Brian Handwerk claims in his article “Chimp ‘Girls’ Play With ‘Dolls’ Too—First Wild Evidence”, published in 2010, that female baby monkeys play with dolls, and that this phenomenon occurs through evolution to make the female a better mother. Handwerk uses persuasive appeals, mainly ethos and logos, to reaffirm his point in the article, as well as some pathos. Ethos is used very often in the piece, and Handwerk does an excellent job at communicating the credibility of his sources. The article begins with Handwerk describing some female chimps using sticks as dolls in the wild. Handwerk exposes a possibility of biological reason for these gender roles, caused by evolution to make the females better mothers. Handwerk also humors the idea that the female chimps play with dolls because they want to express their cognitive abilities, and have a capacity for imagination. However, Handwerk never goes over why only the females play with sticks if this is the case, and doesn’t present any research despite having referenced research in the biological idea. This is the only weak point in his article. Handwerk opens his claims with an appeal to Ethos, stating that his sources are experts in their field. Handwerk then reinforced his sources by stating the extent of their …show more content…
Handwerk brings up the similarities of humans to monkeys, using another study, and draws his article to a close with a more personal note than when he started. Instead of making his closing argument lose a personal touch by using scientific words such as “genes” and “biological differences”, Handwerk closes with a more personal, ambiguous note. He doesn’t restate the argument, rather he leaves enough evidence to force you to draw the same conclusion he did, which makes the reader feel more involved with the
1. Based on Article 3, “Tiger Girls on the soccer Field” explain how and why many upper-middle class parents encourage their daughter to adopt as “aggressive femininity.”
Lars Eighner uses the appeal of ethos the most prominently in his book to prove he is credible, followed by an appeal logos by applying logic and pathos using stories.
Ethos is the act of proving one’s self (namely the author), reliable to the reader, and a credible writer to research and explain the topic
Delving into Barthes’s text in the hospital-like, fluorescent annex of Bobst, I pondered the causalities of this question. An excerpt from “Mythologies”, “Toys” follows Barthes’s social commentary on the French toy industry during the 1970’s. In his view, “French toys always mean something, and this something is always entirely socialized,”(89). These toys that exist as a representation are always given meanings which configure the child to social protocols. We can speculate from toys of different periods, each representative of a different part of the world, and draw parallels concerning their functions: “There exist, for instance, dolls which urinate; they have an esophagus, one gives them a bottle, they wet their nap[-]pies,”(89). Barthes believes that “[they] ...
Ethos is the use of one’s title or background in order to speak on an issue that is presented. Hasselstrom is a female poet, essayist and writing teacher who is using experiences in order to debate the issue of carrying a weapon. Hasselstrom does not have the proper ethos in order to speak on this topic because she does not have any credentials that state she is qualified enough to speak on the issue of guns. The most experience Hasselstrom has with a weapon is the fact that she owns one, however she is lacks the credentials to give certifiable proof that other methods besides a gun is the only valid method that could prevent a physical altercation from occuring. In the excerpt, Hasselstrom stated that a pistol is the only way to shift the balance of power which then provided safety. She has no background on if that statement is true nor have any of the knowledge to justify the
Palson had used a lot of animal comparisons with characters throughout this book, but I would only use three of them in this essay. The first comparison happened on page seventy-eight of Crossing. An example of animal comparison between the main character Manny, was quoted, “..oh yes, it was the monkey. There had been a monkey on a chain tied to a wire between two trees.” I believe there are two reasons that Gary Paulsen compared monkey, this particular animal, to Many, this particular character. The first reason is quite obvious, between Manny and the monkey. Monkeys are believed to be lower IQ humans, another form of human who shared lots of similarities and resemblances in different areas with humans. The second reason is their situation, both without freedom. What is freedom? Nobody can define the word “ freedom.” But the basic definition of freedom is when you’re free from fear, free from slavery, and injury. Do the monkey and Manny have them? No, they don’t have anything above. Manny, is al...
During the twentieth century, Harry Harlow performed one of the most controversial experiments that led to a scientific breakthrough concerning the parent-child relationship. It paved the way for understanding terms such as secure, insecure, ambivalent, and disorganized relationships (Bernstein, 2014, 364). During the course of this study, Harlow separated baby monkeys from their birth mothers and isolated them in frightening environments. According to the video “H.H. Overview”, this proved the monkey’s preference for a comforting mother versus a nutritional one. However, this raises the question: can his experiments be deemed ethical, or did his scientific inquiry overstep boundaries?
