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Concepts in cognitive theory
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Marjoryn O. Paglinawan February 22, 2017 2014-67221 Psych 140- B The movie Buddy 1997 tells the story of how an animal lover named Mrs. Trudy taught Buddy, a gorilla, on how to act like a person, but things got complicated when Buddy grew up and became stronger. Then a traumatic event happened to him, whenever he feels threatened, he smashes everything he sees. Mrs. Trudy attempted to eliminate Buddy’s trauma, but unfortunately she failed. With that, she just decided to let go of Buddy for her family’s sake and for Buddy’s sake also. There were two types of classical conditioning illustrated in the movie. First was the intended type of conditioning and the second was the unintended type of conditioning. The intended conditioning …show more content…
portrayed in the movie was when Trudy intentionally conditioned Buddy to walk and eat like a person by complimenting Buddy whenever he ate properly.
On the other hand, when Buddy became afraid of loud noises because of the traumatic event that happened to him, Buddy was conditioned unintentionally. It was unintentional. The unintentional conditioning was the climax of the movie therefore it should be emphasized. There were two events where unintended conditioning was illustrated. The first was when Buddy was conditioned to be attracted to the color red. What happened was when Buddy entered the master bedroom and found Mrs. Trudy putting red colored lipstick on her lips, Buddy instantly became attracted to its color, because he associated the presence of Mrs. Turdy to the color red. The color red was the neutral stimulus and the presence of Mrs. Turdy became the unconditioned stimulus that elicited an unconditioned response which was the feeling of security and safety because Mrs. Turdy is there for him. The red color, then becomes the conditioned stimulus and the feeling of safety and security then became the conditioned response. Another situation where conditioning was unintended was when buddy became afraid of loud noises like the loud beating of drums. When Buddy participated the Chicago World’s Fair he accidentally got lost and went to a public
market which is an unusual place to him. Triggered by the unpleasant reaction he received from the people and the loud sound of the drums Buddy felt threatened, that’s why he smashed everything he saw in the street. That was a traumatic event for Buddy because it was his first time to encounter those kind of people. Mrs. Turdy luckily found Buddy and was able to send Buddy home. That traumatic situation made Buddy afraid of loud noises because when he was lost that loud noise which is the loud sound of the drums became a signal to him that people are going to haunt him. The neutral stimulus was the loud noise, associated with the people hurting Buddy, the unconditioned stimulus elicited an unconditioned response which is fear. The neutral stimulus later on became the conditioned stimulus which elicits a conditioned response. Buddy became afraid of loud noises. The concept of Generalization can also be applied in the movie. Buddy became afraid of the sound of the beating of drums, but Buddy also feared the sound of thunder. When a storm came and hit Mrs. Trudy’s place the sound of thunder was heard all over the house, Buddy panicked and escaped his cage. He destroyed the furnitures inside the house and tried to hurt Mrs. Trudy. Buddy responded to a stimulus in the same way that he responded to a sound of the beating of the drums. In this case generalization occurred. It would be difficult to eliminate an unintended conditioned behavior because the cause of it is unknown. Mrs. Trudy tried to calm Buddy by explaining to him that it’s just the storm and she is there to protect him but Buddy acted otherwise. Mrs. Trudy didn’t know the cause of Buddy’s trauma that is why she found it difficult to cure Buddy.
I find it very irritating when my best friend likes a television show or song that I do not like. This is why I am going to create and preform a Classical Conditioning experiment on my good friend Sarah Garcia. This experiment will include the following terms: Unconditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned Response, Neutral Stimulus, Conditioned Stimulus, and Conditioned Response. I will be using these five terms to explain my Classical Conditioning experiment that I have created for Sarah. I plan on making her hate the song “Can’t Feel My Face”, by The Hills because it is one of her favorite songs and I do not like it. Sarah will listen to this song while we are studying, doing homework, and even when we are playing golf. I am excited for the moment when Sarah will no longer listen to the song because of this Classical
When Antonio was seven years old, he had a very bad flu and was hospitalized. He was able to recover without complications, but he noticed that whenever he drove by the hospital he was treated at that he would start to feel sick to his stomach.Unconditioned stimulus in Antonio's case was initially the hospital. The unconditioned response to being at the hospital was he didn't feel well. Then the Hospital became the conditioned response by making Antonio feel sick when he had to visit or drive by the hospital. It is because he associated the hospital (CS) with feeling ill. The hospital where he was treated for the sickness is the conditioned stimulus (CS), causing him to remember what occurred and inducing his stomach to hurt (CR) which is an conditioned response. This is an example of classical
In the following essay I will be looking into the study conducted by Watson and Rayner (1920) on a small child known as ‘Little Albert’. The experiment was an adaptation of earlier studies on classical conditioning of stimulus response, one most common by Ivan Pavlov, depicting the conditioning of stimulus response in dogs. Watson and Rayner aimed to teach Albert to become fearful of a placid white rat, via the use of stimulus associations, testing Pavlov’s earlier theory of classical conditioning.
