Bullying Literature Review

1237 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Bullying in school introduction

Introduction

Educators attempt to provide safe, nurturing environments where students can thrive. Any disturbance to this climate can have negative affects on students’ educational performances. Bullying is one such disruption. Unfortunately, physical and verbal abuse are nothing new in the school setting, however, the rise of technology in our country has created a new setting for bullies to target their victims. Cyberbulling, or the use of any number of technological means to harm or harass another, has become an increasingly prevalent occurrence, specifically among school-aged children (Campfield, 2006).

In this review of literature, the unique aspects of cyberbullying and its relation to traditional forms of bullying will be examined. Educators must understand the complex nature of this beast if it is to be addressed effectively. Furthermore, this review will look at the predictors of aggression in youth and how these factors can be addressed to combat bullying of any kind in the school setting.

Review

Because cyberbullying is a relatively new phenomenon, there is some degree of variance in its definition. In its early inception, cyberbullying was thought to be limited to the internet. However, the rapid creation of new technology tolls has expanded the boundaries to include cell phones, instant messaging, chat rooms, and email (Campfield, 2006). Campfield (2006) conducted a study of middle school students to determine the incidence rates of cyberbullying. She found that nearly 70% of students were involved in cyberbullying in some capacity, as a bully or victim. In a similar study, Li (2007) found that 39% of students have been involved in cyberbullying, while 52% were aware of a peer being harassed through electronic m...

... middle of paper ...

...f bullies, victims, and bully/victims. Dissertation Abstracts International: 69(9-B). Retrieved from PsycINFO.

Holt, M. K. & Espelage, D. L. (2007). Perceived social support among bullies, victims,

and bully-victims. Journal of Youth Adolescence. 36(8), 984-994. Retrieved from Education Research Complete.

Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools.

Computers in Human Behavior. 23(4), 1777-1791. Retrieved from Education Research Complete.

Salmivalli, C. & Voeten, M. (2004). Connections between attitudes, group norms, and

behaviour in bullying situations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28(3), 246-258. Retrieved from Education Research Complete.

Williams, K. R. & Guerra, N. G. (2007). Prevalence and predictors of internet bullying.

Journal of Adolescent Health. 41(6), S14-S21. Retrieved from PsycINFO.

Show More
Related

  • The Importance Of Bullying In The Glass Castle

    1419 Words  | 3 Pages

    The definition of bullying uses broad statements to define the actual meaning. Because of this, people may view the definition differently than others. Bullying can range from physical violence to verbal abuse to even cyberbullying. Most people do not realize how common cyberbullying actually is. Over half of teens and adolescents have been bullied online and almost the same number have engaged in the bullying (“Cyber Bullying Statistics”). Cyberbullying is becoming more and more prominent throughout this time period because of the technology continuing to expand around the world. Each year this statistic increasingly grows due to the technology

    Read More

  • How The Internet Has Changed Bullying By Maria Konnikova

    1398 Words  | 3 Pages

    In her article “How the Internet Has Changed Bullying”, Maria Konnikova explained how bullying has reached technology, and in the workplaces of many adults. The Internet has made it harder to escape from bullying, and easier for bullies to escape from confronting their victims. Furthermore, the author stresses that cyberbullying not only targets high schoolers, but it’s affecting the lives of college students as well (Konnikova 1). Cyberbullying takes place in the Internet world where is easier for a bully to gossip and humiliate multiple of victims in a faster pace. The studies have shown that cyberbullying is making a greater impact in the victims’ and the bullies’ lives more than the traditional bullying and many people are not aware of it; therefore the schools, witnesses, and employers should work together to fight against cyberbullying and provide help to the victims and bullies.

