion that alchemy was a metaphor for the psychological processes rather than being an actual alchemical experiment. Some of his developed ideas included the thought that the contents of the alchemists’ psyche became unconsciously projected on the materials. Jung was able to align alchemical symbols with his theories in psychology, creating further and in depth ideas. He also believed that the alchemical language, which was used during experiments or later to describe them, was an expression of the psychological processes. Formulating his own perspective on the ideas of alchemy was the turning point in Carl Jung’s career, leading to a substantial change in his approach to psychology in that he was able to match alchemical symbols with his theory of individuation.
Carl Jung was born in 1875 in the country of Switzerland and later passed in 1961. He was a very influential psychologist who founded the habits of analytic psychology in response to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. He had many findings and research that still affect psychology today. As a child, Jung spent most of his time alone and, thus, had a rather disappointing childhood. He felt happiest wh...
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...er one of Carl Jung’s ideas about alchemy that relates to psychology is the belief that, during experiments, the alchemists’ psyche became unconsciously projected onto the materials and outcome of the experiment. He says that alchemists’ would unconsciously put their own thoughts and psyche into their experiments causing them to think they are doing experiments chemically, but their own unconscious is seen instead. The real nature of the matter was truly unknown to the alchemists, in Jung’s mind; they only knew hints about what could happen. They seek to explore it and supposedly put their unconscious into the darkness to further illuminate the alchemical experience. In reality, their own psychic background is projected and that is what is explained in the encounters. Overall, Carl Jung’s exploration of alchemy only made his theories stronger and more successful.
Carl Jung was a Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist who developed many theories concerning the unconscious mind. Jung’s theories state that the unconscious part of a human’s psyche has two different layers, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. The personal unconscious is unique to every individual; however, the collective unconscious “is inborn.” (Carl Jung, Four Archetypes, 3) The collective unconscious is present in everyone’s psyche, and it contains archetypes which are “those psychic contents which have not yet been submitted to conscious elaboration” (Jung, Archetypes, 5); they are templates of thought that have been inherited through the collective unconscious. Jung has defined many different archetypes such as the archetype of the mother, the archetype of the hero, the archetype of the shadow, etc. These Jungian archetypes are often projected by the collective unconscious onto others. If the novel A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving is examined through a Jungian archetypal lens it is possible to discern different archetypes projected by the protagonist’s unconscious self to illustrate the effects of the collective unconscious on character and plot analysis.
Everyone has been responsible for wrongful actions in their lives. The reason for these actions as well as your envy, lies, and insecurities is your shadow. Carl Jung’s theory of the persona includes concepts of “the ego, living with the shadow and the persona and mask one wears”(Internet Wire). In “The Shadow Effect”, Jung also describes the shadow as representing “ ‘the other side’ or ‘the dark brother’, who is an inseparable part of our psyche” (Burkard Sievers). Jung explains how for a person to deal with social acceptance and the expectations of humanity, they must conceal the part of themselves that they know won’t conform with these expectations (the shadow). People conceal this part by
Psychoanalysis is a theory that explores personality traits on the conscious and unconscious level. According to TheFreeDictionary.com, “Psychoanalysis is the most intensive form of an approach to treatment called psychodynamic therapy. Psychodynamic refers to a view of human personality that results from interactions between conscious and unconscious factors. The purpose of all forms of psychodynamic treatment is to bring unconscious mental material and processes into full consciousness so that the patient can gain more control over his or her life” (Psychoanalytic Treatment). Sigmund Freud is the founder of the Psychoanalysis Theory. He had many followers. One of those followers was Jung. As time went on, Jung’s perspective on personality
Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung penned Psychology of Dementia Praecox in 1907 in which he discussed about the Freudian concept of psychodynamic thoughts, however he incorporated new analysis and fresh research alongside the Freudian literatures. In his discussion, he included new concepts like wholeness of psyche; individual is composed with ego, collective unconscious, archetypes which are composed of tension that comes from spontaneity, recognizing the spiritual side of the human psyche (Ballen, 1997).
...Jung, whose assertions not only help in the clinical aspect, but in the search for the common message in all of human literary (this includes oral) tradition. Hawthorne’s Gothic shows, whether conscious or not, the underlying conflict that lies within the people of his time as well as the time in which each of his stories take place. It is with this that the key to understanding the self lies within the commonly untapped recesses of the unconscious, an uncomfortable and unnerving concept for everyone, particularly those that have many things to hide.
Carl Gustav Jung, “The Principle Archetypes” in The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends, ed. David H. Richter (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1989), 666.
