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What is the typical Canadian woman in a business like? What kinds of businesses do Canadian women entrepreneurs choose to start and develop? How many women-owned businesses are there in Canada?
I've put together this collection of statistics on Canadian women in business to answer these questions and others like them.
5.2.11.1 Facts and Figures on Canadian Women Entrepreneurs
The Canadian Trade Commissioner Service, 2013
• There were 950,000 self-employed women in Canada in 2012, accounting for 35.6% of all self-employed persons.
• In 2010, Quebec had the highest proportion of majority-owned female SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprise) at 19 percent, followed by Atlantic Canada, Ontario, and then the Prairies and British Columbia.
• 47% are
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• Canadian women business owners are on average less likely to engage in international trade compared to male counterparts.
5.2.11.2 Key Small Business Statistics July 2012
Statistics Canada.
• There were 910 000 self-employed women in Canada in 2008, accounting for about one-third of all self-employed persons.
• Between 1998 and 2008, the number of self-employed women grew by 6.4 percent compared with 11-percent growth in male self-employment.
• Accommodation and food services industries have the highest share of businesses that are majority-owned by females, at 22 percent.
5.2.11.3 Women Entrepreneurs of Canada
• 84% of women feel their business has reached a size they are comfortable with and don't want to grow, as compared to 37% for men.
• Women are also more likely to operate businesses in the service sectors rather than in knowledge and manufacturing industries, which traditionally enjoy higher growth potential and profitability (Barbara Orser, 2007)
Because this is a literature review, I have followed each quote from Ms. Orser's report with the complete references she refers to, as she cited them in the appendices of her
Srigley looks at women’s employment in terms of the effects of intersecting factors of race, ethnicity, marital status, gender and class. She argues that: “Anglo-Celtic dominance created both privileges and disadvantages for female workers who had differing access to employment.” Srigley states that: “Canadian feminist historians . . . have paid significantly less attention to race than to gender as an analyti...
society at large. Bureau of Labor Statistics, women comprise 29.4 percent of people working in
Canadian workplaces today seem to be a fairly diverse place, with a blend of many religions, ethnicities, and genders present. However, although people preach affirmative action and melting pots in current times, many inequality and power issues still abound. One strikingly noticeable example is gender discrimination. Women in the workforce face many challenges like smaller wages, harassment, male privilege in hiring or promotions, and lack of support when pregnant or raising children. One half of the planet is women, and it can be assumed the same for Canada, but they still face judgment at work because they lack the authority to dispute against big corporations or even their male supervisor. It cannot be argued that Canadian women’s status has worsened over the past hundred years, of course, thanks to feminism and activism. However, their status is not as high as it could be. Women as a group first started fighting for workplace equality during the second wave of feminism, from the 1960s to the 1990s. Legislation was approved during the second wave to try to bring gender equality to the workplace. Feminists both collided and collaborated with unions and employers to ensure women received fair treatment in an occupation. Quebec had the same issues, only the province approached the conflict differently than English Canada with its own unique viewpoint. It became clear that women were entering the workplace and did not plan on leaving. Second-wave feminism in Canada shifted power from the government and businesses to women in order to try to bring equality, although the discrimination never completely disappeared.
Another reason for the pay discrepancy is that women are usually employed in low-wage occupations and industries, such as teaching. Even women working in the same industry, and having equal qualifications, earn less than their male counterparts — in fact, even top women executives earn considerably less, on average, compared to their male peers (Patel, 2016). The other reason for the gender pay gap is that more women than men work part-time jobs. According to the Canadian Women's Foundation (n. d), for the last 30 years until 2013, about 70% of part-time/temporary workers were women, which translated to 60% of minimum wage earners being women. Finally, the Canadian Women's Foundation (n. d) claims that approximately 10-15% of the wage gap is
Trimble, L. & Arscott, J. (2003). Still Counting: Women in Politics Across Canada. Peterborough: Broadview Press. pp. 34
“Honey, you’re not a person, now get back in the kitchen and make me a sandwich!” If a husband were to say these words to his wife today, he would likely receive a well-deserved smack to the face. It is not until recently that Canadian women have received their status as people and obtained equal rights as men. Women were excluded from an academic education and received a lesser pay than their male counter parts. With the many hardships women had to face, women were considered the “slave of slaves” (Women’s Rights). In the past century, women have fought for their rights, transitioning women from the point of being a piece of property to “holding twenty-five percent of senior positions in Canada” (More women in top senior positions: Report). The Married Women’s Property Act, World War I, The Person’s Case, and Canadian Human Rights Act have gained Canadian women their rights.