    Read More

  • Cyberbullying: A Growing Problem

    2506 Words  | 6 Pages

    Bullying has been around forever, however with today’s technology bullying has become easier than ever. It is easier to bully in cyberspace than it is to bully face to face. With cyberbullying a bully can pick on people with much less risk of being caught. Bullies are natural instigators and in cyberspace bullies can recruit the participation of additional students who may be unwilling to bully in the real world. Cyberbullying is any harassment that occurs over the Internet. Vicious discussion posts, name calling in chat rooms, posting fake profiles on web sites, and cruel email messages are all ways of cyber bullying. Cyberbullying can be more serious than conventional bullying. At least with conventional bullying, the victim is left alone on evenings and weekends. Many people may think that cyberbullying is not a problem in life; well, think again, it can change a victim’s life forever by just one offensive comment about them. It will make the victim want to commit suicide, drop out of school, and suffer from self-esteem issues like depression and anxiety. We must fight for what is right, the sooner the better. The movement into the digital age has change the behaviors and interactions of minors and it is time our culture to rethink its relationship with the Web and social networking.

    Read More

  • Cyber Bullying: The Patterns And Effects Of Cyberbullying

    983 Words  | 2 Pages

    Since then, both school officials and parents have become alarmed about this growing problem (Shah, 2011a). Cyberbullying tends to follow the same patterns as traditional forms of bullying; students who are bullies and victims on the playground play similar roles in cyberspace (Raskauskas & Stoltz, 2007). I think if you want your children to be safe online, then teach them and their friends to speak up against cyber bullying. It 's sad that many students have lost their lives due to bullying. It seems students are meaner than when I was in school. Everyone gets bullied in one way or another. Whether it be a parent, older sibling, other kids, etc. everyone gets bullied. That 's life. Does it suck? Yes. Will it change? No. No matter how you raise people, some people are just bullies. So, why to be naive and act like bullying will go away, when in reality, it never will. Teach your kids not to value the negativity people say about them. Teach your children to stand up for themselves. Teach your children to defend themselves. Don 't teach them to be a victim. Cyberbullying is hard to measure, but an informal poll revealed that almost half of the middle schoolers polled had experienced some form of cyberbullying (Hoffman, 2010). Given the popularity of Internet use among teenagers (most teenagers use it every day), cyberbullying is likely to remain a persistent problem (Davis, 2011). Attempts to prevent bullying often focus on helping students understand the consequences of their negative behaviors and teaching alternative prosocial

    Read More

  • The Most Popular Forms Of Cyber Bullying And Cyberspace

    2781 Words  | 6 Pages

    The widespread use of electronic communication has given rise to a new form of bullying, taking place in cyberspace. In its traditional sense, bullying can be defined as an antagonistic, deliberate and repeated behavior of a group or an individual against a victim who cannot defend him or herself. Cyber bullying is also a deliberate and repeated behavior but it takes place online, using electronic forms of contact such as cell phones, emails, and social networking applications or sites. The availability of the Internet and the increasing popularity of social networks, along with the seeming anonymity of interactions make cyber bullying the dominant bullying form among modern youths today. The most popular forms of cyber bullying are seen through

    Read More

  • Why Bullying Can’t Be Stopped?

    2036 Words  | 5 Pages

    McQuade, III, Samuel, James Colt, and Nancy Meyer. Cyber Bullying: Protecting Kids and Adults from Online Bullies. First Edition. Road West, Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2009. 47-49. Print.

    Read More

  • Every Comment Has Its Consequence: Cyber Bullying

    1921 Words  | 4 Pages

    Bullying includes two people, a harasser and a victim. The bully abuses the victim through words, actions, or other ways in order to gain supremacy and dominance. This may be done directly by hitting, physically or verbally assaulting face-to-face or behind a screen: gossip, rumors, etc. According to Sameer Hinduja and Justin Patchin’s Preventing and Responding to Cyber bullying: Expert Perspectives, cyber bullying is defined as “willful and repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices,” and that it has become a growing issue. Cyber bullying is a universal social concern today. It is the use of technology most likely social networks such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to harass, threaten, or humiliate another being. According to Justin Patchin’s Preventing and Responding to Cyber bullying: Expert Perspectives, “Estimates of the number of youth who experience cyber bullying range from 5 to 73 percent, depending on the age of the group and the definition of cyber bullying.” It is hard to believe that cyber bullying happens every second. Although bullying is a well-known problem, it can also be ignored or go unnoticed. Cyber bullying has been one of the fastest growing problems and it’s a shame that some people who witness it do not take action upon it. Though cyber bullying does not cause physical damage, research shows that the harmfulness can be much worse. It causes psychological, emotional, behavioral, and may eventually lead to physical damage. Targets of cyber bullying are more prone to committing suicide compared to those who have not been victimized by it. For many years, “technology has changed the landscape of children’s lives” (Williams and Guerra, 15). Thus a few r...

