The significance of this topic is that it will identify how interval training (a form of exercise training, consisting of alternating work/rest intervals) can improve aerobic power also known as VO2 max (how much oxygen is consumed per minute), and anaerobic power (max power achieved during short high intensity) in a professional sporting team (Davis, Vodak & Wilmore et al. (1976. In addition to this, this paper will explain how an exercise physiologist can improve these two powers through interval training in sporting teams such as soccer and what will be required to achieve an improved aerobic and anaerobic power through interval training. An Exercise Physiologist is a person who has completed suitable curriculum within exercise science and places an emphasis on exercise physiology (Rosbergs & Roberts 1996). For soccer, an exercise physiologist would be looking at the elements of exercise performance, metabolic demands of differing exercise concentrations, location, and the type of training to complete performance (Rosbergs & Roberts 1996). Soccer is one of the most widely played sports in the world and players need to have tactical, technical and physical skills to thrive in this sport. Some of the skills that are needed to succeed in soccer may be things such as; coordination, ball control, speed, agility, focus, game planning and team work. Ideally, a soccer player should be able to maintain a high level of intensity for the entire game (Helgerud, Engen & Wisloff et al. 2001). Aerobic Power or commonly known as VO2 max, measures how much oxygen is consumed by a person in one minute. In soccer, high aerobic capacity is seen to aid recovery as it reduces fatigue through glycogen sparing and counteracting the decline of PH qu... ... middle of paper ... ...te in endurance and short exercise levels. It also needs the athletes to be able to have the ability to sprint and utilize the anaerobic system, and allow them to generate force through a high power output (Bangsbo, Mohr & Poulsen et al. 2006). Over an entire soccer game elite players run roughly 10km at average intensity and interval training help athletes perform better and increases their aerobic and anaerobic power within exercise (Stølen, Chamari & Castagna et al. 2005). High aerobic capacity is needed within soccer, as it is believed to aid recovery by reducing fatigue within athletes and by using interval training it improves both powers. This is due to it being able to enable them to perform better, last through a variety of intensities, durations and improve recovery for each athlete (Dellal, Chamari & Pintus et al. 2008).
There are three main energy systems used in a game of touch football which consist of the creatine phosphate (ATP PC) system, lactic acid system and the aerobic system. Each system plays a vital role during game play. Every muscle in your body requires energy to perform all movements, and to do this, the energy is produced by the breakdown of a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is found in all cells which is a chemical form of muscular activity and performs mostly all functions in the human body. It contains 3 phosphate groups and adenosine. ATP is stored in the muscles and lasts for approximately 10-30 seconds. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins, are all producers of ATP from the food we eat; however Creatine Phosphate is also a high energy compound producer found in the cells. These three chemical reactions are conducted to continue muscular work. The first system used in a game of touch football is the ATP PC system. This system is stored into the muscles and used in short durations for up to 10 seconds and doesn’t not require oxygen therefore being anaerobic. ATP lasts approximately 3 seconds, and then Creatine phosphate (CP) will continue until all ATP PC energy is used up. The use of ATP is high intensity and would usually be used in a 50m sprint or a pass in touch. Once the CP energy is used up the body then switches to the lactic acid system. This is because of the breakdown of glucose, resulting in the production of lactic acid. The lactic acid system an anaerobic energy system, which lasts for approximately 30 seconds to 2 minutes, and is the conversion of glycogen to glucose. In relation to a game of touch football, the lactic acid system could be used during a quick wruck, as the movements required are a...
The physical demands of tournament tennis players can be and usually are very grueling. The body is using both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism along with anaerobic and aerobic muscle fiber types. Tennis is a high intensity sport requiring hundreds of short bursts of activity. Most points only last around 10 seconds(anaerobic) but there is only 25 seconds of rest in between points and 90 seconds of rest in between games which requires the player to have endurance(aerobic). Tennis matches can be long and drawn out, lasting hours or they can be fast, intense and only last an hour. This means having adequate nutrition along with an efficient metabolism is key to being able to compete at the highest level.