Stienstra, D., Brewer, N., & Stinson, J. (2010). Factsheet Women and Restructuring in Canada. CRIAW ICREF, 1-16.
Canada is one of the developed countries of the world to adapt to progress and embrace change but this does not limit the great nation to a perfect country. Problems are still eminent and need to be resolved. Over the course of previous decades, Women in Canada and the rest of the world, started to voice out their opinions. They demanded a complete change of the way the system negatively targeted and exploited women. These were brought on by the fact that female living in Canada, were forced to endure terrible conditions before the 1960s. Some of these issues were patriarchy, rape, abortion, childcare, and discrimination of women at work places and violence against women. These were all issues that were doing harm to women in the Canadian society but the most appalling of them all was violence against women.
Females tend to work in sectors such as education. A perfect example of this is our school, look at how many of our own teachers are female? There is not a lot of money to go around when it comes to sectored jobs. Although men only own a little bit above 50 percent of the businesses, they tend to take a bigger risk. In our town for example KLN is a huge money making cooperation and who owns it? Kenny Nelson, who just happens to be a male. Job choices and risk taking also play a big role in the 77 cents to a dollar difference. History and job choice have an impact on this but neither reason is as influential as this one,
Hankivsky, O., Varcoe, C., & Morrow, M. H. (2007). Women's health in Canada: Critical perspectives on theory and policy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
On the other hand, studies show that the number of women working has dramatically changed since 1970. These studies show that back then, the workforce was made up with 37.97 percent of women. Comparing this percentage to the studies made from 2006 to 2010, the presence of women in the workplace has increased at least 10 percent. In the 1970’s, it was really rare to see a woman working as an accountant; today, 60 percent of those accountants are women. Also, they have kept their own “careers for women” because more than 90 percent of dental assistants, secretaries and other work fields are composed by
These things continue many centuries but now you do not have face that much difficulty compare to the last centuries. Before, women have to stay at home and they have to take care of their small children. Government introduce the two policy, and they are child care system and equal pay for work of equal value. In child care system, government introduced the daycare. In Canada, daycare was proposed in 1970 but Quebec was exception. To continue the child care system, provincial government introduced the comprehensive family policy. This policy attempts to integrate family benefits, paid parental leave, child care and kindergarten. With these policy, women can work not as part-time but full time, and you will have an experience that normally company ask you. Second policy was equal pay for work of equal vale. Even though that not in all country, it was that women will earn same amount as men earn in any field. But in 1985, Manitoba become the first Canadian province to implement equal pay for work of equal value in the public service. And now, this policy become official in 10 of 13 Canadian jurisdictions; Alberta, Saskatchewan, and the Northwest Territories are the exception. Inequality form did not end but even is not bad as much as it was before. Now at least, women have the authority to speak, to do anything they want. When all people judge you the way you work in company not the gender wise than gender gap in earning will be eliminate for
The founding ladies are widely known in canadian history today and of the following are Lady Aberdeen and Henrietta Muir Edwards who said “If women had the vote there would be no need to come twice asking for better legislation for women and children, no need to come again and again for the appointment of women inspectors where women and children are employed; we would not ask in vain for the raising of the wage or consent.” the determination fueled her thoughts about women being slaves to fashion and fashion being a transition from goals that would be of higher
“Statistical Overview of Women in the Workplace”. www.catalyst.org. Catalyst. 19 June 2012. Web. 1 November 2012.
It can be concluded that women are treated in terms of stereotyped impressions of being the lowest class and greater evidence can be found that there are large disparities between the women and the men 's class. It can be seen that women are more likely to play casual roles as they are most likely to take seasonal and part time work so that they can work according to their needs. They are hampered from progressing upward into the organizations as they face problems like lack of health insurance, sexual harassments, lower wage rates, gender biases and attitudes of negative behavior. However, this wouldn’t have hampered the participation of the women in the work force and they continue to increase their efforts which is highly evident in the occupational and job ratios of females in the industry.