    Read More

  • Major Differences Between Bullying and Cyberbullying

    1522 Words  | 4 Pages

    The definition of bullying states that an individual is bullied if he/she is repeatedly and intentionally exposed, over a long period of time by one or more individuals, to negative acts in a situation where a power imbalance exists (Dehue, Bolman, Vollink, & Pouwelse, 2012). Cyberbullying is defined as long-term aggressive, intentional, repetitive acts by one or more individuals, using electronic means, against an almost powerless victim. Although bullying and cyberbullying are almost identical in definition, cyberbullying has one major difference. The major difference is cyberbullies can hind behind technology and may even be unidentifiable by the victim. Forth more, cyberbullying can easily be viewed by a large audience and once a statement, photo, or videos are placed online it can never be undone. Stopping cyberbullying can be difficult because a cyberbully can use a fake name or pretend to be someone else. As research on cyberbullying is still in an early stage, differences in cyberbullying are less consistent across studies. Research has not determined whether males or females are more like to cyberbully. With regard to grade level, some studies have found cyberbullying peaks during middle school, while others have either found a higher prevalence among high school students or no grade difference (Morgan, 2013). As cyberbullying relies on telecommunications, studies have shown a positive correlation between the amount of internet use and the involvement in cyberbullying, as a bully, victim, or both. Evidence also shows parents may have indirect influence on cyberbullying through monitoring their children's internet use. New literature has indicated that experience with cyberbullying is connected with detrimental psychosocia...

    Read More

  • Cyber-Bullying: A Brief Research Proposal

    1671 Words  | 4 Pages

    Internet usage in children and adolescents has been increasing in a steadily fashion in the past number of years and with the increase in internet usage, a new form of bullying has developed – Cyber bullying. Cyber bullying can be defined as “the electronic posting of mean-spirited messages about a person,” (Merriam-Webster, 2012). This form of bullying can come through various mediums including but not limited to text messages, emails, videos, and social networking sites. There is an overwhelming amount of information that defines cyber bullying, identifies the demographics of bullies and victims of cyber bullying, and identifies the outcomes of cyber bullying on victims. More focus needs to be placed on who the perpetrators of this form of violence are and how this form of violence is linked to traditional bullying. This will allow researchers and practitioners to move forward with research and implementation preventative methods and intervention once the problem has already occurred.

    Read More

  • Cyberbulling

    903 Words  | 2 Pages

    With advancements in technology there usually come drawbacks. With the current generation having access to social media whether on the computer, cellular phones, tablets, or any object that can access wireless internet. With this new front bullying has taken on a new form where the bully or bullies hide behind technology to harass their victims. But it is not limited to one on one interaction such as through email, instant messager, text, Facebook, or Twitter, but it can also include: sending private pictures, hacking or gaining access to accounts, or making threats, or slander. A study done by the Hartford County Examiner reported that about half of teens have been the victims of cyber bullying and even those bullied have admitted to participating in cyberbullying themselves. Few teens will even admit their cyberbullying to their parents or even law enforcement. To add to frustration if reported, “a mere 12 states impose criminal sanctions on cyberbullies”. (STUDY: Kids Who Are Cyberbullied Are 3 Times More Likely To Contemplate Suicide, 2014) A heavier emphasis has to be brought to the forefront to teens and children. Many do not even release that they are involved in the cyclical cycle that is cyberbullying. Teaching them that technology can help us in so many ways and that the abuse is causing problems all across the globe.

