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Review of related literature about caffeine
Controlled experiments on caffeine
Literature review on caffeine
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After that, the subjects were ready to begin testing. During the first eight visits, the participants performed the exhaustion ride (ER) at the same time of day. Most of the ERs were performed on a week by week premise, but sometimes it went up to 3 weeks in between test sessions. The first phase of the ER involved 5 min of non-stop cycling at around 50% VO2max with a pedal frequency that was between 60 and 100 rev/min. During the second phase, subjects rode until they felt exhausted at roughly 80% VO2max at the same pedaling frequency. Once the pedal frequency fell below 50 revs/min they had to stop. The data revealed that supplements of caffeine remarkably increased total exercise time, even if the caffeine in capsule form was taken right …show more content…
These reports all agree that caffeine taken from an anhydrous form (tablet or capsule) enhanced performance more than the placebo and a cup of coffee.
Low, Medium, and High Dosages of Anhydrous Caffeine and Endurance Exercise
In 1995 Pasman and his team investigated the impacts of differing amounts of caffeine on endurance performance. Nine healthy, well-trained cyclists performed four endurance tests over four consecutive weeks. One hour before testing, individuals were instructed to take one of the four treatments: "placebo, 5, 9, and 13 mg/kg of caffeine in capsule form". (Pasman, 1995) Day of the week and time were kept the same in each participant. During each session, subjects cycled six rides to exhaustion at about 80% maximal power and were forced to stop if the pedaling frequency was any lower than 50 RPM. Blood samples were taken before, during and after the exercise test. Results identified that all three caffeine treatments strikingly increased the individual's endurance performance as compared to placebo. Moreover, the data also shows that their cycling time increased by approximately 27% for all the
It has long been established that both short and long-term exercise increase metabolic rate and heat production. This naturally predisposes participants to dehydration. Typical symptoms of dehydration include elevated temperature, fluid and electrolyte imbalance due to sweating, and loss of critical nutrients, such as glycogen (depleted via metabolic pathways). Many individuals participating in moderate to rigorous training schedules may engage in daily exercise, if not multiple exercise routines in one day (3,4,5,6). It then follows that the goal for these individuals should be avoidance of dehydration and maximization of rehydration through maintenance of electrolyte balance, replenishment of muscle glycogen, and plasma osmolality. Thus, examination of a fluid’s efficacy in these three areas is crucial. Through extensive research, it is evident that Gatorade will rehydrate faster and more effectively than water.
Another weakness in the experimental design was that the reliability of the experiment was very low. As each test subject was only tested against each amount of prior exercise once, the impact of random errors is likely very large, which can be seen by the spread of the data on the graph. Although, this was attempted to be rectified by averaging the results of all four test subjects, it does not improve reliability too much. Conclusion: The results of this investigation indicated that a relationship between the amount of prior exercise and muscle fatigue does exist, however the results are also not conclusive enough to speculate on what the relationship is. This means that the hypothesis “If the amount of time spent performing vigorous exercise prior to the set of repetitions increases, then the physical performance (number of repetitions) will decrease” cannot be supported or rejected due to the inconclusive data.
Gatorade is one of many sports drinks that is out in the market. It was first made back in 1956 by a group of scientists in the University of Florida. The main reason Gatorade was made in the first place was to help the athletes of the university by replacing the body fluids that they lost during competitions especially in the hot weather of southern Florida. In a competition athletes lose water, carbohydrates and electrolytes through lots of sweating so Gatorade’s first priority was to replace them and re-energize the athletes. The first ever bottles of Gatorade that were created did not contain as much ingredients as todays Gatorades, and at first 10 players from the University’s Football team tested the drinks. It didn’t take long for the effects to show and the team quickly started to win their games. After the team’s results started to get better, Gatorade gained lots of attention from around the athletic community and after a few short years it was the official drink of the NFL, NBA, MLB, PGA, AVP, and the MLS. After all the l success, it was bought by Pepsi Company in 2001. This meant that it would no longer distribute its products to only the USA and Canada, but to the entire world and since then Gatorade products have been sent to almost 80 different countries. But the big question now, is that does it really help athletes? Was this the reason behind all the success of the Florida Gators through the 60’s?
Caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant, is the main psychoactive ingredient in energy drinks, which enhances alertness and mood, and counteracts symptoms of sleep. There is no doubt ...
9. Zaharieva, D. P., & Riddell, M. C. (2013). Caffeine and glucose homeostasis during rest and exercise in diabetes mellitus. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism, 38(8), 813-822.
Caffeine has many specific benefits for different types of athletes. Though much of the research on caffeine in athletics is inconclusive, there are many athletes that believe the substance can enhance their physical as well as mental performance. It is supposed that caffeine can improve the athlete’s endurance in sports where long-term stamina is needed. These sports include cycling, running, and even soccer. In an experiment to study the effects of caffeine as an ergogenic aid, 6 regular caffeine users were monitored while they exercised until exhaustion. During this double ...
...a medicine. It also highly addictive and there is a chance for the treatment to be abused and hinder treatment for narcotic addiction by swapping one addition for another. There are also many other treatments in other sources published around the same time that offer different alternatives and may be slightly more effective than the use of coffee or caffeine.
Beck TW, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, Coburn JW, Malek MH, Cramer JT. Effects of a drink containing creatine, amino acids, and protein combined with ten weeks of resistance training on body composition, strength, and anaerobic performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(1):100-
Caffeine on this energy drink blocks the effects of adenosine, a brain chemical that helps you sleep which is why too much can lead to insomnia.
Every athlete dreams of becoming the best player in their sport. For most athletes, this dream was created in their childhood watching their favorite player perform at great levels to achieve success. Most athletes will stop at anything to achieve success, even if that means breaking the rules. An athlete whether the biggest, fastest, or strongest, will always look for something that will give them and extra edge over everybody else, even if that means performance enhancing drugs. With new records being broken day by day, I believe performance-enhancing drugs should be legal in all professional sports.
In order to fully understand the impact and effect of overtraining, defining and establishing the difference of what overtraining is from other conditions, such as overreaching, is necessary. Overtraining is defined as the accumulation of both training and non-training stresses producing a long-term effect on the athlete’s performance capacity, with or without physical and psychological overtraining signs and symptoms in which recovery of the performance capacity will take weeks to months (Halson, 2004 p. 969). Overreaching, however, is defined by the accumulation of training and non-training stresses with a short-term effect on the a...
The significance of this topic is that it will identify how interval training (a form of exercise training, consisting of alternating work/rest intervals) can improve aerobic power also known as VO2 max (how much oxygen is consumed per minute), and anaerobic power (max power achieved during short high intensity) in a professional sporting team (Davis, Vodak & Wilmore et al. (1976. In addition to this, this paper will explain how an exercise physiologist can improve these two powers through interval training in sporting teams such as soccer and what will be required to achieve an improved aerobic and anaerobic power through interval training.
The term energy drinks refers to beverages that contain caffeine in combination with other ingredients such as guarana and other vitamins and minerals. In other words, energy drinks can be defined as a soft drink containing a high percentage of sugar, caffeine, or another stimulant, typically consumed during or after sporting activity or as a way of overcoming tiredness. Energy drinks are highly sweetened, caffeinated beverages that are packaged in brightly colored, slim line containers. They are sold virtually everywhere. At first, energy drinks were sold as a medicinal tonic drink and they have some benefits if person take it in limit. There are various negative effects of energy
Mednick, S. C., Cai, D. J., Kanady, J., Drummond, S. P. A. (2008). Comparing the benefits of caffeine, naps and placebo on verbal, motor and perceptual memory. Behavioral Brain Research, 193(1), 79-86
Howard, Jacqueline. (2014, sept. 03) Yes, Coffee Can Actually Improve The Power Of Your Power Naps. Huff Post: The Third Metric.