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Brand loyalty in the contemporary world
Brand loyalty in the contemporary world
Brand loyalty in the contemporary world
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Chapter 2: Literature Review
This chapter reviews the literature that describes the published articles, journals and books were collected to investigate the theories and past empirical studies which are related to this study. This chapter consists of literature review, review of relevant theoretical model, conceptual framework and overall conclusion of chapter two.
Luxury Brands
As a concept, the word ‘luxury’ has been defined in many ways. ‘Luxury’ means the state of great comfort and extravagant living or an inessential but desirable item. (Kamolwan T. and Wiwatchai J, 2010). In the social psychology context, for instance, luxury is treated as a result of its strong connection to a lifestyle, culture, sub-culture, and state of being. When
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Consumers with high brand consciousness will have a strong purchase intention of luxury fashion products and a high level of brand loyalty towards luxury fashion brands (Sarah Marie Giovannini, 2012). The more brand-conscious consumers are, the more likely they would be to form more highly favorable attitudes toward luxury brands (Mark Yi-Cheon Yim, Paul L. Sauer, Jerome Williams, Se-Jin Lee, Iain Macrury, 2014). Therefore, consumers will most likely purchase luxury brands in order to reflect their prestige, value and status as consumer believe luxury brands indicates their high status as well as living standards (Phau, I , Huimin, T, Chuah, J, …show more content…
Consumers tend to connect brand symbols to self-concepts (Keller, 2013). Brand consciousness consumers are more conscious about their achievements, hence, showing their accomplishment to others is important (Haderspeck, 2013). Consumers who are sensitive to a need to articulate a consistent self-concept have a tendency to be more conscious of brand identity in their purchase intention (Mark Yi-Cheon Yim , Paul L. Sauer , Jerome Williams , Se-Jin Lee , Iain Macrury, 2014). They see luxury brands as a symbol of showing their status or boosting their self-recognition as the name of a brand is an essential symbol of group identity (B.Zhang, J.H Kim 2013). As a result, brand consciousness consumers are more conscious about their achievements, hence, showing their accomplishment to others is
People are often deceived by some famous brands, which they will buy as useless commodities to feel they are distinctive. People require brands to experience the feeling of being special. People spend their money to have something from famous brands, like a bag from Coach or Louis Vuitton which they think they need, yet all that is just people’s wants. Steve McKevitt claims that people give more thought on features or brands when they need to buy a product, “It might even be the case that you do need a phone to carry out your work and a car to get around in, but what brand it is and, to a large extent, what features it has are really just want” (McKevitt, 145), which that means people care about brands more than their needs. Having shoes from Louis Vuitton or shoes that cost $30 it is designed for the same use.
Studies, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Mar., 1995), pp. 447-464. Published by: Sage Publications, Inc. Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2784403
Svinos, George, and Nick Debnam. Attitudes to Luxury Brands (TNS Survey). N.d. Raw data. Monash University, Shanghai, China.
It is interesting to consider Veblen’s theory of conspicuous consumption as it pertains to the modern day fashion industry, specifically the luxury fashion sector. In The Theory of the Leisure Class, Veblen said “we all find a costly hand-wrought articles of apparel much preferable to a less expensive imitation of it;” however, at the beginning of the 20th century, couture clothing was exclusively available to those who were very wealthy, simply because of how much the garments cost. By the mid-1930’s, businesses were beginning to change their ways of thinking after seeing the enormous profit that the Walt Disney Company received once they licensed the making of Mickey Mouse novelty items. Christian Dior was the first of many fashion designers to foll...