    Read More

  • The Sociological Effects Of Cyberbullying

    1017 Words  | 3 Pages

    This sort of phenomenon makes major headlines regularly in recent times and effects a clear majority of today’s youth. State and local lawmakers have taken steps to prevent this type of bullying by making illegal under several criminal law codes. Michele Hamm, a researcher in pediatrics explained, “There were consistent associations between exposure to cyberbullying and increased likelihood of depression.” Cyberbullying became widespread among students with the rapid growth in use of cellular devices and the Internet. With this kind of technology bullies have the ability to send harmful messages to their recipients at any given time. This type of bullying is the hardest to control because it involves students but often happens off school grounds. However, because the evidence is material, students and parents could bring this evidence to the school and local police departments if a situation were to happen. Parents should be mindful of their child’s use of the internet and electronic messaging, cyberbullying usually takes place in a medium in which adults are seldom present (Mason, 2008). Also, instead of sending direct messages to other students, bullies use platforms such as social media and anonymous blogs to post harmful things for others to see. Educators must understand the significance of social media use to their students, especially

    Read More

  • Cyberbullying: Understanding and Addressing its Impact on Students

    1986 Words  | 4 Pages

    Bullying, is a very popular disease among school students of today. Bullies can often be compared to as endangered species who like to mock others for their own fun and enjoyment, (L. Espleage, 2010, p.10). There are many forms of bullying, however for the purpose of this research paper the focus will be specifically on the indirect form of bullying, known as cyberbullying. This paper will firstly provide you the reader, with definitions of general bullying and cyberbullying. In addition, this paper will investigate why and how cyberbullying is an important issue for secondary education teachers of today and in the future. It will explore behavioural symptoms and signs students may display that teachers can identify as possible cyberbullying

    Read More

  • Modern Technology: The Negative Effects Of Cyberbullying

    782 Words  | 2 Pages

    It could be argued that all types of bullying are the same. What we don 't know is that bullying affects people differently. People who are at risk of being bullied are teens. Teens are the only ones who are updated with today’s modern technology, which means they are surrounded by the negative aspects of it. The main focus is cyberbullying and the toll it has on America’s teens. Cyberbullying is a form of bullying using technology rather than a face to face interaction. Today’s main question is “What can we do? Are there ways to prevent cyberbullying and is there a punishment?” Well, the sole benefactor of cyberbullying is technology and social media. With it being open to the public and all the abundant, dark secrets hidden, still lies within the barriers of the internet. Lawmakers, parents, and teachers have been blinded for several years, but once they have experienced the aspects of cyberbullying, the actions they take are shocking.

    Read More

  • Essay On Cyberbullying

    1081 Words  | 3 Pages

    Cyberbullying is a type of bullying that takes place with the use of any electronic technology. Cyberbullying is a major problem affecting young people today. There are different types of cyberbullying. This topic comes as an interest to many people these days because bullying is very common and it can ruin a person’s life. These days, cyberbullying is considered a new form of bullying. It can happen over the internet by computer, mobile phone or any other electronic devices. Cyberbullying could involve any form of unpleasant words or pictures being displayed on the internet for others to see. It could also involve the spreading of lies about the victim on the internet. Many people are stepping up efforts to prevent bullying in the first place. Approximately half of U.S. students are impacted by traditional bullying each school day (Ross). Bullying peaks in middle school, then reduces in high school. Other types of bullying may involve the passing of notes behind someone’s back, rumors being whispered about someone, or being threatened in the internet. The most common types of cyberbullying include passing of humiliating photos, cell phone pranks, cyber stalking, impersonation, online slam books, and text wars. Bullies appear scary but truthfully they are the unhappy ones. Majority of bullies have been bullied by parents, siblings, or other young people. This may trigger them to bully and pick on other kids.

    Read More

  • Bullying in Schools

    1511 Words  | 4 Pages

    Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. Malden,

    Read More

More about Bullying Literature Review

Open Document