In this lab, we explored the theory of maximal oxygen consumption. “Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is defined as the highest rate at which oxygen can be taken up and utilized by the body during severe exercise” (Bassett and Howley, 2000). VO2max is measured in millimeters of O2 consumed per kilogram of body weight per min (ml/kg/min). It is commonly known as a good way to determine a subject’s cardio-respiratory endurance and aerobic fitness level. Two people whom are given the same aerobic task (can both be considered “fit”) however, the more fit individual can consume more oxygen to produce enough energy to sustain higher, intense work loads during exercise. The purpose of this lab experiment was performed to determine the VO2max results of a trained vs. an untrained participant to see who was more fit.
McKenzie, D. C. (2012). Respiratory physiology: Adaptations to high-level exercise. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(6), 381. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090824
Pressure is placed on athletes to perform better. The fierce competitive nature of the real sports world in with the peoples excellence has caused athletes to seek alternative means to ...
Soccer is a sport that is all about motion and how to use movements most effectively. Speed and velocity are very important when it comes to motion because with out them there would be no motion. When playing soccer speed is essential to being a productive player. The game is fast paced and so the players must also be quick on their feet. Soccer players may not know that velocity is essential to being able to control their movements. But physics proves that both are essential to soccer. Speed and direction are b...
Creative new training methods, developed by coaches, athletes and sport scientists, are aimed to help improve the quality and quantity of athletic training ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1). However, these methods have encountered a consistent set of barriers including overtraining ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1). Due to these barriers, the need for physical and mental recovery in athletics brought an increasing attention in practice and in research ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1).
Athletic staleness and burnout is a big problem for many of today’s athletes whether they are at the amateur or professional level. The good thing about this problem that ends up in total and complete physical and emotional exhaustion is that it can be recognized when it is taking place. It can also be treated if the recognition comes at too late of a stage of the onset of staleness and burnout. But the best remedy for athletic staleness and burnout is prevention of it in the first place. There are three different models that have been used to explain the causes of athlete burnout.
Fitness Requirements for Football Football is a game that requires aerobic and anaerobic fitness. Aerobic fitness is the most important quality in football, closely. followed by anaerobic fitness, running, speed and agility. Footballers tend to cover less distance and work at lower intensities during the second half of the game then during the first half. This is because fatigue limits a player to a certain level.
Sports psychology draws on knowledge from the fields of Kinesiology and Psychology. It involves the study of how psychological factors affect performance and how participation in sport and exercise affect psychological and physical factors. In addition to instruction and training of psychological skills for performance improvement, sport psychology may include work with athletes and coaches regarding injury, rehabilitation, communication, and team building (Weinberg, R.S. & Gould, D.,2010)....
Aerobic exercise involves improving the cardiovascular system. It increases the efficiency with which the body is able to utilize oxygen (Dintiman, Stone, Pennington, & Davis, 1984). In other words, aerobic exercise means that continuous and large amounts of oxygen are needed to get in order to generate the amount of energy needed to complete the workout. The most common type of aerobic exercise is long-distance running, or jogging. While running, the body requires large amounts of energy in order for the body to sustain energy. “During prolonged exercise, most of the energy is aerobic, derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats” (Getchell, 1976).
Based on the competition video between Malaysia against Indonesia, we analysed that the team were lacking in exercise. In more detail about this factor, they weren’t being given enough exercise or training before the game begin. When they don’t have enough training, so their stamina will be decreased (Connolly, 2015). Stamina is very important to keep them stay energetic during the game (Connolly, 2015). The example that is obviously can been seen is during the competition between Lee Chong Wei against Firman Abdul Kholik in Semi Final match.
Sport fascinates me. As a participant in one of the fastest growing sports, cheerleading, in the UK I am personally aware of the physiological demands, psychological strength and training required to compete. But it is the science behind the human body’s response to exercise and the practical application of this knowledge to improving performance physically that particularly appeals. Being selected onto a gifted and talented sports programme at school gave me the opportunity to study human physiology, participate in practical investigations and sports beyond the usual curriculum.
Wilmore, J. Costill, D. Kenny, W. (2012). Physiology of Sport & Exercise (5th ed.) Champaign,
Athletes should be trained in ways that will elicit functional performance specific to their sport. GAS Principle and Law of Use/Disuse – A proper frequency of training between bouts of exercise must be followed to develop physically. The body will adapt to training and begin to recover quickly, and as such the training plan must be periodized to compensate for this.