Classical Conditioning was a phenomenon that a man named Ivan Pavlov explored in the twentieth-century. His work laid the foundation for many other psychologists such as John Watson. Pavlov’s idea came when he seized on an incidental observation. He noticed putting food in a dogs mouth caused salvation. However, the dog not only salivated to the food it began to also salivate to mere sight of the food, or the food dish. He began experimenting; first he slid the food presented the food by sliding the food bowl and blowing meat powder into the dogs mouth at the same exact moment. They paired it with a neutral stimuli event the dog could see but did not associate it with food (Myers, 2014, p.256). Food in the mouth automatically, unconditionally triggers the salivary reflex. Pavlov called drooling the unconditioned response and the food the unconditioned stimulus. Salvation in response to a tone is learned, it is conditioned upon the dogs associating the tone with the food it is called conditioned response (Myers, 2014, p.256). The stimulus that used to be neutral is the conditioned stimulus. I found it interesting and relating to everyday life because my dog often does the same. We keep his food in the garage so opening the garage door would be the conditioned stimulus. As soon as the garage door opens my dog begins to salivate which is the conditioned response. Whereas,
A movie that I recently took the time to watch called “Black Fish” was a huge example of operant conditioning. This is a documentary of the killer whales at the different SeaWorld 's around America. There has been a lot of talk recently about these whales and I wanted to know more about it. Upon watching this film, I discovered how the psychological process of a whale feeds into the talk of the nation about them. The actions of the whales is what everyone seems to be talking about, coincidently they seem to miss the fact that the whales may be carrying out these actions as a result of how they were conditioned by the trainers at the Seaworld parks.
In this case study we can see a negative way classical conditioning occurred. During recess firecrackers went off near school, throwing the students to the group in fear. “Jim had stared in amazement at the yard of students lying on the ground, instinctively trying to protect themselves.” (Colbert, p. 52)This involuntary response was a natural instinct for the students because of the neighborhood they lived in. Gunfire was a regular occurrence, and the firecrackers resembled the sound of a gunshot. “To some degree, learners’ behaviors are influenced by the objects and events they are currently encountering.” (Ormrod ,p. 58)Specific events throughout your life can lead to certain behaviors. In this case study we saw that the gunfire they have heard causes them to fall to the ground. Classical conditioning had a negative effect on these
Watson, J. B. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. The American Psychologist, 55(3), 313-317. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu/
One of the most famous example of fear conditioning is the Little Albert experiment conducted by Watson and Rayner in 1920. In this experiment, an infant, Albert, was presented with a white rat, and as expected, Albert initially displayed no signs of fear and began touching and playing with the rat. Soon, the experimenters began pairing the presentation of the rat with a loud noise (US) produced by banging a hammer on a steel bar. The noise caused Albert to startle and cry (UR). After several pairing, Albert learned to fear the rat (CS) and would crawl away or cry (CR) when the rat was subsequently presented (Watson and Rayner, 1920)
Classical conditioning refers to a type of learning in which a previously neutral stimuli took on the ability to stimulate a conditioned response in an individual (Gormezano & Moore, 1966). To prove that environment was more impactful than genetics, Watson conducted an experiment on an infant, little Albert. Initially, Albert showed little fear towards rats. When Watson repeatedly exposed Albert to the rat accompanied by a loud noise, the latter began to develop fear towards not just the rat but also other furry animals. Watson successfully showed that the acquisition of a phobia can be explained by classical conditioning (Watson & Watson, 1921). Regardless of their genes, the associations of the right stimuli can result in the development of a new behaviour in any individual.
Conditioning is a behavioural theory and process, where an individual’s response to a stimulus becomes more predictable and frequent within a particular environment, usually as a result of a reward (Port and Finnamore, 2007; Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2014). This reflects the Song et al. (2012) explanation stated previously, which explains that obedience can increase if an individual is keeping an action the same in order to gain a reward. The leading conditioning experiment is Pavlov’s dog, where the dog was classically conditioned. This is a learning type where a neutral stimulus, for example, a bell, beco...
B.F. Skinner, also a behaviorist, studied the effects of operant conditioning on behavior. Operant conditioning is the basic learning process that in...
Ivan Pavlov developed a theory called classical conditioning which proposes that learning process occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex like associating the food with the bell in Pavlov experiment. In classical conditioning, behavior is learnt by association where a stimulus that was originally neutral can become a trigger for substance use or cravings due to repeated associations between those stimuli and substance use (Pavlov, 1927).
The strength of classical conditioning is that it can help to explain all aspects of human behavior. Any of behavior can broke down into stimulus-response association, so that according to the classical conditioning, conditioned stimulus will lead conditioned response to occur, then the scientist can observe and determine the behavior (McLeod, 2014). In the case of Pavlovian conditioning, he found that when the conditioned stimulus (bell) was paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food) was presented to the dog, it would start to salivate. After a number of repeated this procedures, Pavlov tried to ring his bell by its own...
In my reaction paper I will discuss B.F. Skinners theory operant conditioning and the ways he tested it out on animals, how it relates to humans, and how I can relate operant conditioning to my own personal life.
“Behavior theory consists of ideas about how human actions and emotions develop, are sustained, and are extinguished through principles of learning” (Walsh, 2010). Positive and negative reinforcement is used to help manipulate the behaviors of the individual. The theory has been used to help eliminate unwanted behaviors. In addition, behavior theory has been use primarily with children, and persons with developmental disabilities. According to Walsh (2010) behavior theory evolved in the 1960s from a field of philosophy to the field of science. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning, which plays a major role in behavioral theory. Classical conditioning is the process of learning through ones surroundings, conditioned, and unconditioned stimuli and response. B. F. Skinner discovered operant conditioning the process of learning to influence the future responses to the environment (Clark, 2004). The two concepts has been used throughout the behavior theory to help assist clients with unacceptable behaviors that is occurring. The combination of the two concepts has been a very helpful aspect to the behavior theory. Both concepts offer a different approach or solution to the behavior of the client.