In order to fully comprehend the how gender stereotypes perpetuate children’s toys, one must understand gender socialization. According to Santrock, the term gender refers to the, “characteristics of people as males and females” (p.163). An individual is certainly not brought into the world with pre-existing knowledge of the world. However, what is certain is the belief that the individual has regarding him- or herself and life stems from socialization—the development of gender through social mechanisms. For instance, when a baby is brought into this world, his or her first encounter to gender socialization arises when the nurse places a blue or pink cap on the baby’s head. This act symbolizes the gender of the baby, whether it is a boy (blue cap) or a girl (pink cap). At the age of four, the child becomes acquai...
Langlois, J. and Downs, A. (1980) Mothers, fathers, and peers as socialization agents of sex-typed play behaviours in young children. Child Development, 51, (pp 1271-1247).
Throughout situations and research conducted by not only Robert Sapolsky or Jane Goodman, but from many other credited sources, we can blatantly see the, if not identical, similarities between the two species of humans and baboons. The most apparent likewise characteristics of this can be read and documented in Professor Sapolsky’s book, A Primate’s Memoirs. Sapolsky, who spent hundreds if not thousands, of hours studying these Savanna Baboons, sheds a vast insight into ideas of social dominance, mating strategies, instinctual prowess, community settings, hygiene, and reform of an entire generation; many of which can be unknowingly seen directly in the common occurrence of a humans daily life. One of the biggest ideals shown throughout history is the need for power and dominance.
Michelle Carr uses the rhetorical mode of argumentation for the purpose of persuasion in her article, “The Reality of Zoos.” Carr focuses on the issue of the imprisonment and maltreatment of zoo animals in her article. She effectively presents her points by using the persuasive methods of pathos and logos. Carr establishes an emotional connection with the reader by recalling an occasion she noticed how unhappy zoo animals were during a childhood memory. Carr also uses logic and reasoning; she appeals to the reader by using facts and figures about the suffering zoo animals experience, for instance, the animals developing “zoochosis” and the animals being forcibly inseminated for money-making purposes. By establishing an emotional connection
Francis’s study analyzes three to five-year-old preschool students as well as their parents about their views about toys and viewing materials based on gender. The study showed that parental beliefs shaped their child 's opinions of gender roles based on the toys they played with. The parent 's idea of what is female and what is male is transferred onto the toys their child plays with which in terms developed their child 's stereotype of what is male and female based on their toy selection and color. In the article “How do today 's children play and with which toys?”, by Klemenovic reference that a child 's view on gender stereotypes is developed by their parents who train them on how to use the toys. Klemenovic (2014) states "Adults start training in the first months of a child 's life because knowledge of objects is the outcome of other people 's behavior towards us" (Klemenovic, 2014, p. 184). Young children’s development of gender stereotypes is largely influenced by his or her parent’s actions and view on what they consider male or female. A parent’s color preference and toy selection can influence a child’s gender bias or association to a specific
Stone, Tanya Lee. The Good, the Bad, and the Barbie: A Doll's History and Her Impact on Us. New York: Penguin Group, 2010. Print.
In this era, males and females both uphold household duties. Children watch and learn from their environment. A boy watching his father care for an infant is going to want to imitate his father. Playing with a doll is simply following what he has seen his father do. Taking away the doll is taking away that child’s future as a nurturing father (Gioia, 2010). Many men feel that their male child playing with a doll is not teaching him to be tough and will negatively impact their future, when in fact the boy will learn how to care and use their imagination by playing with dolls (Epand). Females are often praised when they are gentle and nurturing, while boys are not- causing boys to r...
One recent headline in the news showed an extraordinary event on film. When a three-year-old boy fell into a gorilla enclosure at the zoo, and was knocked unconscious. A female Gorilla named Binti Jua picked up the boy, and cradled him in her arms as if he was her own. The gorilla then gently carried the boy over to the caretaker’s door and set him down. Did the gorilla feel empathy for the boy? By watching the film alone the gorilla seemed to show emotions for the boy, but without studying the animal neurobiologically scientists cannot understand how her emotions and cognitions were linked.