Furthermore, Campbell explained such patterns by using Carl Jung's theory of the collective unconscious, which he was strongly influenced with. Psychological organs that developed through the evolution, is the idea Jung gave of archetypes (Jung 81). To him they are recurring patterns, images and ideas which all humans inherited in their unconsciousness (Volgar 23). In addition, Campbell described his theory as a reoccurring cycle of pattern consisting of three phases: Departure, Initiation and Return, which he calls The Monomyth (Campbell 28), a deep inner journey of transformation that every hero must go through in order to grow (Voytilla vii).
"The Archetypes and the Collected Unconscious."The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. 2nd ed. Ed. Carl G. Jung. London: Routledge, 1990. 393-417.
Personality types stems from Carl Jung spend time observing personality preferences, which he later on published in his in 1921. Carl’s discovery of the two major typical differences in human psychology such as extrovert and introvert influenced Katherine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Myers theories and lead them to experiment during World War II. Myers and Briggs worked on methods that would help women, who heretofore had no prior workplace experience, find those types of jobs that were most comfortable and effective (Myers & Myers, 1996). The three learning styles I have chosen to write about would meet the needs of the learners and provide an effective learner/teacher experience. Therefore, the need for learning level in people varies at all levels, to make sure the delivery method meets the learners’ expectation, it is important to re-evaluate the styles of learning chosen and make sure all background
After reading the chapters from Jung, the elephant in the room cannot be ignored. Based on what I’ve gathered Jung forged a friendship with Freud for personal gains. Freud anticipated his “death” before it occurred, in the metaphorical sense; publication of Jung’s chapter “The Sacrifice” which Jung lied to Freud about when questioned about death and death wishes. Coincidentally, once Jung obtained the knowledge he sought by befriending Freud, the publication resulted negatively for Jung despite not adhering to Freud’s request: strong emphasis on sexuality with the unconscious. Consequently Jung was deterred from his path in life. In certain instances, Jung mentions dwellin...
Carl Jung is the father of archetypal criticism and creator of the term collective unconscious. Jung (1875 – 1961) was born in Switzerland and learned from Sigmund Freud, a psychoanalytic critic, before breaking off and creating his own literary theory. Because of his shift to the Archetypal theory, also called mythic criticism, Jung was repelled by the psychoanalytic community, until he came up with the idea of a collective unconscious. “Jung’s ideas caused him to be banished from the psychanalytic community for the next five years. During this time, he formulated his own model of the human psyche, which would become his most important contribution to psychology and literary criticism (Bressler).” The collective unconscious is the common knowledge of themes and archetypes that every human has gained from ancestral memory. This is the bases for Archetypal criticism, the reason for humans being able to recognize archetypes and recurring patterns in literature. Archetypal literary works relate to the beliefs, knowledge, and desires of readers through recognizable themes and archetypes (Bressler 149). Archetypes are universally recognized patterns, characteristics, or objects that invoke similar emotional responses from every person. Archetypes give literary works deeper meaning because
The Jungian approach was brought about by Carl Jung. He believed in the concept of individuation. This is the process of discovering what makes a person different form everyone else. The Jungian approach looks at one’s self through three aspects. These three aspects are the shadow, the persona, and the anima. This is said to be seen through the idea of an archetype. Jung’s concept of archetype is viewed through a symbol, character, situation, or image that evokes a deep universal response (Guerin). Archetypal literary criticism construes a text by focusing on recurring myths, prototypes and symbolisms in the narrative.
In The Alchemist the unity of the self is provisional, dependant upon continuous social reinforcement. The characters who are successfully gulled are the ones who lose sight of their socially reinforced identities as they play out their fantasy ideal selves.
The Alchemist is a story about a boy, named Santiago, who embarks on a journey to find a treasure. In order to find the treasure, Santiago has to overcome many obstacles such as wars, love, storms, etc. On his way to find the treasure, Santiago meets many people; some help him while bring him down. These experiences, however, make Santiago mature and motivated to reach his goal. Santiago’s behavior, such as his motivation, his fear, and his love can be explained by the Freudian psychological approach.
He was influenced by Carl Jung, who had broken away from Freud’s school of thought due to his discovery of another level to the Unconscious Mind, which Assagioli later termed the Superconscious. He also found that there was an organising centre to the Superconscious which he termed the Self (or Higher or Greater Self, or Soul). Assagioli went beyond his contemporaries to embrace wholeness on all levels. The most important difference between Assagioli and Jung was Assagoli’s insistence that the soul is a reality whilst Jung stated that mystical and spiritual states were purely subjective. The word Psychosynthesis derives from the Greek word Psycho, which means Self, Spirit or Soul, and “Synthesis actually means putting together the parts of something so as to form an integrated whole” (Parfitt, W., 2006, P.15).