Lots of people at a high level in society use the products they own to represent their social status. As what Solomon says in his article, “advertisers have been quick to exploit the status signals that belong to body language as well.” (169) Advertising gives them a good chance to show their material success, and the advertised products make them more of individuality. For example, Michael Jordan owns a Ferrari 512 which is a super sports car with an unaffordable price. Ferrari’s advertising tells the world how excellent and expensive the car is, so that his car could shows his wealth and success in his career and also his energetic and positive personalities. Being advertised, Jordan’s Ferrari is not just a vehicle but a symbol of his identity. There is no doubt that this advertised car makes Jordan much more of
By 2002, Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton was the world’s largest luxury products company, enjoying annual sales of 12.2 billion euros. LVMH carries the most prestigious brand names in wine, champagne, fashion, jewelry, and perfume. Upon entrance of this luxury product industry, LVMH was aware that they produced products that nobody needed, but that were desired by millions across the world. This desire in some way fulfills a fantasy, making consumers feel as though they must buy it, or else they will not be in the moment, and thus will be left behind.
Luxury goods are not the necessities but are very much desirable to people which is supported by a share of money income. They are not easily available and affordable for everyone but due to the coming up of competition in market this has been changed. Nowadays, every individual wants to raise their self high and wants to be different from everyone. Since, the times have changed luxury goods have become more affordable for middle class consumers. Whenever we open our social media accounts such as Instagram, snapchats or news on internet or be it the reality shows, it is full of rich people showing off their dresses, bags, accessories etc. Such news put an impact on our inner thinking about our need to look and feel good through rich possessions. Several manufactured goods have become luxury goods as they are designer, durable and better quality. These goods are considered as luxury goods by the consumers because they play a role of status and class for those who showcase or owns them. These items are not necessarily better than less expensive substitutes are purchased with the main purpose of showcasing their wealth. These kinds of goods are object of socio-economic phenomenon which includes watches, jewelleries, designer clothes and accessories, large
-Status symbols: Sophisticated customers who value the distinctive, exclusive collection seem to value the corporate-branded version of luxury. –Philip Martiz, chairman of the board
The authors of this article have outlined the purpose, aims, and objectives of the study. It also provides the methods used which is quantitative approach to collect the data, the results, conclusion of the study. It is important that the author should present the essential components of the study in the abstract because the abstract may be the only section that is read by readers to decide if the study is useful or not or to continue reading (Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan, 2007; Ingham-Broomfield, 2008 p.104; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380).
A customer’s response falls in two categories, judgment and feelings. Consumers are constantly making judgments about a brand. These judgments fall into four categories: quality, credibility, consideration, and superiority (Keller, 2001). Customers judge a brand based on its actual and perceived quality, and customers judge credibility using the perception of the company’s expertise, trustworthiness, and likability. To what extent is the brand seen as “competent, innovative, and a market leader,” “dependable and sensitive to the interest of customers,” and “fun, interesting, and worth spending time with” (Keller,
Kapferer, J., & Bastien, V 2009, The luxury strategy: break the rules of marketing to build luxury brands. London: Kogan Page.
The high pressure luxury brand industry has evolved over the last few decades from a small and selective to a multibillion dollar arena offering significant potential and growth opportunity for the luxury brands that compete within its realm. With many luxury brands competing for over $225 billion (The Economist, 2009) in revenue each year it is easy to see how strategy plays an important role.
Now within the rest of this paper you will be finding a few different things getting discussed. Staring it off we will be discussing the articles that we have found to make our arguments and hypotheses. After wrapping up the literature reviews we will be discussing the hypotheses thus continuing onto our variables and indicators. Once we discuss our hypotheses we will be moving onto the research design. The research design will have our general issues, sampling, and methods.
Dubois and Czellar (2002) refer to luxury brands as those goods that can offer comfort, beauty and refinement. On the other hand, a prestige brand is referred to as a brand that has achieved a definitive level of accomplishment, either in the quality or performance. O’Cass a...
In latest time, branding theory literature has focused on the customer– brand relationship, which is based on an image that suggests consumers form relationships with brands in the same way they form relations in a social context (Fournier, 1998; Parvatiyar and Sheth, 2001; McAlexander et al, 2002). The concept is complex in nature and reflects affective and socio-emotional attachments, behavior ties and supportive cognitive beliefs