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History of database technology
The evolution of database management systems
The evolution of database management systems
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Brief History Of Databases
In the 1960's, the use of main frame computers became widespread in many companies. To access vast amounts of stored information, these companies started to use computer programs like COBOL and FORTRAN. Data accessibility and data sharing soon became an important feature because of the large amount of information recquired by different departments within certain companies. With this system, each application owns its own data files. The problems thus associated with this type of file processing was uncontrolled redundancy, inconsistent data, inflexibility, poor enforcement of standards, and low programmer maintenance.
In 1964, MIS (Management Information Systems) was introduced. This would prove to be very influential towards future designs of computer systems and the methods they will use in manipulating data.
In 1966, Philip Kotler had the first description of how managers could benefit from the powerful capabilities of the electronic computer as a management tool.
In 1969, Berson developed a marketing information system for marketing research. In 1970, the Montgomery urban model was developed stressing the quantitative aspect of management by highlighting a data bank, a model bank, and a measurement statistics bank. All of these factors will be influential on future models of storing data in a pool. According to Martine, in 1981, a database is a shared collection of interrelated data designed to meet the needs of multiple types of end users. The data is stored in one location so that they are independent of the programs that use them, keeping in mind data integrity with respect to the approaches to adding new data, modifying data, and retrieving existing data. A database is shared and perceived differently by multiple users. This leads to the arrival of Database Management Systems.
These systems first appeared around the 1970=s as solutions to problems associated with mainframe computers. Originally, pre-database programs accessed their own data files. Consequently, similar data had to be stored in other areas where that certain piece of information was relevant. Simple things like addresses were stored in customer information files, accounts receivable records, and so on. This created redundancy and inefficiency. Updating files, like storing files, was also a problem. When a customer=s address changed, all the fields where that customer=s address was stored had to be changed. If a field happened to be missed, then an inconsistency was created. When requests to develop new ways to manipulate and summarize data arose, it only added to the problem of having files attached to specific applications. New system design had to be done, including new programs and new data file storage methods. The close connection between data files and programs sent the costs for storage and
1.1 Describe Systems and Procedures for Storing and Retrieving Information Collect documents to be filed, sort in to alphabetical, numerical or chronological order, find the relevant file and place the document inside after it’s divider, and return the file to its original place. Confidential files should be kept in a lockable cabinet and old documents should be shredded after the length of time outlined by the organisation. Electronic filing is similar but on the computer. It is important to name files so that they are easily recognisable by everyone who may need to access it. If the information is confidential it should be encrypted with a password to prevent unauthorised access.
In addition, social services are not given to clients who give incorrect information on their application. The new ImprovedLives’ customer database system permits the storage of all client information that is easily accessible online by authorized personnel who can verify that clients are not falsifying information to receive multiple services. Protection of the client’s confidential information is ensured through strong encryption and authentication modules provided by the cloud vendor. The organization also tested the Client Tracker software information system during the design phase to ensure the system will work well in all three centers when the project fully took off. Thus, only one user is able to update and add information to an account at any point in time, even though all users can look at the information simultaneously. Consequently, this move ensures the integrity of information in the database and prevents having different versions of an information. The integrity of data is important for accurately reflecting the state of affairs in reports sent to government agencies and other donors. In addition, having accurate information in the database ensures improves the delivery of services given to clients. Similar developments of creating a common database
outside it. The systems process all the collected information and send instructions to the rest of
Most modern science fiction portrays some form of database. From simple text-based systems to complex virtual reality environments, the way information is retrieved from these databases often reflects trends in database management systems. The library computer system seen in "Star Trek: The Next Generation" (ST:TNG) offers an excellent example of a database that both reflects contemporary technologies and illustrates accurate predictions in the development of those technologies.
- Offer a foundation for moving information among offices and departments, whether around the corner at the same site, or across sites on a private internet.
This is a clever idea as Internet users wish to have a choice in the matter of their data
This will allow for data to be analyzed and placed on a separate non-operational database. Essentially this will be synced version of the operational database and will provide a centralized view of the main database. This could also be used as a backup to the original database.
It simplifies the storage and processing of large amounts of data, eases the deployment and operation of large-scale global products and services, and automates much of the administration of large-scale clusters of computers.
A user can provide computing abilities, like server time and network storage or require human interaction with the provider automatically
as organizations are able to identify information and know more about their customers, they can provide them with a positive experience that pays off at the end. Everything that customers do, and every interaction that they have with an organization must be identified, recorded and documented. In order to do this, companies must go beyond the sticky-notes and jumbled filing cabinets, and begin implement cutting-edge organizational technology that is only accurately quantify and sort data for easy future reference, but also make that data accessible across departments. Because of CRM this can become possible and allows company to store a huge list of customers and any related significant information about them. Access to their file can be even more convenient than it used to be because the cloud, hence no matter who it is that is serving the customer in question, they’ll have the same actionable data promptly available. This will result in less idle time for clients and
The Database Management System (DBMS) is software that enables the users to define, create, maintain and control the access to the database. It is a software that interact with the user’s applications programs and it database. Meanwhile, information retrieval system is a system that involved the activity that the systems obtain the information. The obtaining information action need the information from it resources.
In 500 B.C. the abacus was first used by the Babylonians as an aid to simple arithmetic. In 1623 Wihelm Schickard (1592 - 1635) invented a "Calculating Clock". This mechanical machine could add and subtract up to 6 digit numbers, and warned of an overflow by ringing a bell. J. H. Mueller comes up with the idea of the "difference engine", in 1786. This calculator could tabulate values of a polynomial. Muellers attempt to raise funds fails and the project was forgotten. Scheutz and his son Edward produced a 3rd order difference engine with a printer in 1843 and their government agreed to fund their next project.
...ect the information of users such as what webpage they mostly stay for long time and what kinds of products that they mostly will buy.
conference using a PowerPoint file. The database management system allows a company to run more efficient, smoothly, and be more productive. Database management systems also allow a business to be more secure. The database administrator can create the user permissions, which allows each employee access to different things. This is usually done by assigning different usernames and passwords. It can prevent employees from viewing certain documents that are meant only for cooperate, or preventing them from accidentally deleting
Thousands of years ago calculations were done using people’s fingers and pebbles that were found just lying around. Technology has transformed so much that today the most complicated computations are done within seconds. Human dependency on computers is increasing everyday. Just think how hard it would be to live a week without a computer. We owe the advancements of computers and other such electronic devices to the intelligence of men of the past.